Preface General Hemostasis | |
Schematic Presentation of the Hemostatic System | |
Proposals For Investigation and Sampling Instructions | |
Increased bleeding tendency | |
Screening analyses | |
Venous thromboembolism | |
Arterial thromboembolism | |
Preanalytical consideration to note in the patient prior to sampling | |
Resting before sampling, position at sampling, sampling occasion etc | |
Laboratory Investigation | |
Nomenclature | |
Reference intervals for laboratory investigations | |
Screening analyses | |
Pt-Bleeding time | |
B/CB-PLT (platelet particle concentrations equals number of platelets) | |
P-APT-time (activated partial thromboplastin time) | |
P-B/CB-Prothrombin complex | |
P-B/CB-Pt (INR) | |
Special analyses | |
Coagulation factors | |
Anticoagulants | |
Natural coagulation inhibitors | |
Platelet function | |
Fibrinolysis | |
Markers for coagulant activation (Hyper-coagulation markers) | |
DNA analyses | |
DNA analysis of hemophilia A and B | |
DNA analysis in thrombotic disorders | |
Useful components in research studies | |
Other non-hemostatic variables of importance | |
Imaging Diagnostic Procedures Bleeding Disorders | |
Hereditary Bleeding Disorders Severe Forms | |
Factor concentrates used in treatment of hemophilia A, B and VWD | |
Treatment strategy in severe forms of hemophilia and VWD | |
Painkilling drugs allowed in hemophilia and VWD | |
Side effects above all at treatment of severe forms of hereditary bleeding disorders | |
Treatment principles for different forms of bleeding disorders (severe, moderate and milder forms of hemostatic defects) | |
Delivery | |
Treatment with tranexamic acid | |
Severe platelet function defects e.g. thrombastenia Glanzmann | |
Mild Hemostatic Defects | |
General remarks | |
Treatment in general | |
Treatment with desmopressin (Octostim) | |
Blood sampling in hemophilia patients | |
Bleeding risk charts (suggestion for) | |
Serious Non-Hereditary Bleedings | |
Introduction | |
Massive bleedings | |
Transfusion coagulopathy | |
Treatment | |
Complicating factors | |
Investigations Of Increased Bleeding Tendency | |
Background | |
Diagnosis | |
Suggested questions for bleeding history | |
Laboratory tests (see also above) | |
Explanations for pathological screening analyses and further actions | |
Prolonged bleeding time | |
Thrombocytopenia | |
Prolonged APT-time | |
Elevated PT (INR) | |
Investigations of bleeding tendency; practical aspects | |
Thromboembolic Disorders | |
Venous Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism | |
Introduction | |
Diagnosis of venous thrombosis | |
Tools for confirming or discarding a clinical suspicion of a venous thrombosis | |
Superficial thrombophlebitis | |
Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism | |
Tools for confirming or excluding clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism | |
Non Pharmacological Treatment Of Dvt And Pe | |
Drug Treatment In Dvt And Pe | |
Heparin (UFH) and low molecular weigh heparin (LMH) | |
Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis | |
Bleeding complications in treatment with UFH and LMH | |
Thrombolytical treatment | |
Thrombolytic drugs | |
Bleeding complications in thrombolytic treatment | |
Secondary prophylaxis against DVT and PE with AVK drugs | |
Practical advice: patients treated with AVK drugs | |
Elective adjustment of PT(INR) prior to risk situations e.g. tooth extraction, surgery etc | |
Bleeding during treatment with UFH/LMH, thrombin inhibitors and pentasaccarides | |
Primary Prophylaxis Against Dvt And Pe | |
Arterial Thromboembolism | |
Ischemic heart disease | |
Unstable angina pectoris/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NONSTEMI) | |
ST-elevating myocardial infarction (STEMI) | |
Cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation) | |
Peripheral artery diseases | |
Surgery on peripheral arteries | |
Cerebral ischemia | |
Thrombolysis in stroke | |
Recurrent TIA | |
Investigations Of Thromboembolic Tendency | |
Special Hemostasis | |
Hemostatic Defects In Obstetrics And Gynecology | |
Thrombosis during pregnancy | |
Treatment in acute DVT/PE during pregnancy and at partus | |
Breast feeding | |
Special cases | |
Treatment of women with mechanical heart valve prothesis | |
Thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy, partus and post partum | |
Dosage of LM-heparin (LMH) in thromboprophylaxis | |
Thromboprophylaxis at Caesarean section | |
Obstetric epidural/spinal analgesia (anaesthesia) | |
Complications during pregnancy | |
Thromboprophylaxis in legal and spontaneous abortions | |
Thromboprophylaxis in gynecological surgery | |
Oral contraceptives, hormone substitution and surgery | |
Investigation prior to artificial insemination | |
Investigation prior to oral contraceptives, advice concerning oral contraceptives | |
Investigation prior to post-climacteric substitution treatment (HRT=hormone replacement therapy) | |
Investigation in repeated miscarriages | |
Investigation in menorrhagia | |
Hemostatic Defects In Children | |
Bleedings | |
Introduction | |
Bleeding in newborns | |
Coagulation factor deficiencies | |
Acquired bleeding tendency | |
Thromboembolic disease in children | |
Introduction | |
Venous thrombosis | |
Sinus thrombosis | |
Arterial thrombosis | |
Stroke | |
Emergency Conditions Associated With Activation Of Coagulation | |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | |
Definition | |
Pathophysiology | |
Clinical picture | |
Laboratory diagnosis | |
Treatment | |
Coagulatopathy in septic shock | |
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | |
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TTP and HUS) | |
List of components and analyses | |
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