Essential Concepts for Healthy Living

by Alters, Sandra

• ISBN13: 9780763707217
• ISBN10: 076370721X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-12-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Summary

The critical thinking personal health textbook. Timely topics--such as alernative medicine, reproductive health, and noninfectious conditions-- informed by current research provide a comprehensive overview of today's health issues.

Table of Contents

Health: The Foundation for Life	p. 1
The Dimensions of Health	p. 2
What is Health?	p. 2
Health and Wellness	p. 2
The Components of Health	p. 2
The Nation's Health	p. 4
Tracking the Nation's Health	p. 4
Health Promotion: Healthy People 2000 and Healthy People 2010	p. 5
Minority Health Status	p. 6
Understanding Health-Related Behavior	p. 8
Changing Health-Related Behavior	p. 8
Making Positive Health-Related Decisions	p. 9
Can Good Health Be Prescribed?	p. 10
Analyzing Health Information	p. 10
Becoming a Wary Consumer of Health Information	p. 11
Conventional Versus Alternative Medicine	p. 14
Alternative Treatments: Possible Placebos	p. 14
Alternative Therapies in Perspective	p. 15
Chapter Review	p. 18
Psychological Health	p. 20
The Basics of Psychological Health	p. 22
Personality Development	p. 22
Theories of Personality Development	p. 23
Adjustment And Growth	p. 25
Self-Esteem	p. 26
Improving Your Psychological Health	p. 27
Understanding Mental Illness	p. 27
The Impact of Mental Illness	p. 28
What Causes Psychological Disorders?	p. 28
Treating Mental Illness	p. 29
Common Psychological Disorders	p. 30
Anxiety Disorders	p. 30
Unclassified Impulse Control Disorders	p. 32
Eating Disorders	p. 33
Mood Disorders	p. 35
Psychosomatic Disorders	p. 37
Dementia	p. 37
Suicide	p. 37
Preventing Suicide	p. 38
Chapter Review	p. 40
Stress and Its Management	p. 44
What Is Stress?	p. 46
Stressors	p. 46
Stress Responses	p. 46
Physical Responses	p. 46
The Impact of Stress on Health	p. 50
Stressful Life Events	p. 50
The Mind-Body Relationship	p. 50
Personality, Disease, and Stress	p. 53
Coping With Stress	p. 54
Problem-Focused Strategies	p. 54
Emotion-Focused Strategies	p. 55
Social-Support Strategies	p. 55
Stress Management Skills	p. 56
Deep Breathing	p. 56
Progressive Muscular Relaxation	p. 56
Meditation and the Relaxation Response	p. 56
Imagery	p. 57
Self-Talk	p. 58
Physical Exercise	p. 58
Chapter Review	p. 60
Violence and Abuse	p. 62
How Violence Affects Health	p. 64
Violence in the United States	p. 64
Violent Behavior: Contributing Factors	p. 65
Major Types of Violence and Abuse	p. 65
Community Violence	p. 65
Institutional Violence	p. 65
Sexual Violence	p. 67
Sexual Harassment	p. 69
Domestic Violence	p. 69
Stalking	p. 71
Assessing Your Risk of Violence	p. 71
Preventing and Avoiding Violence	p. 72
Self-Protection	p. 73
Treating the Effects of Violence	p. 75
Chapter Review	p. 77
Relationships and Sexuality	p. 80
Human Sexual Behavior	p. 82
The Biology of Sexual Behavior	p. 82
The Psychology of Sexual Behavior	p. 83
Culture and Sexuality	p. 84
Gender Identity and Roles	p. 84
Transsexualism	p. 86
Sexual Orientation	p. 86
Nature or Nurture?	p. 87
Homosexuality and Society	p. 87
Diversity in Sexual Behavior	p. 88
Common Sexual Practices between Partners	p. 88
Solitary Sexual Behavior	p. 88
Celibacy	p. 88
Romantic Relationships	p. 89
Defining Love	p. 89
Psychologists' Theories about Love	p. 89
Love Attachments	p. 90
Love Changes Over Time	p. 91
Establishing Romantic Commitments	p. 92
Types of Romantic Commitments	p. 92
Communication in Relationships	p. 94
Chapter Review	p. 99
Reproductive Health	p. 102
The Male Reproductive System	p. 104
The Internal Organs of Sexual Reproduction	p. 104
The External Organs of Sexual Reproduction	p. 105
The Female Reproductive System	p. 107
The Internal Organs of Sexual Reproduction	p. 107
The External Organs of Sexual Reproduction	p. 107
The Sexual Response	p. 109
Sexual Dysfunctions	p. 109
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)	p. 109
Premature Ejaculation	p. 110
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder	p. 110
Vaginismus	p. 111
The Menstrual Cycle	p. 111
Premenstrual Syndrome	p. 112
Toxic Shock Syndrome	p. 112
Pregnancy and Human Development	p. 112
Prepregnancy and Prenatal Care	p. 112
Determining If You or Your Partner Is Pregnant	p. 116
Pregnancy and Fetal Development	p. 116
The Birth Process	p. 117
Circumcision	p. 121
The Postpartum Period	p. 122
Infertility	p. 123
Contraception	p. 124
Abstinence and Natural Methods	p. 124
Chemical and Barrier Methods	p. 126
Hormonal Methods	p. 130
Intrauterine Devices	p. 130
Sterilization	p. 131
Abortion	p. 132
Chapter Review	p. 137
Drug Use and Abuse	p. 140
Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse	p. 143
Psychoactive Drugs: Effects on the Mind and Body	p. 144
How Psychoactive Drugs Affect the Brain	p. 144
What Happens to Drugs in the Body?	p. 144
Illegal Drug Use in the United States	p. 145
The Prevalence of Illegal Drug Use	p. 145
Why Do People Use Psychoactive Drugs?	p. 145
Patterns of Psychoactive Drug Use	p. 145
Drug Dependence	p. 146
Physiological and Psychological Dependence	p. 146
Risk Factors for Drug Dependency	p. 147
Stimulants	p. 147
Amphetamines and Methamphetamines	p. 147
Cocaine	p. 149
Caffeine	p. 149
Depressants	p. 150
Rohypnol	p. 151
GHB and GBL	p. 151
Opiates	p. 152
Marijuana	p. 152
Hallucinogens	p. 153
LSD	p. 153
Mescaline	p. 154
Psilocybin	p. 154
PCP	p. 154
Inhalants	p. 154
Designer Drugs	p. 155
Ectasy	p. 155
Over-the-Counter Drugs	p. 156
Look-Alike Drugs	p. 156
Weight Loss Aids	p. 156
Ephedrine	p. 156
Drug Treatment and Prevention	p. 158
Treating Drug Dependency	p. 158
Preventing Drug Misuse and Abuse	p. 158
Chapter Review	p. 162
Alcohol and Tobacco	p. 166
Alcohol	p. 168
Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Dependence	p. 168
Factors Related to Alcohol Abuse and Dependence	p. 169
Alcohol and College Students	p. 171
How the Body Processes Alcohol	p. 172
Consequences of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence	p. 173
Prevention	p. 178
How to Control Your Alcohol Consumption	p. 179
Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse	p. 179
Tobacco	p. 181
Types of Tobacco Products	p. 181
Who Uses Tobacco and Why?	p. 181
The Health Effects of Tobacco Use	p. 184
Environmental Tobacco Smoke	p. 187
Quitting	p. 189
Prevention	p. 191
Chapter Review	p. 194
Nutrition	p. 198
Basic Nutrition Principles	p. 200
What Are Nutrients?	p. 200
What Are Non-Nutrients?	p. 200
Natural, Health, Organic, and Functional Foods	p. 201
What Happens to the Food You Eat?	p. 201
The Energy-Supplying Nutrients	p. 202
Carbohydrates	p. 202
Lipids	p. 205
Proteins	p. 208
Non-Energy-Supplying Nutrients	p. 209
Vitamins	p. 209
Minerals	p. 211
Water	p. 214
Planning a Nutritious Diet	p. 215
The Keys to a Nutritious Diet	p. 215
Nutrient Requirements	p. 216
The Recommended Dietary Allowances	p. 216
The Dietary Guidelines	p. 216
The Food Guide Pyramid	p. 216
Using Nutritional Labeling	p. 218
Do You Need Nutritional Supplements?	p. 218
Nutrition for Optimal Physical Performance	p. 220
Malnutrition: Undernutrition And Overnutrition	p. 220
Chapter Review	p. 222
Body Weight and Its Management	p. 224
Defining Overweight and Obesity	p. 226
The Prevalence of Overweight in the United States	p. 226
How Does Being Overweight Affect Health?	p. 226
The Caloric Cost of Living	p. 227
Energy for Metabolism	p. 227
Energy for Physical Activity	p. 227
Energy for Other Needs	p. 228
The Basics of Energy Balance	p. 228
Body Composition	p. 228
How Much Fat Is Normal?	p. 228
Determining Percentages of Body Fat	p. 229
Assessing Healthy Body Weights	p. 230
What Causes Obesity?	p. 232
Biological Influences	p. 232
Environmental, Social, and Psychological Influences	p. 234
Weight Management	p. 235
Weight Reduction Diets	p. 235
Physical Activity	p. 236
Surgical Procedures	p. 237
Medications	p. 237
Strategies for Successful Weight Loss	p. 238
Weight Gain	p. 240
Chapter Review	p. 243
Physical Fitness	p. 246
Principles of Physical Fitness	p. 248
The Body in Motion	p. 248
The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems	p. 249
Defining Physical Activity and Exercise	p. 249
Physical Activity and Health	p. 249
The Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness	p. 250
Cardiorespiratory Fitness	p. 251
Muscular Endurance	p. 252
Muscular Strength	p. 252
Flexibility	p. 254
Body Composition	p. 258
Physical Fitness and Athletic Performance	p. 259
The Sports-Related Components of Fitness	p. 259
Ergogenic Aids	p. 259
Exercising for Health	p. 261
The Exercise Session	p. 262
Exercise Danger Signs	p. 262
Developing a Personal Fitness Program	p. 263
Preventing and Managing Exercise Injuries	p. 265
Strains and Sprains	p. 265
Temperature-Related Injuries	p. 265
Active for a Lifetime	p. 267
Chapter Review	p. 271
Cardiovascular Health	p. 274
The Cardiovascular System and How It Works	p. 276
Cardiovascular Diseases	p. 278
Atherosclerosis	p. 278
Coronary Artery Disease	p. 279
Stroke	p. 283
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease	p. 284
Family History	p. 285
Elevated Blood Cholesterol	p. 285
Cigarette Smoking	p. 286
High Blood Pressure	p. 287
Physical Inactivity	p. 287
Obesity	p. 287
Diabetes Mellitus	p. 287
Anxiety	p. 287
Maintaining Cardiovascular Health	p. 288
Smoking Cessation	p. 288
Weight Control	p. 289
Exercise	p. 289
Lowering Blood Pressure	p. 290
Reducing Blood Cholesterol	p. 290
Aspirin Therapy	p. 291
Estrogen Replacement Therapy	p. 291
Chapter Review	p. 294
Cancer	p. 298
What Is Cancer?	p. 300
How Cancers Develop and Spread	p. 300
Genes and Cancer Development	p. 300
Metastasis	p. 301
Cancer Detection	p. 302
Cancer Treatment	p. 304
Surgery	p. 304
Radiation	p. 305
Chemotherapy	p. 305
Biomodulation	p. 305
Prevalent Cancers in the United States	p. 308
Cancers Caused by or Related to Tobacco	p. 308
Cancers Related to Diet	p. 312
Cancers Related to Hormone Function	p. 315
Cancers Related to Viral Infection: Cervical Cancer	p. 321
Cancers Related to Ultraviolet Radiation: Skin Cancers	p. 323
Cancers with Unknown Causes	p. 324
Reducing Your Risk for Cancer	p. 328
Chapter Review	p. 329
Infection, Immunity, and Noninfectious Disease	p. 334
Noninfectious Diseases	p. 336
Genetic Diseases	p. 336
Diseases Caused by an Interaction of Genes and the Environment	p. 338
Noninfectious Conditions with Environmental or Unknown Causes	p. 339
Trends in Infectious Disease	p. 340
The Chain of Infection	p. 341
The First Link: Pathogens	p. 341
The Second Link: Transmission	p. 342
The Third Link: The Host	p. 344
Immunity	p. 345
Nonspecific Immunity	p. 345
Specific Immunity	p. 347
Interactions between Specific and Nonspecific Immunity	p. 349
Protection Against Infectious Diseases	p. 349
Drugs That Combat Infection	p. 352
Sexually Transmitted Infections	p. 352
Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused By Viruses	p. 353
Human Immunodeficiency Virus	p. 353
Genital Herpes	p. 358
Genital Warts	p. 359
Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused by Bacteria	p. 360
Syphilis	p. 360
Gonorrhea	p. 361
Chlamydial Infections	p. 362
Other Sexually Transmitted Infections	p. 363
Trichomonas vaginalis Infections	p. 363
Yeast Infections	p. 363
Public Lice	p. 363
Scabies	p. 364
Protecting Yourself Against STIs	p. 365
Chapter Review	p. 370
Aging, Dying, and Death	p. 374
Aging	p. 376
Life Expectancy	p. 376
The Characteristics of Aged Americans	p. 378
Why Do We Age?	p. 379
The Effects of Aging on Physical Health	p. 379
The Effects of Aging on Psychological Health	p. 383
The Effects of Aging on Social Health	p. 383
Successful Aging	p. 386
Dying	p. 387
The Spiritual Aspects of Dying	p. 387
The Emotional Aspects of Dying	p. 387
Terminal Care: The Options	p. 389
Death	p. 390
What is Death?	p. 390
Euthanasia and the Right to Die	p. 391
Preparing for Death	p. 391
Some Final Thoughts on Death	p. 393
Grief	p. 394
Chapter Review	p. 397
Environmental Health	p. 400
Environmental Health in and Around the Home	p. 402
Poisoning	p. 402
Inhalation of Asbestos Fibers	p. 407
Electromagnetic Radiation	p. 408
Irradiation of Food: The Debate	p. 409
Environmental Health in the Workplace	p. 410
Pesticide Poisoning	p. 410
Exposure to and Inhalation of Other Toxic Chemicals	p. 411
Indoor Air Pollution	p. 414
Environmental Health in the Outdoors	p. 414
Water Pollution	p. 414
Air Pollution	p. 415
Noise Pollution	p. 416
Chapter Review	p. 420
Injury Prevention and Emergency Care	p. 423
National Research Council Recommended Dietary Allowances	p. 428
Nutritional Composition of Selected Fast Foods	p. 430
Nutrition Recommendations for Canadians	p. 431
Index	p. 435
Photo Credits	p. 447
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