Essential Criminology

by Lanier, Mark M.; Henry, Stuart

• ISBN13: 9780813340890
• ISBN10: 0813340896
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-02-01
• Publisher: Westview Pr

Summary

The updated edition builds on the authors' acclaimed theory of the "Crime Prism"

Author Biography

Mark M. Lanier is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Central Florida. He holds an interdisciplinary doctoral degree from Michigan State University with (1993). He taught at Eastern Michigan University from 1994-95. He has published numerous articles in a variety of disciplinary journals including public health, criminal justice, criminology, law and psychology. His funded research is on youth and HIV/AIDS and community policing. He was awarded Distinguished Researcher of the Year from the College of Health and Public Affairs at the University of Central Florida in 1997. He co-authored (with Stuart Henry) Essential Criminology (1998; 2004) and co-edited (with Stuart Henry) What is Crime? (2001). Stuart Henry is Professor of Social Science and Chair of the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in the College of Urban, Labor and Metropolitan Affairs at Wayne State University. Dr. Henry’s research focuses on issues of crime, deviance and social control. He has 21 books published, including Criminological Theory (with Werner Einstadter, 1995) and Constitutive Criminology (with Dragan Milovanovic, 1996). His most recent books include: What is Crime? (with Mark Lanier, 2001) and Essential Criminology 2nd edition (with Mark Lanier, 2004). He serves on the editorial boards of Theoretical Criminology and Critical Criminology. He is also member of the Board of Directors of the Association of Integrative Studies.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures	ix
Preface and Acknowledgments	xi
1 What Is Criminology?
The Study of Crime, Criminals, and Victims	1	(2)
What Is Criminology?,	3	(3)
Criminological Theory,	6	(9)
Victimology,	15	(1)
Summary,	16	(2)
2 What Is Crime?
Defining and Measuring the Crime Problem	18	(2)
Legal Definition,	20	(2)
Consensus and Conflict Approaches,	22	(6)
Hagan's Pyramid of Crime,	28	(7)
The Prism of Crime,	35	(5)
Application of the Integrated Prism to School Violence,	40	(10)
Measuring Crime,	50	(1)
Government Measures of Crime,	50	(8)
What the UCR and NCVS Tell About Crime Trends,	58	(3)
Independent Crime Measures,	61	(4)
Summary,	65	(2)
Notes,	67	(1)
3 Classical, Neoclassical, and Rational Choice Theories	68	(33)
The Preclassical Era,	70	(2)
The Classical Reaction,	72	(6)
Neoclassical Revisions,	78	(1)
Criminal Justice Implications: The Move to "Justice" Theory,	79	(10)
Redefining Rational Choice: Situational Factors and Routine Activities Theory,	89	(9)
Summary and Conclusion,	98	(1)
Summary Chart: Classical, Rational Choice, and Routine Activities Theories,	99	(2)
4 "Born to Be Bad": Biological, Physiological, and Biosocial Theories of Crime	101	(25)
Biological and Positivistic Assumptions,	103	(2)
The Born Criminal,	105	(2)
Early U.S. Family-Type and Body-Type Theories,	107	(3)
Contemporary Biological Perspectives,	110	(3)
Biosocial Criminology: A Developmental Explanation of Crime,	113	(10)
Summary and Conclusion,	123	(1)
Summary Chart: Biological Theory,	124	(2)
5 Criminal Minds: Psychiatric and Psychological Explanations for Crime	126	(30)
From Sick Minds to Abnormal Behavior,	129	(1)
Shared Psychological Assumptions,	130	(1)
The Psychoanalytic Approach,	131	(6)
Trait-Based Personality Theories,	137	(6)
Behavioral, Situational, and Social Learning Theories,	143	(3)
Cognitive Theories,	146	(4)
Ecological Psychology,	150	(2)
Summary and Conclusion,	152	(1)
Summary Chart: Psychological Theories of Crime,	153	(2)
Notes,	155	(1)
6 Learning Criminal Behavior: Social Process Theories	156	(23)
Common Themes and Different Assumptions,	160	(2)
Sutherland's Differential Association Theory,	162	(6)
Neutralization Theory: Learning Rationalizations as Motives,	168	(8)
Summary and Conclusion,	176	(1)
Summary Chart: Social Process Theories,	177	(2)
7 Failed Socialization: Control Theory, Social Bonds, and Labeling	179	(26)
Control Theory: Learning Not to Commit Crime,	182	(9)
Labeling Theory: A Special Case of Failed Socialization?,	191	(11)
Summary and Conclusion,	202	(1)
Summary Chart: Control Theory and Labeling Theory,	202	(3)
8 Crimes of Place: Social Ecology and Cultural Theories of Crime	205	(27)
Common Themes and Assumptions,	207	(2)
The Chicago School,	209	(6)
The New Social Ecology Theories,	215	(8)
Cultural Deviance Theories,	223	(3)
New Cultural Theory of Crime,	226	(2)
Summary and Conclusion,	228	(1)
Summary Chart: Social Ecology Theory and Culture Conflict Theory,	229	(3)
9 The Sick Society: Anomie and Strain Theory	232	(27)
Assumptions of Strain Theory,	234	(2)
Founders of Strain Theory,	236	(12)
Recent Revisions to Anomie/Strain Theory,	248	(8)
Summary and Conclusion,	256	(1)
Summary Chart: Anomie/Strain Theory,	256	(3)
10 Capitalism as a Criminogenic Society: Conflict, Marxist, and Radical Theories of Crime	259	(31)
Shared Assumptions and Differences: Conflict, Marxist, and Radical Theories,	262	(2)
The Roots of Conflict Criminology,	264	(5)
Contemporary Conflict Criminology,	269	(6)
The Roots of Radical Theory: Marx's Analysis of Capitalist Society,	275	(6)
Contemporary Radical Criminology,	281	(1)
Central Themes of Radical Criminology,	281	(7)
Summary and Conclusion,	288	(1)
Summary Chart: Conflict Theory and Radical Theory,	288	(2)
11 Patriarchy, Gender, and Crime: Feminist Criminological Theory	290	(20)
Basic Assumptions of Feminist Criminology,	292	(4)
Liberal Feminism,	296	(3)
Radical Feminism,	299	(3)
Marxist Feminism,	302	(2)
Socialist Feminism,	304	(1)
Gendered Theory,	305	(1)
Epistemological Issues and Postmodern Feminism,	306	(1)
Conclusion,	307	(1)
Summary Chart: Feminism,	308	(2)
12 Criminologies for the Twenty-First Century: Globalization, an Issue of War or Peace?	310	(31)
Globalization,	311	(6)
Postmodernism,	317	(10)
Making Peace, Not War,	327	(5)
Restorative Justice,	332	(3)
Left Realism,	335	(2)
Conclusion,	337	(1)
Summary Chart: Critical Criminologies,	338	(3)
Conclusion: Integrative Theory	341	(12)
References	353	(60)
Index	413