Experiments in Physical Chemistry

by Shoemaker, David P.; Garland, Carl W.; Nibler, Joseph W.

• ISBN13: 9780070570740
• ISBN10: 0070570744
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1995-12-01
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill College

Summary

This best-selling comprehensive lab textbook includes experiments with background theoretical information, safety recommendations, and computer applications. Updated chapters are provided regarding the use of spreadsheets and other scientific software as well as regarding electronics and computer interfacing of experiments using Visual Basic and LabVIEW. Supplementary instructor information regarding necessary supplies, equipment, and procedures is provided in an integrated manner in the text.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction: Organization of the Book, Preparation for an Experiment, Execution of an Experiment, Safety, Recording of Experimental Data, Literature Work, Reports, Sample Reports, Special Projects

2 Treatments of Experimental Data: A. Calculations and Presentation of Data: Significant Figures, Precision of Calculations, Analytical Methods, Numerical Methods, Graphs and Graphical Methods, Exercises; B. Uncertainties in Data and Results: Errors, Rejection of Discordant Data, Statistical Treatment of Random Errors, Significance Testing, Propagation of Errors, Case History of an Error Evaluation, Fundamental Limitations on Instrumental Precision, Summary, Exercises

3 Use of Computer Software: Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Symbolic Mathematics Programs, Quantum Mechanical Programs, Exercises

4 Gases: Gas Thermometry, Joule-Thomson Effect, Heat Capacity Ratios for Gases

5 Transport Properties of Gases: Kinetic Theory of Transport Phenomena, Viscosity of Gases, Diffusion of Gases

6 Thermochemistry: Principles of Calorimetry: Heats of Combustion, Strain Energy of the Cyclopropane Ring, Heats of Ionic Reaction

7 Solutions: Partial Molal Volume, Cryoscopic Determination of Molecular Weight, Freezing-Point Depression of Strong and Weak Electrolytes, Chemical Equilibrium in Solution

8 Phase Equilibria: Vapor Pressure of a Pure Liquid, Binary Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram, Binary Solid-Liquid Phase Diagram, Liquid-Vapor Coexistence Curve and the Critical Point

9 Electrochemistry: Conductance of Solutions, Temperature Dependence of EMF, Activity Coefficients from Cell Measurements

10 Chemical Kinetics, Method of Initial Rate: Iodine Clock, NMR Study of a Reversible Hydrolysis Reaction, Enzyme Kinetics: Inversion of Sucrose, Kinetics of the Decomposition of Benzenediazonium Ion, Gas-Phase Kinetics

11 Surface Pheomena: Surface Tension of Solutions, Physical Adsorption of Gases

12 Macromolecules: Osmotic Pressure, Alcohol, Helix-Coil Transition in Polypeptides

13 Electric and Magnetic Properties: Dipole Moment of Polar Molecules in Solution, Dipole Moment of HCI Molecules in the Gas Phase, Magnetic Susceptibility, NMR Determination of Paramagnetic Susceptibility

14 Spectroscopy: Absorption Spectrum of a Conjugated Dye, Infrared Spectroscopy: Vibrational Spectrum of SO2, Raman Spectroscopy: Vibrational Spectrum of CC14, Vibrational-Rotational Spectra of HC1 and DC1, Vibrational-Rotational Spectra of Acetylenes, Band Spectrum of Nitrogen, Absorption and Emission Spectra of Molecular Iodine, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, NMR Determination of Keto-Enol Equilibrium Constants, NMR Study of Gas Phase HC1-DBr Isotopic Exchange Reaction, Solid-State Lasers: Radiative Properties of Ruby Crystals

15 Solids: Determination of Crystal Structure by X-Ray Diffraction, Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction with the Buerger Precession Camera, Lattic Energy of Solid Argon, Statistical Thermodynamics of Iodine Sublimation

16 Computer Interfacing: Introduction, Types of Information Handled, Hardware, Software, Computer Programmin, Interfacing with Experiments

17 Electronic Devices and Measurements: Circuit Elements, Semiconductor Devices, Operational Amplifiers, Analog-to-digital Conversion, Digital Multimeters, Potentionmeter Circuits, Wheatstone Bridge Circuits, Capacitance Measurements

18 Temperature: Temperature Scales, Triple-Point and Ice Point Cell, Thermometers, Temperature Control

19 Vacuum Techniques: Introduction, Theoretical Background, Pumping Speed for a System, Desorption and Virtual Leaks, Pumps, Vacuum Gauges, Miscellaneous Vacuum Components, Design of Vacuum Compenents, Design of Vacuum Lines, Leak Detection, Safety Considerations

20 Instruments: Balances, Barometer, Oscilloscope, pH Meter, Polarimeter, Radiation Counters, Recorders and Plotters, Refractometers, Signal-Average Devices, Spectroscopic Components, Spectroscopic Instruments, Timing Devices, Westphal Balance

21 Miscellaneous Procedures: Volumetric Procedures, Purification Methods, Gas-Handling Procedures, Electrodes for Electrochemical Cells, Materials for Construction, Solders and Adhesives, Tubing Connections, Shopwork

Least Squares Fitting Procedures: Introduction, Foundations of Least Squares, Weights, Rejection of Discordant Data, Goodness of Fit, Compersion of Models, Uncertainties in the Parameters Summary of Procedures, Sample Least-Squares, Calculation

Appendixes

A: Glossary of Symbols

B: International System of Units and Concentration Units

C: Safety, D: Literature Work

E: Research Journals

F: Numerical Methods of Analysis

G: Garomenter Corrections.