Essentials of Diagnosis & Treatment in Emergency Medicine

by Stone, C. Keith; Humphries, Roger

• ISBN13: 9780071440585
• ISBN10: 0071440585
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-03-11
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education / Medical

Summary

Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, TX. Pocket-sized guide offers one-page monographs on the diagnosis and treatment of situations encountered by emergency physicians. Contains more than 500 common traumas, conditions, and nontrauma emergencies in bulleted points. Also includes differential diagnosis, pearls, and references for each entry. Softcover.

Author Biography

C. Keith Stone, MD, Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas

Roger Humphries, MD, Residency Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky

Table of Contents

Contributors	xvii
Preface	xxiii
1. Shock	1	(6)
Anaphylactic Shock	1	(1)
Cardiogenic Shock	2	(1)
Hypovolemic Shock	3	(1)
Neurogenic Shock	4	(1)
Obstructive Shock	5	(1)
Septic Shock	6	(1)
2. Cardiac Emergencies	7	(30)
Acute Coronary Syndrome	7	(1)
Atrial Fibrillation	8	(1)
Atrial Flutter	9	(1)
Atrioventricular Block, First-Degree	10	(1)
Atrioventricular Block, Second-Degree, Type I (Mobitz Type I, Wenckebach)	11	(1)
Atrioventricular Block, Second-Degree, Type II (Mobitz Type II)	12	(1)
Atrioventricular Block, Third-Degree (Complete Heart Block)	13	(1)
Cardiac Tamponade	14	(1)
Cardiomyopathy	15	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	16	(1)
Hypertensive Crisis	17	(1)
Idioventricular Rhythm	18	(1)
Junctional Rhythm	19	(1)
Mitral Regurgitation, Acute	20	(1)
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia	21	(1)
Myocardial Infarction, Acute	22	(1)
Myocardial Rupture	23	(1)
Mycarditis	24	(1)
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia	25	(1)
Pericardial Effusion	26	(1)
Pericarditis	27	(1)
Sick Sinus Syndrome	28	(1)
Sinus Arrest	29	(1)
Sinus Bradycardia	30	(1)
Sinus Tachycardia	31	(1)
Torsades de Pointes	32	(1)
Ventricular Fibrillation	33	(1)
Ventricular Septal Rupture	34	(1)
Ventricular Tachycardia	35	(1)
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome	36	(1)
3. Pulmonary Emergencies	37	(12)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)	37	(1)
Aspiration Pneumonia	38	(1)
Asthma	39	(1)
Bronchitis	40	(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	41	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	42	(1)
Interstitial Pulmonary Disease	43	(1)
Pleural Effusion	44	(1)
Pneumonia	45	(1)
Pneumothorax, Spontaneous	46	(1)
Pulmonary Embolus	47	(1)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis	48	(1)
4. Gastrointestinal Emergencies	49	(29)
Appendicitis	49	(1)
Ascites	50	(1)
Biliary Colic	51	(1)
Boerhaave Syndrome	52	(1)
Cholangitis	53	(1)
Cholecystitis, Acute	54	(1)
Cirrhosis	55	(1)
Colitis, Ischemic	56	(1)
Colitis, Ulcerative	57	(1)
Crohn Disease	58	(1)
Diverticulitis	59	(1)
Diverticulosis	60	(1)
Gastritis	61	(1)
Gastroenteritis	62	(1)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	63	(1)
Hemorrhoids	64	(1)
Hepatic Abscess	65	(1)
Hepatic Encephalopathy	66	(1)
Hepatitis, Alcoholic	67	(1)
Hepatitis, Viral	68	(1)
Incarcerated Hernia	69	(1)
Intestinal Obstruction	70	(1)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	71	(1)
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome	72	(1)
Meckel Diverticulum	73	(1)
Pancreatitis, Acute	74	(1)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	75	(1)
Perforated Peptic Ulcer	76	(1)
Variceal Bleeding	77	(1)
5. Neurologic Emergencies	78	(20)
Bell's Palsy	78	(1)
Brain Abscess	79	(1)
Brain Tumor	80	(1)
Guillain-Barré Syndrome	81	(1)
Headache, Cluster	82	(1)
Headache, Migraine	83	(1)
Headache, Tension	84	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis	85	(1)
Poliomyelitis	86	(1)
Pseudotumor Cerebri	87	(1)
Seizure	88	(1)
Status Epilepticus	89	(1)
Stroke, Hemorrhagic (Intracerebral Hemorrhage)	90	(1)
Stroke, Ischemic	91	(1)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	92	(1)
Syncope	93	(1)
Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis)	94	(1)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)	95	(1)
Trigeminal Neuralgia	96	(1)
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome	97	(1)
6. Genitourinary Emergencies	98	(13)
Cystitis	98	(1)
Epididymitis	99	(1)
Fournier Gangrene	100	(1)
Hematuria	101	(1)
Orchitis	102	(1)
Paraphimosis	103	(1)
Phimosis	104	(1)
Priapism	105	(1)
Prostatitis	106	(1)
Pyelonephritis	107	(1)
Renal Colic	108	(1)
Renal Failure, Acute	109	(1)
Testicular Torsion	110	(1)
7. Vascular Emergencies	111	(8)
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	111	(1)
Acute Arterial Occlusion of Extremity Large Vessels	112	(1)
Acute Arterial Occlusion of Extremity Small Vessels	113	(1)
Aortic Dissection	114	(1)
Deep Vein Thrombosis	115	(1)
Mesenteric Ischemia	116	(1)
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome	117	(1)
Thrombophlebitis, Superficial	118	(1)
8. Hematologic Emergencies	119	(13)
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)	119	(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)	120	(1)
Hemophilia	121	(1)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	122	(1)
Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)	123	(1)
Mononucleosis	124	(1)
Multiple Myeloma	125	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia: Acute Chest Syndrome	126	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia: Pain Crisis	127	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia: Aplastic Crisis	128	(1)
Transfusion Reaction	129	(1)
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)	130	(1)
Von Willebrand Disease	131	(1)
9. Infectious Disease Emergencies	132	(21)
Cellulitis	132	(1)
Chancroid	133	(1)
Chlamydia	134	(1)
Clostridial Myonecrosis	135	(1)
Cryptococcal Meningitis	136	(1)
Disseminated Gonococcemia	137	(1)
Encephalitis	138	(1)
Erysipelas	139	(1)
Genital Herpes	140	(1)
Gonorrhea	141	(1)
Infective Endocarditis	142	(1)
Lyme Disease	143	(1)
Meningitis	144	(1)
Meningococcemia	145	(1)
Necrotizing Fasciitis	146	(1)
Osteomyelitis	147	(1)
Pneumocystis Pneumonia	148	(1)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever	149	(1)
Syphilis	150	(1)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	151	(1)
Trichomoniasis	152	(1)
10. Metabolic & Endocrine Emergencies	153	(13)
Adrenal Insufficiency, Acute	153	(1)
Central Diabetes Insipidus	154	(1)
Hyperglycemia without Ketosis	155	(1)
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)	156	(1)
Hypoglycemia	157	(1)
Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)	158	(1)
Ketoacidosis, Alcoholic (AKA)	159	(1)
Ketoacidosis, Diabetic (DKA)	160	(1)
Lactic Acidosis	161	(1)
Myxedema Coma	162	(1)
Pheochromocytoma	163	(1)
Pituitary Apoplexy	164	(1)
Thyroid Storm	165	(1)
11. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Emergencies	166	(14)
Hypercalcemia	166	(1)
Hyperkalemia	167	(1)
Hypermagnesemia	168	(1)
Hypernatremia	169	(1)
Hyperphosphatemia	170	(1)
Hypocalcemia	171	(1)
Hypokalemia	172	(1)
Hypomagnesemia	173	(1)
Hyponatremia	174	(1)
Hypophosphatemia	175	(1)
Metabolic Acidosis	176	(1)
Metabolic Alkalosis	177	(1)
Respiratory Acidosis	178	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis	179	(1)
12. Rheumatologic Emergencies	180	(12)
Ankylosing Spondylitis	180	(1)
Arthritis, Psoriatic	181	(1)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid	182	(1)
Arthritis, Septic	183	(1)
Arthritis, Traumatic	184	(1)
Bursitis	185	(1)
Gout	186	(1)
Osteoarthritis	187	(1)
Pseudogout	188	(1)
Reiter Syndrome	189	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	190	(1)
Tendonitis	191	(1)
13. Obstetric & Gynecologic Emergencies	192	(21)
Adnexal Torsion	192	(1)
Bartholin Abscess	193	(1)
Cervicitis, Mucopurulent	194	(1)
Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation)	195	(1)
Eclampsia	196	(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy	197	(1)
Endo metriosis	198	(1)
Endometritis, Postpartum	199	(1)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum	200	(1)
Mastitis, Postpartum	201	(1)
Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion)	202	(1)
Ovarian Cyst, Ruptured	203	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID; Salpingitis)	204	(1)
Placenta Previa	205	(1)
Placental Abruption	206	(1)
Preeclampsia	207	(1)
Septic Abortion	208	(1)
Sexual Assault	209	(1)
Tuboovarian Abscess (TOA)	210	(1)
Uterine Prolapse	211	(1)
Vaginitis	212	(1)
14. Eye Emergencies	213	(22)
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma	213	(1)
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis	214	(1)
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion	215	(1)
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion	216	(1)
Conjunctivitis	217	(1)
Corneal Abrasions	218	(1)
Corneal Foreign Bodies	219	(1)
Corneal Ulcer	220	(1)
Dacryocystitis, Dacryoadenitis	221	(1)
Hordeolum	222	(1)
Hyphema	223	(1)
Ocular Chemical Burns	224	(1)
Ocular Thermal Burns	225	(1)
Ocular Ultraviolet Burns	226	(1)
Orbital Cellulitis	227	(1)
Penetrating Eye Trauma	228	(1)
Preseptal Cellulitis	229	(1)
Retinal Detachment	230	(1)
Retinal Hemorrhage	231	(1)
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage	232	(1)
Uveitis	233	(1)
Vitreous Hemorrhage	234	(1)
15. ENT Emergencies	235	(16)
Benign Positional Vertigo	235	(1)
Croup	236	(1)
Dental Pain	237	(1)
Epiglottitis	238	(1)
Epistaxis	239	(1)
Mastoiditis	240	(1)
Ménière Disease	241	(1)
Nasal Foreign Body	242	(1)
Otitis Externa	243	(1)
Otitis Media	244	(1)
Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA)	245	(1)
Pharyngitis	246	(1)
Retropharyngeal Abscess	247	(1)
Sinusitis	248	(1)
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dislocation	249	(1)
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome	250	(1)
16. Head Trauma	251	(11)
Cerebral Contusion	251	(1)
Diffuse Axonal Injury	252	(1)
Hematoma, Epidural	253	(1)
Hematoma, Scalp	254	(1)
Hematoma, Subdural	255	(1)
Minor Head Injury	256	(1)
Skull Fracture, Basilar	257	(1)
Skull Fracture, Closed	258	(1)
Skull Fracture, Depressed	259	(1)
Skull Fracture, Open	260	(1)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic	261	(1)
17. Maxillofacial & Neck Trauma	262	(14)
Blunt Neck Trauma	262	(1)
External Ear Trauma	263	(1)
Frontal Sinus Fracture	264	(1)
Lacerations of the Auricle	265	(1)
Le Fort Fracture	266	(1)
Mandible Fracture	267	(1)
Nasal Fracture	268	(1)
Orbital Floor (Blowout) Fracture	269	(1)
Otohematoma	270	(1)
Penetrating Neck Trauma	271	(1)
Tooth Avulsion	272	(1)
Tooth Fracture	273	(1)
Tooth Subluxation	274	(1)
Zygomaticomaxillary Complex (ZMC) Fracture	275	(1)
18. Chest Trauma	276	(13)
Aortic Disruption	276	(1)
Chest Trauma, Penetrating	277	(1)
Esophageal Disruption	278	(1)
Flail Chest	279	(1)
Hemopericardium	280	(1)
Hemothorax	281	(1)
Myocardial Contusion	282	(1)
Pneumothorax	283	(1)
Pneumothorax, Open	284	(1)
Pneumothorax, Tension	285	(1)
Pulmonary Contusion	286	(1)
Rib Fracture	287	(1)
Sternal Fracture	288	(1)
19. Abdominal Trauma	289	(6)
Diaphragmatic Injury	289	(1)
Duodenal Injury	290	(1)
Intestinal Injury	291	(1)
Liver Injury	292	(1)
Pancreatic Injury	293	(1)
Splenic Injury	294	(1)
20. Genitourinary Trauma	295	(7)
Bladder Injury	295	(1)
Penile Fracture	296	(1)
Renal Injury	297	(1)
Testicular Injury	298	(1)
Urethral Injuries, Anterior	299	(1)
Urethral Injuries, Posterior	300	(1)
Vaginal Injury	301	(1)
21. Vertebral & Spinal Injuries	302	(10)
C1 Fracture	302	(1)
Cervical Strain	303	(1)
Clay Shoveler Fracture (Spinous Process Fracture)	304	(1)
Compression Fracture	305	(1)
Hangman Fracture	306	(1)
Locked Facets, Bilateral	307	(1)
Locked Facets, Unilateral (Unilateral Interfacetal Dislocation)	308	(1)
Odontoid Fracture	309	(1)
Spinal Cord Injury	310	(1)
Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality (SCIWORA)	311	(1)
22. Orthopedic Emergencies	312	(37)
Achilles Tendon Rupture	312	(1)
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Injury	313	(1)
Ankle Dislocation	314	(1)
Ankle Fracture	315	(1)
Calcaneus Fracture	316	(1)
Clavicle Fracture	317	(1)
Compartment Syndrome	318	(1)
Distal Femur Fracture	319	(1)
Elbow Dislocation	320	(1)
Femoral Shaft Fracture	321	(1)
Fibula Fracture	322	(1)
Forearm Fracture	323	(1)
Hip Fracture	324	(1)
Humerus Fracture	325	(1)
Knee Ligamentous Injury	326	(1)
Knee Dislocation	327	(1)
Meniscal Tear	328	(1)
Metatarsal Fracture	329	(1)
Olecranon Fracture	330	(1)
Osgood-Schlatter Disease	331	(1)
Patella Dislocation	332	(1)
Patella Fracture	333	(1)
Pelvic Fracture	334	(1)
Phalangeal Injury of the Foot	335	(1)
Radial Head Fracture	336	(1)
Radial Head Subluxation	337	(1)
Scapula Fracture	338	(1)
Shoulder Dislocation, Anterior	339	(1)
Shoulder Dislocation, Posterior	340	(1)
Sternoclavicular Dislocation	341	(1)
Subtalar Dislocation	342	(1)
Supracondylar Fracture	343	(1)
Talus Fracture	344	(1)
Tibial Plateau Fracture	345	(1)
Tibial Shaft Fracture	346	(1)
Traumatic Amputation	347	(1)
Wrist Fracture	348	(1)
23. Hand Emergencies	349	(22)
Boutonniere Deformity	349	(1)
Carpal Bone Fracture	350	(1)
Cellulitis	351	(1)
Extensor Tendon Laceration	352	(1)
Fascial Space Infection	353	(1)
Felon	354	(1)
Fingertip Amputation	355	(1)
Flexor Tendon Laceration	356	(1)
Gamekeeper's Thumb	357	(1)
Herpetic Whitlow	358	(1)
High-Pressure Injection Injury	359	(1)
Lunate Dislocation	360	(1)
Mallet Finger	361	(1)
Metacarpal Fracture	362	(1)
Nail Avulsion	363	(1)
Paronychia	364	(1)
Perilunate Dislocation	365	(1)
Phalangeal Dislocation	366	(1)
Phalangeal Fracture	367	(1)
Scapholunate Dissociation	368	(1)
Subungual Hematoma	369	(1)
Tenosynovitis	370	(1)
24. Dermatologic Emergencies	371	(16)
Angioedema	371	(1)
Contact Dermatitis	372	(1)
Erythema Multiforme Major (Steven-Johnson Syndrome)	373	(1)
Erythema Multiforme Minor	374	(1)
Herpes Simplex	375	(1)
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)	376	(1)
Impetigo	377	(1)
Molluscum Contagiosum	378	(1)
Pediculosis	379	(1)
Pityriasis Rosea	380	(1)
Psoriasis	381	(1)
Scabies	382	(1)
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome	383	(1)
Tinea	384	(1)
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis	385	(1)
Urticaria	386	(1)
25. Psychiatric Emergencies	387	(9)
Alcohol Dependence	387	(1)
Alcohol Withdrawal	388	(1)
Bipolar Affective Disorder	389	(1)
Depression	390	(1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	391	(1)
Panic Disorder	392	(1)
Personality Disorders	393	(1)
Psychotic Disorders	394	(1)
Somatoform Disorder	395	(1)
26. Emergencies Due to Physical & Environmental Agents	396	(31)
Acute Mountain Sickness	396	(1)
Arterial Gas Embolism	397	(1)
Bee & Wasp Stings	398	(1)
Black Widow Spider Bite	399	(1)
Brown Recluse Spider Bite	400	(1)
Cat Bite	401	(1)
Ciguatera Toxin Poisoning	402	(1)
Decompression Sickness	403	(1)
Dog Bite	404	(1)
Electric Shock & Burns	405	(1)
Frostbite	406	(1)
Heat Illness	407	(1)
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema	408	(1)
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema	409	(1)
Hydrofluoric Acid Exposure	410	(1)
Immersion Syndrome (Trench Foot)	411	(1)
Jellyfish Envenomation	412	(1)
Lightning Injury	413	(1)
Near Drowning	414	(1)
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning	415	(1)
Puffer Fish (Tetrodotoxin) Poisoning	416	(1)
Rabies	417	(1)
Radiation Injury	418	(1)
Scombroid Poisoning	419	(1)
Scorpion Sting	420	(1)
Sea Snake Envenomation	421	(1)
Smoke Inhalation	422	(1)
Snakebite	423	(1)
Stingray Envenomation	424	(1)
Tetanus	425	(1)
Thermal Burns	426	(1)
27. Poisoning	427	(34)
Acetaminophen	427	(1)
Amphetamines & Other Related Stimulants	428	(1)
Anticholinergics	429	(1)
Arsenic	430	(1)
β-Adrenergic Blocking Agents	431	(1)
Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents	432	(1)
Carbon Monoxide	433	(1)
Caustics & Corrosives	434	(1)
Cocaine & Local Anesthetics	435	(1)
Cyanide	436	(1)
Digoxin	437	(1)
Drug-Induced Methemoglobinemia	438	(1)
Ethanol	439	(1)
Ehtylene Glycol & Methanol	440	(1)
Hydrocarbons	441	(1)
Iron	442	(1)
Isoniazid	443	(1)
Isopropanol	444	(1)
Lead	445	(1)
Lithium	446	(1)
Mercury	447	(1)
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	448	(1)
Opiates	449	(1)
Organophosphates & Other Cholinesterase Inhibitors	450	(1)
Phencyclidine	451	(1)
Phenothiazines & Other Antipsychotics	452	(1)
Poisonous Mushrooms	453	(1)
Salicylates	454	(1)
Sedative-Hypnotics	455	(1)
Serotonin Antagonists	456	(1)
Serotonin Syndrome	457	(1)
Theophylline	458	(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants	459	(1)
Warfarin & Other Anticoagulants	460	(1)
28. Pediatric Emergencies	461	(29)
Apnea	461	(1)
Appendicitis	462	(1)
Asthma	463	(1)
Bronchiolitis	464	(1)
Colic	465	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	466	(1)
Dehydration	467	(1)
Esophageal Foreign Body	468	(1)
Exanthems	469	(1)
Febrile Seizure	470	(2)
Fever in Children Aged less than 3 Months 471
Fever in Children Aged 3-36 Months	472	(1)
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome	473	(1)
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura	474	(1)
Intussusception	475	(1)
Meckel Diverticulum	476	(1)
Meningitis	477	(1)
Osteomyelitis	478	(1)
Otitis Media, Acute	479	(1)
Periorbital Cellulitis	480	(1)
Pharyngitis	481	(1)
Physical Abuse	482	(1)
Pneumonia	483	(1)
Pyloric Stenosis	484	(1)
Septic Arthritis	485	(1)
Sexual Abuse	486	(1)
Upper Airway Obstruction	487	(1)
Urinary Tract Infection	488	(1)
Volvulus	489	(1)
29. Nuclear, Biologic, & Chemical Agents of Terrorism	490	(9)
Anthrax	490	(1)
Botulinum Toxin	491	(1)
Cyanide Agents	492	(1)
G Agents & VX	493	(1)
Hemorrhagic Fever	494	(1)
Plague	495	(1)
Q Fever	496	(1)
Smallpox	497	(1)
Sulfur Mustard	498	(1)
Index	499