Engineering Geology and Construction

by Bell; Fred G.

• ISBN13: 9780415259392
• ISBN10: 0415259398
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-07-21
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Engineering Geology and Constructionis an in-depth study of the influence of geology on construction. It is the only book to concentrate on this relationship, providing comprehensive, well-referenced and up-to-date information. The full scope of the subject is considered, from site investigation through to the complexities of reservoirs and dam sites. International case studies are incorporated throughout and summaries of accepted practice described. Also included are sections on the disposal of waste, and contaminated land. A thorough coverage of theory, and practical demonstrations of its applications, makesEngineering Geology and Constructionan invaluable book for students and practitioners in the fields of geology, engineering and construction.

Author Biography

Fred Bell was Professor and Head of the Department of Geology and Applied Geology at the University of Natal, South Africa.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
1 Land evaluation and site investigation	1	(96)
1.1 Desk study and preliminary reconnaissance	2	(3)
1.2 Remote sensing imagery and aerial photographs	5	(12)
1.3 Terrain evaluation	17	(2)
1.4 Geographical information systems	19	(2)
1.5 Mapping	21	(10)
1.6 Site exploration: direct methods	31	(18)
1.7 Recording discontinuity data	49	(6)
1.8 In situ testing	55	(11)
1.9 Indirect methods of exploration: geophysical techniques	66	(22)
1.10 Field instrumentation	88	(5)
References	93	(4)
2 Open excavation and slopes	97	(84)
2.1 Methods of excavation: drilling and blasting	97	(16)
2.2 Methods of excavation: ripping	113	(12)
2.3 Diggability	125	(4)
2.4 Displacement in soils	129	(2)
2.5 Displacements in rock masses	131	(5)
2.6 A brief note on slope stability analysis	136	(4)
2.7 Ground movements and excavation	140	(5)
2.8 Groundwater and excavation	145	(13)
2.9 Monitoring slopes	158	(3)
2.10 Methods of slope control and stabilization	161	(13)
2.11 A note on cofferdams and caissons	174	(2)
References	176	(5)
3 Subsurface excavations	181	(66)
3.1 Introduction	181	(1)
3.2 Geological conditions and tunnelling	182	(21)
3.3 Excavation of tunnels	203	(10)
3.4 Tunnel support	213	(16)
3.5 Tunnelling and subsidence	229	(2)
3.6 Underground caverns	231	(4)
3.7 Shafts and raises	235	(8)
References	243	(4)
4 Foundation conditions and buildings	247	(97)
4.1 Total and effective pressures	247	(2)
4.2 Stress distribution in soil	249	(4)
4.3 Bearing capacity	253	(9)
4.4 Contact pressure	262	(1)
4.5 Consolidation and settlement	263	(14)
4.6 Subsidence	277	(21)
4.7 Earthquakes and ground movements	298	(5)
4.8 Problem soils	303	(26)
4.9 Ground treatment	329	(4)
4.10 Types of foundation structure	333	(4)
References	337	(7)
5 Routeways	344	(62)
5.1 Introduction	344	(1)
5.2 Roadways	345	(20)
5.3 Embankments	365	(10)
5.4 Reinforced earth	375	(1)
5.5 Soil stabilization	376	(13)
5.6 Use of geotextiles in road construction	389	(1)
5.7 Drainage	390	(4)
5.8 Railroads	394	(2)
5.9 Bridges	396	(6)
References	402	(4)
6 Reservoirs and dam sites	406	(71)
6.1 Introduction	406	(1)
6.2 Investigation of reservoir sites	407	(2)
6.3 Leakage from reservoirs	409	(7)
6.4 Stability of the sides of reservoirs	416	(5)
6.5 Sedimentation in reservoirs	421	(2)
6.6 Pumped storage reservoirs	423	(2)
6.7 Reservoirs and induced seismicity	425	(3)
6.8 Types of dam	428	(5)
6.9 Forces on a dam	433	(3)
6.10 Geology and dam sites	436	(16)
6.11 Embankment dams	452	(11)
6.12 Grouting	463	(8)
6.13 Drainage systems	471	(1)
6.14 Impervious blankets	471	(1)
References	472	(5)
7 Hydrogeology	477	(82)
7.1 Introduction	477	(4)
7.2 Capillary movement in soil and soil suction	481	(1)
7.3 Aquifers, aquicludes and aquitards	482	(3)
7.4 Springs	485	(2)
7.5 Water budget studies	487	(2)
7.6 Hydrogeological properties	489	(7)
7.7 Flow through soils and rocks	496	(5)
7.8 Groundwater exploration	501	(3)
7.9 Assessment of permeability and flow	504	(11)
7.10 Water quality and uses	515	(9)
7.11 Wells	524	(2)
7.12 Safe yield	526	(1)
7.13 Artificial recharge	527	(1)
7.14 Groundwater pollution	528	(22)
7.15 Groundwater monitoring and groundwater protection zones	550	(2)
7.16 Rising water tables	552	(1)
References	553	(6)
8 River and coastal engineering	559	(82)
8.1 Fluvial processes	559	(12)
8.2 Floods	571	(4)
8.3 Factors affecting run-off	575	(6)
8.4 Assessment of run-off	581	(5)
8.5 Hazard zoning, warning systems and adjustments	586	(3)
8.6 River control and flood regulation	589	(9)
8.7 The coastal zone	598	(10)
8.8 Coastal erosion	608	(4)
8.9 Beaches and longshore drift	612	(3)
8.10 Shoreline investigation	615	(4)
8.11 Protective barriers	619	(6)
8.12 Stabilization of longshore drift	625	(3)
8.13 Storm surges and marine inundation	628	(4)
8.14 Tsunamis	632	(5)
References	637	(4)
9 Waste and its disposal	641	(55)
9.1 Introduction	641	(2)
9.2 Domestic refuse and sanitary landfills	643	(24)
9.3 Hazardous wastes	667	(4)
9.4 Radioactive waste	671	(8)
9.5 Waste materials from mining	679	(12)
References	691	(5)
10 Derelict and contaminated land	696	(42)
10.1 Derelict land and urban areas	696	(3)
10.2 Derelict land: restoration of old quarries, pits and mines	699	(5)
10.3 Contaminated land	704	(10)
10.4 Investigation of contaminated sites	714	(8)
10.5 Remediation of contaminated land	722	(6)
10.6 Contamination, mining and associated industries	728	(3)
10.7 Contamination in estuaries	731	(3)
References	734	(4)
11 Geological materials used in construction	738	(53)
11.1 Building or dimension stone	738	(24)
11.2 Roofing and facing materials	762	(2)
11.3 Armourstone	764	(4)
11.4 Crushed rock: concrete aggregate	768	(5)
11.5 Road aggregate	773	(3)
11.6 Gravels and sands	776	(3)
11.7 Lime, cement and plaster	779	(2)
11.8 Clay deposits and refractory materials	781	(6)
References	787	(4)
Index	791