Environmental Assessment in Developing and Transitional Countries Principles, Methods and Practice

by Lee, Norman; George, Clive

• ISBN13: 9780471985570
• ISBN10: 0471985570
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-04-07
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

Since the 1980s, and especially since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, there has been a substantial extension in the adoption and use of Environmental Assessment (EA) procedures in developing countries and countries in transition (low and middle income countries). However, few existing texts in environmental assessment or development studies have reflected this trend sufficiently, until this publication. Divided into two main parts: * EA Principles, Processes and Practice. * Country and Institutional Studies of EA Procedures and Practice. This book explains the essentials of environmental impact association in the context of developing countries and assesses its importance to both developed and developing countries.

Author Biography

Norman Lee and Clive George are the authors of Environmental Assessment in Developing and Transitional Countries: Principles, Methods and Practice, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
List of Contributors	xv
Abbreviations	xvii
List of Boxes	xxi
List of Figures and Map	xxii
List of Tables	xxii
Introduction	1	(14)
Norman Lee
Clive George
Environmental Assessment, Developing Countries and Countries in Transition	1	(2)
The Origins of Environmental Assessment	3	(1)
The Environmental Assessment Process: Scope and Stages	4	(2)
Environmental Assessment and Sustainable Development	6	(9)
Discussion Questions	10	(1)
Further Reading	11	(1)
References	11	(4)
PART ONE EA PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES AND PRACTICE
Environmental Assessment in its Developmental and Regulatory Context	15	(20)
Norman Lee
Introduction	15	(1)
Relationships Between the Development Process and Environmental Quality	16	(1)
Policy Instruments of Sustainability	17	(2)
Development and Environmental Quality Relationships in Low and Middle Income Countries	19	(3)
Environmental Pressures, Trends and Concerns	22	(4)
Environmental Regulatory Systems	26	(4)
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Regulatory Systems and Sustainable Development	30	(5)
Discussion Questions	32	(1)
Further Reading	32	(1)
References	33	(2)
Comparative Review of Environmental Assessment Procedures and Practice	35	(36)
Clive George
Introduction	35	(1)
Sub-Saharan Africa	36	(2)
East Asia and the Pacific	38	(1)
South Asia	39	(1)
Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia	40	(3)
Middle East and North Africa	43	(1)
Latin America and the Caribbean	44	(2)
Development Banks and Aid Agencies	46	(3)
Comparative Overview	49	(22)
Discussion Questions	53	(1)
Further Reading	53	(1)
Appendix: Details of EA Systems in Low and Middle Income Countries	54	(14)
References	68	(3)
Screening and Scoping	71	(14)
Christopher Wood
Introduction	71	(1)
Screening	72	(5)
Scoping	77	(4)
Conclusions	81	(4)
Discussion Questions	82	(1)
Further Reading	83	(1)
References	83	(2)
Environmental Impact Prediction and Evaluation	85	(26)
Clive George
Introduction	85	(1)
Principles of Impact Prediction and Evaluation	86	(6)
Data Collection	92	(2)
Impacts on Water	94	(1)
Impacts on Air and Noise	95	(2)
Impacts on Soils, Geology and Natural Resources	97	(1)
Impacts on Ecology	98	(1)
Impacts on Human Beings	99	(5)
Prediction and Evaluation in Strategic Level Assessments	104	(2)
Prediction Practice and Future Directions	106	(5)
Discussion Questions	107	(1)
Further Reading	108	(1)
References	108	(3)
Economic Valuation of Environmental Impacts	111	(14)
Colin Kirkpatrick
Introduction	111	(1)
The Concept of Economic Value	112	(4)
Valuation Techniques	116	(4)
Intertemporal Considerations: Choice of Discount Rate	120	(1)
Conclusions	121	(4)
Discussion Questions	122	(1)
Further Reading	122	(1)
References	122	(3)
Social Impact Assessment	125	(12)
Frank Vanclay
Introduction	125	(1)
Methodology of SIA	126	(1)
Role of Participation in SIA	127	(1)
Why a Gender Analysis is Essential	128	(1)
`Content' of SIA in Developing Countries	129	(1)
Some Important Considerations in Cross-cultural Assessments	129	(3)
Conclusions	132	(5)
Discussion Questions	132	(1)
Further Reading	132	(1)
References	133	(4)
Reviewing the Quality of Environmental Assessments	137	(12)
Norman Lee
Introduction	137	(1)
Assessing EIS Quality: Context, Criteria and Method	138	(1)
Review Checklists and Packages	139	(1)
Findings of EIS Quality Reviews	140	(2)
Assessing the Performance of the EIA Process	142	(3)
New Forms of Assessment and Quality Assurance	145	(1)
Conclusions	146	(3)
Discussion Questions	147	(1)
Further Reading	147	(1)
References	147	(2)
Methods of Consultation and Public Participation	149	(12)
Ron Bisset
Why is Consultation and Public Participation Important?	149	(1)
What is Meant by Consultation and Public Participation?	150	(1)
How to Implement CPP`?	151	(5)
Some Issues Relating to CPP	156	(1)
Future Trends in CPP	157	(4)
Discussion Questions	159	(1)
Further Reading	159	(1)
References	160	(1)
Integrating Appraisals and Decision-making	161	(16)
Norman Lee
Introduction	161	(1)
Conceptual and Contextual Issues	162	(1)
Current Practice	163	(5)
Appraisal Methodologies	168	(4)
Conclusions	172	(5)
Discussion Questions	173	(1)
Further Reading	174	(1)
References	174	(3)
Environmental Monitoring, Management and Auditing	177	(20)
Clive George
Introduction	177	(1)
Integrating Environmental Assessment, Environmental Management Plans and Environmental Management Systems	178	(2)
Environmental Management Plans and Monitoring Plans	180	(3)
Environmental Management Systems	183	(3)
Supervisory Monitoring and Enforcement	186	(2)
Environmental Audit	188	(1)
Monitoring in Strategic Environmental Assessment	189	(2)
Conclusions	191	(6)
Discussion Questions	192	(1)
Further Reading	193	(1)
References	193	(4)
PART TWO COUNTRY AND INSTITUTIONAL STUDIES OF EA PROCEDURES AND PRACTICE
Country Studies of EA in Chile, Indonesia and the Russian Federation	197	(24)
EIA in Chile	197	(8)
Luis C. Contreras
EIA in Indonesia	205	(6)
Zulhasni
EA in the Russian Federation	211	(10)
Aleg Cherp
Country Studies of EA in Nepal, Jordan and Zimbabwe	221	(22)
EIA in Nepal	221	(7)
Ram B. Khadka
Batu K. Uprety
EIA in Jordan	228	(7)
Mahmoud Al-Khoshman
EIA in Zimbabwe	235	(8)
Shem Chaibva
Environmental Assessment in Development Banks and Aid Agencies	243	(28)
EA Procedures and Practice in the World Bank	243	(9)
Colin Rees
EA Procedures and Practice in the Asian Development Bank	252	(10)
Bindu Lohani
OECD guidelines for Bilateral Donors	262	(9)
Remy Paris
Strengthening Future Environmental Assessment Practice: An International Perspective	271	(12)
Hussein Abaza
Introduction	271	(1)
Key Challenges	272	(3)
The Way Forward	275	(4)
The Role of UNEP and Other Institutional Stakeholders	279	(4)
Discussion Questions	280	(1)
References	281	(2)
Index	283