Is Everyone Really Equal?

by Sensoy, Ozlem; Diangelo, Robin

• ISBN13: 9780807752708
• ISBN10: 0807752703
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-10-21
• Publisher: Teachers College Pr

Summary

This practical handbook will introduce readers to social justice education, providing tools for developing "critical social justice literacy" and for taking action towards a more just society.

Author Biography

zlem Sensoy is an assistant professor of education at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada. Robin DiAngelo is an assistant professor of education at Westfield State University, Westfield, Massachusetts.

Table of Contents

Series Foreword	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
What Is "Critical Social Justice"?	p. xvii
Chapter Summaries	p. xix
Prologue	p. xxiii
A Parable: Hodja and the Foreigner	p. xxiii
Layers of the Parable	p. xxiv
Critical Thinking and Critical Theory	p. 1
Two Dimensions of Thinking Critically About Knowledge	p. 2
A Brief Overview of Critical Theory	p. 4
Why Theory Matters	p. 6
Knowledge Construction	p. 7
Example of Knowledge as Socially Constructed	p. 10
Thinking Critically About Opinions	p. 10
Socialization	p. 14
What Is Socialization?	p. 15
Cultural Norms and Conformity	p. 17
"You" in Relation to the "Groups" to Which You Belong	p. 21
Prejudice and Discrimination	p. 28
Prejudice	p. 29
Discrimination	p. 32
All Humans Have Prejudice and Discriminate	p. 34
Oppression and Power	p. 38
What Is Oppression?	p. 39
Social Stratification	p. 41
Understanding the "isms"	p. 43
Internalized Dominance	p. 49
Internalized Oppression	p. 49
Hegemony, Ideology, and Power	p. 50
Privilege	p. 57
What Is Privilege?	p. 58
External and Structural Dimensions of Privilege	p. 59
Internal and Attitudinal Dimensions of Privilege	p. 65
Common Dominant Group Misconceptions About Privilege	p. 74
The Invisibility of Oppression	p. 79
What Is an Institution?	p. 80
An Example: Sexism Today	p. 80
What Makes Sexism Difficult to See?	p. 82
Discourses of Sexism in Advertising	p. 84
Discourses of Sexism in Movies	p. 87
Discourses of Sexism in Music Videos	p. 89
Racism	p. 96
What Is Race?	p. 97
A Brief History of the Social Construction of Race in the United States	p. 98
A Brief History of the Social Construction of Race in Canada	p. 99
What Is Racism?	p. 100
Two Key Challenges to Understanding Racism	p. 102
Racism Today	p. 104
Dynamics of White Racial Superiority	p. 109
Dynamics of Internalized Racial Oppression	p. 112
Racism and Intersectionality	p. 115
Racism as White Supremacy	p. 118
What is Whiteness?	p. 119
White Supremacy in the Global Context	p. 120
Common White Misconceptions about Racism	p. 123
Yeah, But…" Common Rebuttals	p. 130
Claiming That Schools Are Politically Neutral	p. 131
Dismissing Social Justice Scholarship as Merely the Radical and Personal Opinions of Individual "Left Wing" Professors	p. 132
Citing Exceptions to the Rule	p. 132
Arguing That Oppression Is Just "Human Nature"	p. 133
Appealing to a Universalized Humanity	p. 134
Insisting on Immunity from Socialization	p. 134
Ignoring Intersectionality	p. 135
Refusing to Recognize Structural and Institutional Power	p. 136
Rejecting the Politics of Language	p. 137
Invalidating Claims of Oppression as Over-Sensitivity	p. 138
Reasoning That If Choice Is Involved It Can't Be Oppression	p. 140
Positioning Social Justice Education as Something "Extra"	p. 141
Using Guilt to Excuse Inaction	p. 142
Putting It All Together	p. 145
Recognize How Relations of Unequal Social Power Are Constantly Being Negotiated	p. 146
Understand Our Own Positions Within Relations of Unequal Power	p. 149
Think Critically About Knowledge	p. 154
Act in Service of a More Just Society	p. 158
Appendix: How to Engage Constructively in Courses That Take a Critical Social Justice Approach	p. 165
Glossary	p. 180
References	p. 189
Index	p. 200
About the Authors	p. 214
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