Experiencing Intercultural Communication : An Introduction

by Martin, Judith N.; Nakayama, Thomas K.

• ISBN13: 9780072862898
• ISBN10: 0072862890
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-06-28
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This introductory text covers the core concepts of intercultural communication and offers students a basic skill-building framework designed to be used every day for communicating across cultures. By using the "building blocks" of the framework in different ways, students will understand the complexities of intercultural interaction and learn about other cultures as well as their relationships with their own culture.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART I: Foundations of Intercultural Communication
Chapter 1 Studying Intercultural Communication	1	(24)
The Peace Imperative	3	(2)
The Economic Imperative	5	(3)
The Workplace	5	(1)
The Global Economy	6	(2)
The Technological Imperative	8	(3)
Technology and Human Communication	8	(2)
Mobility and Its Effect on Communication	10	(1)
The Demographic Imperative	11	(6)
Changing U.S. Demographics	11	(6)
Changing Immigration Patterns	17	(1)
The Self-Awareness Imperative	17	(1)
The Ethical Imperative	18	(4)
Ethical Judgments and Cultural Values	18	(2)
Becoming an Ethical Student of Culture	20	(2)
Summary	22	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	22	(1)
Activities	23	(1)
Endnotes	23	(2)
Chapter 2 Intercultural Communication: Building Blocks and Barriers	25	(32)
Building Block 1: Culture	27	(5)
Culture Is Learned	27	(1)
Culture Involves Perception and Values	28	(1)
Culture Is Shared	29	(1)
Culture Is Expressed as Behavior	30	(1)
Culture Is Dynamic and Heterogeneous	31	(1)
Building Block 2: Communication	32	(12)
Culture and Communication	35	(10)
Communication, Cultural Worldviews, and Values	35	(8)
Communication and Cultural Rituals	43	(1)
Communication and Resistance to the Dominant Culture	44	(1)
Building Block 3: Context	44	(1)
Building Block 4: Power	45	(8)
Barriers to Intercultural Communication	46	(14)
Ethnocentrism	46	(1)
Stereotyping	47	(3)
Prejudice	50	(1)
Discrimination	51	(2)
Summary	53	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	54	(1)
Activities	54	(1)
Endnotes	55	(2)
Chapter 3 History and Intercultural Communication	57	(22)
From History to Histories	60	(4)
Political, Intellectual, and Social Histories	60	(1)
Family Histories	60	(1)
National Histories	61	(1)
Cultural Group Histories	62	(1)
The Power of Other Histories	63	(1)
History and Identity	64	(8)
Histories as Stories	64	(1)
Nonmainstream Histories	65	(7)
Intercultural Communication and History	72	(2)
Historical Legacies	74	(2)
Summary	76	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	76	(1)
Activities	77	(1)
Endnotes	77	(2)
Chapter 4 Identity and Intercultural Communication	79	(35)
Understanding Identity	81	(4)
Identities Are Created Through Communication	81	(1)
Identities Are Created in Spurts	81	(1)
Identities Are Multiple	82	(1)
Identities Are Influenced by Society	82	(2)
Identities Are Dynamic	84	(1)
Identities Are Developed in Different Ways in Different Cultures	84	(1)
Social and Cultural Identities	85	(11)
Gender Identity	85	(1)
Sexual Identity	86	(1)
Age Identity	87	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Identity	88	(3)
Physical Ability Identity	91	(1)
Religious Identity	91	(1)
Class Identity	92	(1)
National Identity	93	(1)
Regional Identity	94	(1)
Personal Identity	95	(1)
Identity Development	96	(6)
Minority Identity Development	96	(2)
Majority Identity Development	98	(2)
Characteristics of Whiteness	100	(2)
Multicultural Identity	102	(6)
Multiracial People	102	(2)
Identity and Adaptation	104	(2)
Living "On the Border"	106	(1)
Post-Ethnicity	107	(1)
Identity, Language, and Intercultural Communication	108	(1)
Summary	109	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	110	(1)
Activities	110	(1)
Endnotes	111	(3)
PART II: Intercultural Communication Processes
Chapter 5 Verbal Issues in Intercultural Communication	114	(34)
The Study of Language	116	(5)
The Components of Language	116	(3)
Language and Perception	119	(2)
Cultural Variations in Language	121	(8)
Attitudes Toward Speaking, Writing, and Silence	122	(1)
Variations in Communication Style	123	(4)
Variations in Contextual Rules	127	(2)
Communicating Across Differences	129	(1)
Language and Power	130	(8)
Language and Social Position	130	(1)
Assimilation Strategies	131	(1)
Accommodation Strategies	132	(1)
Separation Strategies	133	(1)
The "Power" Effects of Labels	134	(4)
Moving Between Languages	138	(7)
Multilingualism	138	(3)
Translation and Interpretation	141	(2)
Language Politics and Policies	143	(2)
Summary	145	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	145	(1)
Activities 146
Endnotes	146	(2)
Chapter 6 Nonverbal Communication Issues	148	(25)
Defining Nonverbal Communication	149	(4)
Comparing Verbal and Nonverbal Communication	150	(1)
What Nonverbal Behavior Communicates	151	(2)
Cultural Variations in Nonverbal Behavior	153	(10)
Nonverbal Codes	154	(7)
Cultural Variation or Stereotype?	161	(2)
Defining Cultural Space	163	(6)
Cultural Identity and Cultural Space	164	(3)
Changing Cultural Space	167	(1)
The Dynamic Nature of Cultural Spaces	168	(1)
Summary	169	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	170	(1)
Activity	171	(1)
Endnotes	171	(2)
PART III: Intercultural Communication in Everyday Life
Chapter 7 Popular Culture and Intercultural Communication	173	(20)
Popular Culture and Intercultural Communication	174	(1)
What Is "Popular Culture"?	175	(3)
Consuming and Resisting Popular Culture	178	(3)
Consuming Popular Culture	178	(2)
Resisting Popular Culture	180	(1)
Representing Cultural Groups	181	(4)
Migrants' Perceptions of Mainstream Culture	182	(1)
Popular Culture and Stereotyping	183	(2)
U.S. Popular Culture and Power	185	(4)
Global Circulation of Images/Commodities	186	(1)
Popular Culture from Other Cultures	187	(1)
Cultural Imperialism	188	(1)
Summary	189	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	190	(1)
Activities	190	(1)
Endnotes	191	(2)
Chapter 8 Culture, Communication, and Conflict	193	(24)
Characteristics of Intercultural Conflict	195	(2)
Ambiguity	196	(1)
Language Issues	196	(1)
Contradictory Conflict Styles	197	(1)
Conflict Types and Contexts	197	(2)
Types of Conflict	197	(1)
The Importance of Context	198	(1)
Cultural Influences on Conflict Management	199	(7)
Family Influences	199	(1)
Two Approaches to Conflict	200	(2)
Intercultural Conflict	202	(1)
Gender, Ethnicity, and Conflict	203	(1)
Religion and Conflict	204	(1)
Value Differences and Conflict Styles	205	(1)
Managing Intercultural Conflict	206	(2)
Productive Versus Destructive Conflict	206	(1)
Competitive Versus Cooperative Conflict	206	(2)
Understanding Conflict and Society	208	(5)
Social and Economic Forces	208	(3)
Historical and Political Forces	211	(2)
Summary	213	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	213	(1)
Activity	214	(1)
Endnotes	215	(2)
Chapter 9 Intercultural Relationships in Everyday Life	217	(30)
Benefits of Intercultural Relationships	219	(2)
Challenges in Intercultural Relationships	221	(4)
Differences in Communication Styles, Values, and Perceptions	221	(1)
Negative Stereotypes	222	(1)
Anxiety	222	(1)
Affirming Another Person's Cultural Identity	223	(1)
The Need for Explanations	224	(1)
Foundations of Intercultural Relationships	225	(8)
Similarities and Differences	226	(1)
Cultural Differences in Relationships	227	(6)
Relationships Across Differences	233	(7)
Communicating in Intercultural Relationships	233	(3)
Intercultural Dating	236	(1)
Intercultural Marriage	237	(2)
Internet Relationships	239	(1)
Society and Intercultural Relationships	240	(2)
Summary	242	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	243	(1)
Activity	243	(1)
Endnotes	244	(3)
PART IV: Intercultural Communication in Applied Settings
Chapter 10 Intercultural Communication in Tourism Contexts	247	(16)
Intercultural Communication and Tourism	250	(5)
Attitudes of Hosts Toward Tourists	250	(3)
Characteristics of Tourist-Host Encounters	253	(2)
Cultural Learning and Tourism	255	(1)
Communication Challenges in Tourism Contexts	255	(4)
Social Norms and Expectations	255	(2)
Culture Shock	257	(2)
Language Challenges	259	(1)
Social/Political Contexts of Tourism	259	(1)
Summary	260	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	261	(1)
Activities	261	(1)
Endnotes	262	(1)
Chapter 11 Intercultural Communication and Business	263	(20)
The Domestic and Global Economy	264	(2)
Domestic Growth	264	(1)
Global Growth	265	(1)
Power Issues in Intercultural Business Encounters	266	(2)
Communication Challenges in Business Contexts	268	(11)
Work-Related Values	268	(3)
Quality Versus Efficiency	271	(1)
Language Issues	272	(2)
Communication Styles	274	(1)
Business Etiquette	275	(2)
Diversity, Prejudice, and Discrimination	277	(2)
Social and Political Contexts of Business	279	(1)
Summary	280	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	280	(1)
Activities	280	(1)
Endnotes	281	(2)
Chapter 12 Intercultural Communication and Education	283	(17)
Educational Goals	284	(2)
Studying Abroad	286	(1)
Culturally Specific Education	287	(2)
Intercultural Communication in Educational Settings	289	(4)
Roles for Teachers and Students	289	(1)
Grading and Power	290	(1)
Admissions, Affirmative Action, and Standardized Tests	291	(2)
Communication, Education, and Cultural Identity	293	(2)
Social Issues and Education	295	(2)
Summary	297	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	297	(1)
Activities	297	(1)
Endnotes	298	(2)
Chapter 13 Intercultural Communication and Health Care	300
The Importance of Communication in Health Care	301	(3)
Intercultural Barriers to Effective Health Care	304	(5)
Historical Treatments of Cultural Groups	304	(2)
Prejudicial Ideologies	306	(1)
Religion and Health Care	307	(2)
Power in Communication About Health Care	309	(4)
Imbalances of Power in Health Communication	309	(1)
Health Care as a Business	310	(1)
Intercultural Ethics and Health Issues	311	(2)
Summary	313	(1)
Building Intercultural Skills	313	(1)
Activities	314	(1)
Endnotes	314
Glossary	G-1
Credits	C-1
Index	I-1