Evaluating Practice: Guidelines for the Accountable Professional (with FREE SINGWIN CD-ROM)

by Bloom, Martin; Fischer, Joel; Orme, John G.

• ISBN13: 9780205342617
• ISBN10: 0205342612
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover w/CD
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Now with a free SINGWIN CD-ROM, Evaluating Practice, Fourth Edition, makes understanding and applying data anaylsis even easier for students and instructors.Unsurpassed among human service evaluation texts, Evaluating Practice, includes the innovative SINGWIN program, created by Charles Auerbach, David Schnall, and Heidi Heft Laporte of Yeshiva University.The text instructs students and instructors on managing cases and charting and filling out scales. Although the authors are best known within the social work discipline, this text can also be used in other professional programs such as nursing, counseling, psychology, and psychiatry.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Prologue	1	(32)
PART I WHAT ARE YOU GETTING INTO?	33	(22)
Integrating Evaluation and Practice	35	(20)
Introduction to Single-System Designs	36	(1)
What Are Single-System Designs?	37	(6)
Single-System Designs and Classical Research: The Knowledge-Building Context	43	(5)
Single-System Evaluation, Qualitative Research, and Quantitative Research	48	(2)
Advantages of Using Single-System Designs in Practice	50	(1)
A Walk through the Evaluation Process	51	(3)
Summary	54	(1)
PART II CONCEPTUALIZING AND MEASURING TARGETS AND OBJECTIVES/GOALS	55	(270)
Basic Principles of Conceptualization and Measurement	57	(29)
Introduction	58	(1)
What Is Measurements	58	(2)
Definition as a First Step in Measurement	60	(1)
Can Everything Be Measured?	61	(1)
Key Characteristics of All Measures	62	(22)
Summary	84	(2)
Specifying Problems and Goals	86	(30)
Introduction: From General Problems to Specific Targets of Intervention	87	(1)
Specifying Client Concerns: Identifying and Clarifying Problems and Potentials	88	(9)
Specifying Goals and Objectives	97	(5)
Using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) to Establish Goals	102	(3)
Setting Goals in Groups	105	(2)
Problems and Issues in Setting Goals	107	(7)
Summary	114	(2)
Developing a Measurement and Recording Plan	116	(47)
Introduction	117	(1)
Steps in Developing a Recording Plan	118	(8)
Charting: Putting Your Information on Graphs	126	(8)
Problem-Oriented Records (POR)	134	(3)
Computerized Recording	137	(1)
Summary	138	(25)
Computer Assisted Social Services (CASS): A User's Guide	139	(17)
Appendix: Installing Cass	156	(7)
Behavioral Observation	163	(31)
Introduction	164	(2)
General Guidelines for Behavioral Observation	166	(2)
Sampling Behaviors	168	(5)
Instruments for Recording Behaviors	173	(2)
Ensuring Accurate Observations	175	(4)
Methods of Recording Behavior	179	(10)
Analog Situations	189	(2)
Recording Behavior in Groups	191	(2)
Summary	193	(1)
Individualized Rating Scales	194	(17)
Introduction	194	(2)
Uses of Individualized Rating Scales	196	(3)
Constructing and Using Individualized Rating Scales	199	(11)
Summary	210	(1)
Standardized Questionnaires	211	(66)
Introduction	212	(1)
What Are Standardized Questionnaires?	212	(4)
Selecting a Standardized Questionnaire	216	(9)
Administering a Standardized Questionnaire	225	(3)
Some Available Standardized Self-Report Questionnaires	228	(26)
Some Available Standardized Questionnaires for Practitioners	254	(3)
Some Available Standardized Questionnaires for Relevant Others	257	(4)
Some Available Standardized Questionnaires for Independent Observers	261	(1)
Do-It-Yourself Questionnaires	261	(1)
Using Standardized Questionnaires in Groups	262	(1)
Computer Management of Standardized Questionnaires	263	(1)
Summary	264	(1)
Appendix	265	(12)
Computer Assisted Assessment Package (CAAP): A User's Guide	267	(10)
Logs	277	(19)
Introduction	277	(1)
Types of Client Logs	278	(10)
Putting Qualitative and Quantitative Information Together	288	(3)
Introducing Clients to Logs	291	(1)
Practitioner Logs	292	(1)
Maximizing and Verifying the Reliability and Validity of Logs	293	(2)
Summary	295	(1)
Reactivity and Nonreactive Measures	296	(16)
Introduction	296	(2)
Reactivity of Measures	298	(4)
Unobtrusive (Nonreactive) Measures	302	(9)
Summary	311	(1)
Selecting a Measure	312	(13)
Introduction	312	(1)
Considerations in Deciding on a Measure	313	(4)
Use of Multiple Measures	317	(5)
Selecting a Measure	322	(1)
Summary	322	(3)
PART III EVALUATION DESIGNS	325	(188)
Basic Principles of Single-System Designs	327	(37)
Introduction	328	(1)
An Example Connecting Practice and Evaluation Designs	328	(2)
Purposes of Single-System Designs	330	(1)
Unique Characteristics of Single-System Designs	331	(16)
Causality in Single-System Designs	347	(6)
External Validity and Generalizability	353	(7)
Overview of Single-System Designs	360	(3)
Summary	363	(1)
Baselining	364	(16)
Introduction	364	(1)
Purposes of the Baseline	365	(2)
Types of Baselines	367	(1)
How Long Should Baselining Continue?	368	(6)
When Are Baselines Not Necessary?	374	(1)
Issues Regarding Baselining	375	(4)
Summary	379	(1)
From the Case Study to the Basic Single-System Design: A-B	380	(20)
Introduction	380	(1)
Case Studies or Predesigns	381	(5)
Design A-B: The Basic Single-System Design	386	(13)
Summary	399	(1)
The Experimental Single-System Designs; A-B-A, A-B-A-B, B-A-B	400	(28)
Introduction	401	(3)
Basic Experimental Designs	404	(23)
Summary	427	(1)
Multiple Designs for Single Systems	428	(30)
Introduction	429	(1)
Multiple-Baseline Designs: Across Problems, Clients, or Settings	429	(23)
Multiple-Target Designs	452	(2)
Variations on Multiple Designs	454	(2)
Summary	456	(2)
Changing Intensity Designs and Successive Intervention Designs	458	(23)
Introduction	455	(4)
Changing Intensity Designs: A-B1-B2-B3	459	(11)
Successive Intervention Designs: A-B-C, A-B-A-C, A-B-A-C-A	470	(10)
Summary	480	(1)
Complex and Combined Designs	481	(15)
Introduction	481	(1)
Alternating Intervention Design: A-B/C-(B or C)	482	(7)
Interaction Design: A-B-A-B-BC-B-BC	489	(6)
Summary	495	(1)
Selecting a Design	496	(17)
Introduction	496	(1)
Framework for Selecting a Design	496	(3)
Needed; A Design for All Seasons	499	(1)
Creativity in Single-System Designs: Making Your Own Designs	499	(2)
Evaluation in Minimal-Contact Situations	501	(5)
Single-System Designs in Managed Care: The Stretch Design	506	(1)
Trouble-Shooting: ``Okay, I Understand Everything That You Said, but My Case Is Different.''	507	(4)
Summary	511	(2)
PART IV ANALYZING YOUR RESULTS	513	(144)
Basic Principles of Analysis	515	(39)
Introduction	516	(1)
Distinguishing Effort, Effectiveness, and Efficiency	516	(2)
Significance-Practical, Statistical, and Theoretical	518	(6)
Evaluating Goal Achievement	524	(1)
Issues in Analysis of Data	525	(6)
Computer Analysis of Data for Single-System Designs	531	(1)
The Issue of Autocorrelation	532	(6)
Tools in Analysis of Data	538	(14)
Summary	552	(2)
Visual Analysis of Single-System Design Data	554	(15)
Introduction	554	(1)
Definition of Terms	554	(3)
Basic Patterns and Implications	557	(5)
Visual Inspection of Raw Data	562	(2)
Interpreting Ambiguous Patterns	564	(2)
Problems of Visual Inspection	566	(2)
Creating a Chart with SINGWIN	568	(1)
Summary	568	(1)
Descriptive Statistics	569	(26)
Introduction	569	(1)
Measures of Central Tendency	570	(4)
Measures of Variation	574	(2)
Computing and Graphing Measures of Central Tendency and Variation with SINGWIN	576	(1)
Measures of Trend	576	(5)
Measures of Effect Size	581	(11)
Optimal Uses and Cautions for Specific Descriptive Statistics	592	(2)
Summary	594	(1)
Tests of Statistical Significance for Single-System Designs	595	(19)
Introduction	595	(1)
Proportion/Frequency Approach	596	(4)
Three-Standard-Deviation-Band Approach (X-Moving Range-Chart)	600	(5)
Chi-Square	605	(4)
t-Test	609	(1)
General Considerations in Using Tests of Statistical Significance	610	(2)
Optimal Uses and Cautions for Specific Analytic Procedures	612	(1)
Summary	613	(1)
Computer Analysis of Single-System Design Data	614	(37)
Chapter Overview	615	(1)
Starting SINGWIN	616	(1)
Exiting SINGWIN	616	(1)
Getting the Big Picture	617	(1)
Using Specific Procedures	618	(28)
Appendix: Installing SINGWIN	646	(4)
Summary	650	(1)
Selecting a Procedure for Analyzing Data	651	(6)
Introduction	651	(1)
Framework for Selecting a Procedure for Analyzing Data	651	(2)
Other Statistical Considerations	653	(2)
Nonstatistical Considerations	655	(1)
Limitations	655	(1)
Summary	656	(1)
PART V THE CHALLENGE OF SINGLE-SYSTEM DESIGNS	657	(32)
Not for Practitioners Alone	659	(30)
Introduction	660	(1)
Special Applications of Single-System Designs	660	(5)
Recent Criticisms of Single-System Evaluation	665	(9)
For the Client	674	(6)
For the Administrator	680	(6)
For Educators and Students	686	(2)
Summary	688	(1)
References	689	(24)
Name Index	713	(6)
Subject Index	719