Experimental Psychology : A Case Approach

by MacLin, M. Kimberly; Solso, Robert L.

• ISBN13: 9780205319763
• ISBN10: 0205319769
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

By presenting a principle or problem in experimental design, the authors then show how the problem has been dealt with in psychological literature. Readers can read, critique, and analyze actual cases/experiments from all aspects of psychology that exemplify various design principles.The book is organized into two parts (Basic Principles of Experimental Design and Analysis of Experiments), the book combines a text and case approach to examine the methods of experimental psychology.For psychology students studying research methods, experimental methods, or research design.

Table of Contents

To the Instructor	xi
To the Student	xiv
PART ONE Basic Principles in Experimental Psychology	1	(182)
An Introduction to Scientific Inquiry	3	(28)
The Topics of Experimental Psychology	4	(1)
Science	5	(4)
Science and Psychology	9	(1)
Why a Science of Psychology?	9	(1)
On the Scientific Method	10	(1)
Experimental Design	10	(1)
Applying Assumptions of the Scientific Method to Experimental Psychology	11	(4)
Scientific Methodology	15	(2)
Development of Thoughts and Hypotheses in Experimental Psychology	17	(1)
Nonexperimental (but Empirical) Research	18	(9)
Correlational Studies	27	(2)
Other Research Methods	29	(1)
Definitions	30	(1)
Experimental Design in Psychology	31	(15)
The Logic of Experimental Psychology	31	(2)
Operational Definitions	33	(1)
Independent and Dependent Variables	34	(5)
Experimental and Control Groups	39	(6)
Definitions	45	(1)
Ethics of Experimental Research	46	(16)
Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct	47	(5)
Research with Humans	52	(4)
Case Studies	56	(5)
Definitions	61	(1)
Advanced Design Techniques: Factorial Designs, Quasi-Experimental Designs, and Functional Designs	62	(24)
Factorial Designs	63	(13)
Quasi-Experimental Designs	76	(2)
Functional Designs	78	(6)
Additional Considerations: Generalization of Results	84	(1)
Definitions	85	(1)
Experimental Design and Control	86	(26)
Controlled Contrasts	86	(2)
Scientific Inferences	88	(1)
Types of Control	88	(3)
Statistical Analysis and Computers	91	(1)
Experimental Paradigms	92	(8)
Use of Treatment and Control Groups	100	(10)
Definitions	110	(1)
Exercise	111	(1)
Design Critiques I	112	(7)
Experiment Briefs	115	(4)
Control of Subject Variables	119	(12)
Equality of Subjects in Treatment Groups	119	(1)
Randomized Subject Design: Model 1	120	(3)
Matched Subject Design: Model 2	123	(3)
Within-subject Design: Model 3	126	(1)
Repeated Measure Design--Sequence Balanced: Model 4	126	(2)
Subject Loss (Attrition)	128	(2)
Definitions	130	(1)
Design Critiques II	131	(5)
Experiment Briefs	131	(5)
The Psychological Literature: Reading for Understanding and as a Source of Research Ideas	136	(10)
Ideas, Hunches, and the Psychological Literature	136	(2)
Library Searches	138	(5)
Reading and Understanding Psychological Articles	143	(3)
The Research Process	146	(37)
Doing Research	146	(4)
Writing a Research Paper	150	(7)
Reporting Data	157	(6)
Sample Manuscript	163	(9)
Submission of Manuscript	172	(1)
Funding Research and Applying for Grants	173	(4)
Poster Sessions at Professional Meetings	177	(4)
Definitions	181	(2)
PART TWO Analysis of Experiments	183	(204)
Cola Tasting	189	(10)
Introduction	189	(3)
Special Issues: Control Problems	189	(3)
Identification of Cola Beverages	192	(1)
Analysis	192	(6)
Questions	198	(1)
Territoriality in Parking Lots	199	(15)
Introduction	199	(14)
Special Issues: Field-based Studies	199	(3)
Territorial Defense in Parking Lots: Retaliation against Waiting Drivers	202	(11)
Questions	213	(1)
Fanning Old Flames	214	(7)
Introduction	214	(1)
Fanning Old Flames: Arousing Romantic Obsessions Through Throught Suppression	215	(1)
Analysis	215	(5)
Questions	220	(1)
Just Another Face in the Crowd	221	(8)
Introduction	221	(6)
Distinct Faces: Just Another Face in the Crowd	222	(5)
Questions	227	(2)
Picture Memory	229	(16)
Introduction	229	(1)
Comprehension and Memory for Pictures	230	(1)
Analysis	230	(13)
Questions	243	(2)
Hormones and Toy Preferences	245	(14)
Introduction	245	(2)
Special Issues: Selection of Subjects as a Source of Independent Variables	245	(1)
``Politically Incorrect'' Findings	246	(1)
Early Androgens are Related to Childhood Sex-typed Toy Preferences	247	(1)
Analysis	247	(11)
Questions	258	(1)
Maternal Behavior	259	(12)
Introduction	259	(2)
Special Issues: The Use of Animals in Psychological Research	260	(1)
Maternal Behavior Induced by Maternal Blood Plasma Injected into Virgin Rats	261	(1)
Analysis	261	(8)
Questions	269	(2)
Children's Reasoning	271	(11)
Introduction	271	(10)
How Special Are Objects?	272	(9)
Questions	281	(1)
Creative Porpoise	282	(17)
Introduction	282	(3)
Special Issues: Small n Designs	283	(2)
The Creative Porpoise: Training for Novel Behavior	285	(1)
Analysis	285	(13)
Questions	298	(1)
Perspective Shifting	299	(15)
Introduction	299	(1)
Recall of Previously Unrecallable Information Following a Shift in Perspective	300	(1)
Analysis	300	(13)
Questions	313	(1)
Therapy for Anger	314	(14)
Introduction	314	(3)
Special Issues: Single-Subject Design in Clinical Studies	314	(2)
Stress Inoculation: A Cognitive Theory for Anger and Its Application to a Case of Depression	316	(1)
Analysis	317	(10)
Questions	327	(1)
Prosocial Behavior	328	(9)
Introduction	328	(8)
Effects of a Prosocial Televised Example on Children's Helping	329	(7)
Questions	336	(1)
Alcohol and Condoms	337	(22)
Introduction	337	(2)
Special Issues: Multiple Experiments	337	(1)
Studying Complex Social Behavior in the Laboratory	338	(1)
Why Common Sense Goes Out the Window: Effects of Alcohol on Intentions to Use Condoms	339	(1)
Analysis	339	(19)
Questions	358	(1)
Karate Techniques	359	(9)
Introduction	359	(1)
Special Issues: Subject Variables	359	(1)
Memory for the Frequency of Occurrences of Karate Techniques: A Comparison of Experts and Novices	360	(1)
Analysis	360	(7)
Questions	367	(1)
Disputes in Japan	368	(9)
Introduction	368	(8)
Disputes in Japan: A Cross-Cultural Test of the Procedural Justice Model	369	(7)
Questions	376	(1)
False Confessions	377	(10)
Introduction	377	(1)
The Social Psychology of False Confessions: Compliance, Internalization, and Confabulation	378	(1)
Analysis	378	(8)
Questions	386	(1)
Appendix A Computational Procedures for Basic Statistics	387	(14)
Appendix B Statistical Tables	401	(4)
References	405	(5)
Credits	410	(3)
Name Index	413	(2)
Subject Index	415