Ethics in Global Health Research, Policy and Practice

by Macklin, Ruth

• ISBN13: 9780199890453
• ISBN10: 0199890455
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-05-29
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This is a collection of Ruth Macklin's previously published articles that appeared in scholarly journals or as chapters in books. Dr. Macklin's pioneering work in ethics and global health spans more than two decades. The articles in this volume range from a chapter in a book published in1989 to a journal article currently in press. The essays fall into two broad categories: policy and practice, and multinational research. Topics in the first category include cultural beliefs and attitudes regarding family planning, long-acting contraception, abortion, and more broadly, policiesand practices affecting women's health. Two essays dealing with justice focus on HIV/AIDS: how developing country governments might distribute medications fairly to all who are in need; and what obligations do industrialized countries and world leaders have to provide affordable medications to developing countries. A theme that runsthroughout the essays is a defense of the universality of ethical principles, despite cultural differences that exist around the globe. The section on multinational research includes articles on international ethics guidance documents, such as the Declaration of Helsinki; discussion of theobligations of researchers and sponsors when they conduct research in developing countries; what constitutes exploitation when research is conducted in resource-poor countries; and, as in the first section of the book, the application of universal ethical principles to the global researchenterprise. The author criticizes the view that double standards in research are acceptable: one standard for rich countries, and a lower standard for developing countries. Several essays deal with sensitive and controversial ethical aspects of research on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. ix
Introduction	p. xiii
Policy and Practice	p. 1
Ethics and Human Values in Family Planning: Perspectives of Different Cultural and Religious Settings	p. 3
Abortion Controversies: Ethics, Politics, and Religion	p. 23
Cultural Difference and Long-Acting Contraception	p. 43
Respect for Tradition	p. 63
Ethics and Equity in Access to HIV Treatment: 3 by 5 Initiative	p. 85
Affordable and Accessible Drugs for Developing Countries: Recent Developments	p. 115
Global Inequalities in Women's Health: Who Is Responsible for Doing What?	p. 131
Toward a Theory of Vulnerability	p. 149
Multinational Research	p. 169
Universality of the Nuremberg Code	p. 171
A Defense of Fundamental Principles and Human Rights: A Response to Robert Baker	p. 191
Justice in International Research	p. 209
Is Ethics Universal?: Gender, Science, and Culture in Reproductive Health Research?	p. 227
After Helsinki: Unresolved Issues in International Research	p. 249
Four Forward-Looking Guidance Points	p. 269
Avoiding Exploitation	p. 281
Yet Another Guideline?: The UNESCO Draft Declaration	p. 313
Appropriate Ethical Standards	p. 321
The Declaration of Helsinki: Another Revision	p. 341
Intertwining Biomedical Research and Public Health in HIV Microbicide Research	p. 347
Ethical Challenges in HIV Microbicide Research: What Protections Do Women Need?	p. 367
Index	p. 387
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