What is included with this book?
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
Introduction to Excavation Safety and Shoring Design | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Excavation Work Categories | p. 2 |
Basic Excavation Terminology | p. 3 |
Excavation Industry Makeup | p. 5 |
Excavation Safety Regulation | p. 6 |
The State and Federal Rule-Making Process | p. 11 |
Excavation Safety Concepts and Solutions | p. 15 |
References | p. 21 |
Engineering Structural Principles for Shoring Design | p. 23 |
Introduction | p. 23 |
Forces | p. 25 |
Beam Properties | p. 33 |
Factor of Safety | p. 38 |
Allowable Stress Design | p. 38 |
Construction Engineering Design | p. 42 |
Steel I Beams Used for Shoring | p. 44 |
References | p. 46 |
Excavation Work Planning | p. 47 |
Introduction | p. 47 |
Excavation Planning Responsibilities of the Design Engineer | p. 47 |
Excavation Planning Responsibilities of the Contractor | p. 53 |
Legal Requirements to Generate an Excavation Plan | p. 58 |
Elements of an Excavation Plan | p. 61 |
Design Standards for Excavation Plans and Shoring Systems | p. 69 |
Standard Practice for Designing Open Cut Excavations | p. 70 |
Standard Practice for Shored Excavation Design | p. 74 |
Short-Term Soil Loading | p. 82 |
Allowable Strength of Shoring Materials | p. 83 |
References | p. 88 |
Existing Subsurface Installations and Outside Force Damage Protection | p. 89 |
Introduction | p. 89 |
Major Players in the Process of Existing Facility Depiction | p. 90 |
Existing Buried Infrastructure | p. 92 |
Pipeline Safety Regulations | p. 99 |
Federal Regulations | p. 100 |
Worker Protection Regulations | p. 102 |
State Regulations | p. 102 |
Existing Subsurface Utility Location Standard Practice | p. 105 |
Project Design Phase Collection and Depiction of Subsurface Facilities | p. 106 |
Utility Location Surface Marking Prior to Production Excavation Work | p. 108 |
Comments on Precise Line Locating Work | p. 110 |
Surface Damage to Underground Facilities from Wheel Loads | p. 113 |
Determining Traffic and Soil Loading Pressure on Existing Pipes | p. 114 |
Support of Exposed Underground Facilities | p. 118 |
Requirements for Protection of Exposed Existing Facilities | p. 119 |
Pipe Support Plan | p. 120 |
Open Trench Traffic Bridges | p. 123 |
Road Plate Installation Considerations | p. 125 |
Road Plate Engineering | p. 127 |
Road Plate Handling and Safety Issues | p. 133 |
Trench Bridges for Larger Spans | p. 134 |
References | p. 136 |
Interpreting Soils Information for Excavation Planning and Shoring Design | p. 137 |
Introduction | p. 137 |
Soil Classification System | p. 138 |
Attributes of Soils in General | p. 138 |
Cohesive and Noncohesive Soils | p. 141 |
Fundamental Design Properties of Soils | p. 145 |
Reading Soils Reports and Bore Logs for Shoring Design | p. 151 |
Determining Shoring Design Parameters and Basic Properties of Soils from Soils Reports-Watertable [down triangle, open], [phi], and c | p. 156 |
Geotechnical Report Recommendations | p. 156 |
Developing Shoring Design Parameters from Boring Logs and Soil Test Data | p. 158 |
OSHA Appendix A Soil Classification System and Type A, B, and C Soil | p. 163 |
Comment on Appendix A and Standard Practice Shoring Application Today | p. 165 |
Determining OSHA Appendix A Soil Types Using Bore Logs | p. 173 |
References | p. 175 |
Excavation Stability and Shoring Design Loads | p. 177 |
Soil Loading on Excavation Shoring Systems | p. 177 |
Earth Pressure Theories, Active, at Rest, and Passive Soil Pressure | p. 178 |
Rankine Earth Pressure Theory | p. 181 |
Coulomb Earth Pressure Theory | p. 184 |
Log-Spiral Theory | p. 187 |
Use of Earth Pressure Theories | p. 189 |
Apparent Soil Pressure Diagrams for Braced Cuts | p. 191 |
Important Information Resulting from Studies of Deep Excavations | p. 193 |
Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram for Cuts in Noncohesive Soils | p. 194 |
Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram for Cuts in Cohesive Soils | p. 196 |
Pressure Diagrams for OSHA Appendix A Soil Types | p. 200 |
Soil Arching Theory | p. 204 |
References | p. 206 |
Surcharge Loading, Base Stability, and Surface Settlement | p. 209 |
Surcharge Loads | p. 209 |
Calculating Surcharge Loads | p. 211 |
Surcharge Load Cases | p. 215 |
Surcharge Load Decisions for the Competent Person | p. 223 |
Railroad Cooper E-80 Loading | p. 226 |
Base Stability of Excavations and Surface Settlement | p. 233 |
Structural Base Deterioration During the Construction Process | p. 234 |
Bottom Stability in Noncohesive Soils | p. 234 |
Bottom Stability in Cohesive Soils | p. 239 |
Prediction and Control of Deflection and Settlement from Shoring and Excavation Operations | p. 243 |
Ground Loss in Excavations to 20 ft Deep Shored with Trench Jacks and Shoring Shields | p. 244 |
Ground Loss in Excavations Shored with Slide Rail, H-Pile and Lagging, and Sheet Piles | p. 246 |
References | p. 268 |
Slope Stability and Open Cut Worker Protection Systems | p. 271 |
Introduction | p. 271 |
Recognizing Project Design Inherent Slope Stability Problems and Sloped Option Eliminators | p. 272 |
Slope Stability Sensitive Projects | p. 275 |
Factors Affecting Slope Stability in Excavations | p. 276 |
Open Cut Sloping Worker Protection Designed under OSHA Requirements | p. 279 |
Excerpts from OSHA 1926 Subpart P Regarding Open Cut Worker Protection with Commentary | p. 279 |
OSHA 1926 Subpart P Appendix B-Sloping and Benching with Commentary | p. 281 |
OSHA Appendix B-Sloping and Benching Slope Configurations | p. 292 |
Open Cut Plans by a Registered Engineer | p. 296 |
Engineered Design Philosophy for Open Cut Excavation Plans | p. 297 |
Open Cut Excavation Safety Issues | p. 298 |
References | p. 299 |
Shoring Systems Selected from Tabulated Data | p. 301 |
Introduction | p. 301 |
Timber Shoring | p. 302 |
Timber Shoring Design Using Tabulated Data | p. 303 |
Timber Shoring Design by a Registered Engineer | p. 307 |
Equivalent Section | p. 320 |
Soil Arching and Timber Lagging | p. 321 |
Equivalent Steel Lagging Section for Timber Lagging | p. 324 |
Timber Shoring Safety Issues | p. 326 |
Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring | p. 327 |
Basic Theory of How Trench Jacks Work | p. 328 |
Trench Jack Engineering | p. 334 |
Development of Trench Jack Tabulated Data | p. 352 |
Safe Handling and Use of Trench Jacks | p. 356 |
Trench Jack Use Criteria | p. 360 |
Trench Jack Shoring Design by a Registered Engineer | p. 363 |
High-Clearance Shores | p. 366 |
High-Clearance Shore Engineering and Tabulated Data | p. 366 |
High-Clearance Shore Use and Safety Issues | p. 372 |
High-Clearance Shoring Design by a Registered Engineer | p. 373 |
Waler Rails | p. 375 |
Waler Rail Engineering and Tabulated Data | p. 376 |
Sheeting Requirements for Waler Rail System | p. 381 |
Hydraulic Shoring Boxes Constructed from Waler Rails | p. 384 |
Waler Rail Installation and Safety Issues | p. 385 |
Waler Rail Design by a Civil Engineer | p. 385 |
Shoring Shields | p. 386 |
Shoring Shield Conditions for Use | p. 386 |
Shoring Shield Size and Nomenclature | p. 389 |
Shoring Shield Manufacturing and Engineering | p. 392 |
Orthotropic Plate Design | p. 392 |
Shoring Shield Safety Issues | p. 404 |
Shoring Shield Plan by a Registered Engineer | p. 407 |
Manhole Boxes | p. 411 |
Manhole Box Safety Issues | p. 412 |
Aluminum Shields and Build-a-Box | p. 412 |
Aluminum Shields and Build-a-Box Safety Issues | p. 413 |
Arch Spreaders | p. 413 |
Arch Spreader Design and Tabulated Data | p. 414 |
Arch Spreader Safety Issues | p. 417 |
Slide Rail | p. 418 |
Slide Rail Use and Comparison to Pile Systems | p. 420 |
Slide Rail Components and Installation | p. 422 |
Slide Rail Use with Tabulated Data | p. 425 |
Slide Rail Design by a Registered Engineer | p. 427 |
Slide Rail Rebrace System | p. 430 |
Slide Rail Safety Issues | p. 432 |
References | p. 435 |
OSHA Subpart P, Excavations and Commentary | p. 437 |
OSHA Appendix A, Soil Classification and Commentary | p. 471 |
Index | p. 495 |
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