Preface | |
Children: Our Most Important Resource | |
A Brief History of Child Welfare & Abortion, Indanticide, and Abandonment | |
Child Labor and Education | |
Responsibility for Children | |
Advocacy in the Provision of Services for Children | |
The Current Picture of Child Welfare Services | |
Impact of Current Child Welfare Practices on Children | |
Services in the Twenty-First Century | |
Providing Services for Children Today | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
The Changing Family | |
The Responsibilities and Rights of the Family | |
The Setting for Today's Family | |
Profile of Today's Family | |
Family Roles and Rules | |
Communication Patterns | |
Observaton of the Family as a System | |
Types of Families | |
The Emotional Climate of Families | |
The Impact of Culture on Families | |
Families with Anglo-European Roots | |
Families with Native American Roots | |
Families with African American Roots | |
Families with Hispanic Roots | |
Families with Asian Roots | |
Families with Middle Eastern Roots | |
The Family Life Cycle | |
Stresses on Families | |
Parental/Family Dysfunction | |
Role Definition and Inequality | |
Parent-Child Relations | |
Disability;When Families Need Help | |
Trends | |
Economic Stressors | |
The Optional Status of Marriage | |
The Vanishing Father | |
Blended Famiies | |
Resolution of Childhood Conflicts | |
Changes in Family Control | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Children and Poverty | |
Characteristics of Poor Children | |
Poverty Defined | |
Why Children Live in Poverty | |
Consequences of Growing Up in Poverty | |
Life Stressor Factors | |
Health and Health Care Factors | |
Nutritional Factors | |
Environmental Factors | |
Educational Factors | |
Recent Efforts to Fight Poverty | |
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) | |
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) | |
Child Tax Credit | |
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) | |
Minimum Wage Increase | |
State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) | |
The Economics of Poverty | |
Reducing Child Poverty | |
Attitudinal Changes | |
Complex Combination of Two-Generational Startegies | |
An Important Footnote | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Current Societal Problems and Their Impact on Children: Violence, Additiction, and Homelessness | |
Children and Violence | |
War in the Streets | |
Violence in Relationships | |
The School as War Zone | |
The Home as a War Zone | |
Children and Substance Abuse | |
Addicted Parents | |
Addicted Children and Adolescents | |
Effects and Treatment of Adolescent Drug Abuse;Homeless Families | |
Causes of Homelessness | |
Homeless Families and Children | |
Effects of Homelessness on Children | |
Homeless and Runaway Youths | |
Changing View of Runaway and Homeless Youths | |
Problems and Solutions for Runaway/Homeless Youths | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Early Education and Care: School-Based Services | |
Early Education and Care Serving Infants and Preschool Children | |
A Brief History of Daycare Provision | |
Examining the Goals of Daycare Provision | |
Types of Daycare;School-Based Programs | |
Philosophy of Education | |
Student Support Programs: Addressing Academic, Social, and Emotional Needs | |
A Team Approach: Parents and Professionals as Partners | |
Controversial Issues and Dilemmas in the Provision of Services | |
Trends in the Provision of Educational Services | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Counseling for Families and Children | |
What is Counseling? | |
Basic Assumptions;When a Familie Might Seek Counseling | |
Self-Referrals | |
Referrals by Outside Agencies;Attitudes about Receiving Counseling | |
Self-Referred Clients | |
Clients Referred from Outside Agencies | |
Attitudes about Having a Problem | |
Ethnic and Cross-Cultural Considerations;Changing Attitudes about Counseling | |
Medical Model versus Holistic Model | |
The Impact of Feminism;Types of Counseling | |
The Professions | |
Settings;The Counseling Process | |
Assessment, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning | |
Modalities;The Experience of Counseling | |
Consumer Perspective | |
Professional Perspective;Trends in Counseling Services | |
External Focuses | |
Internal Focuses | |
Evolving Frontiers in Theory and Practice | |
Ethical Considerations in Counseling | |
Confidentiality | |
The Dilemma of Diagnosis | |
Training | |
Value System Differences | |
Counselor/Client Boundaries | |
Power | |
Counseling as a Healing Art versus the Business of Mental Health | |
Band-Aids versus Commitment to Social Change | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Protecting Children When Families Cannot: Child Abuse and Neglect Historical View | |
Societal Role of Children | |
Child Neglect throughout History | |
Child Labor and Maltreatment | |
Sexual Moves and Abuses | |
Efforts to Control Child Abuse;Maltreatment Defined | |
Physical Abuse | |
Phsycial Neglect | |
Sexual Abuse | |
Emotional or Physchological Abuse;Reporting Child Maltreatment | |
Intake | |
Assessment | |
Case Management and Treatment | |
Court Intervention in Protective Cases | |
Juvenille or Civil Court | |
Criminal Court | |
The Effect of Court Involvement on Children | |
The Role of the Protective Services Worker | |
Future of Protective Services | |
Narrowing of Services | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Family Perservation or Child Placement?: Serving the Child's Best Interests Brief History of Family-Based Services | |
Almshouses and Charities | |
Scientific Philanthropy | |
Settlement House Influence | |
Mothers' | |
Pensions | |
Public Child Welfare Services | |
The Emerging Concept of Permenency Planning | |
Demonstrating Effectiveness of Family-Based Services | |
Types of Family-Based Services | |
Family Support Services | |
Family Preservation Services | |
Kinship Care, Family Presevation or Child Placement? | |
Family Preservation Worker | |
Perserve the Family or Place the Child? | |
Shaping the Future of Family-Based Services | |
Screening of At-Risk Clients | |
Attention to Cultural Diversity | |
Selection and Training of Workers | |
Supervision and Consultation | |
Operationalism of Program Design Goals | |
Building Community Supports | |
Evaluation and Research | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Court Services on Behald of Childrenb Historical Perspective | |
The Child Savers | |
Reform School Movement | |
The Concept of Parens Patriae | |
The Emergence of Juvenille Court | |
Situations Warranting Juvenille Court Intervention | |
Delinquency | |
Statues Offenses | |
Dependency, Abuse, and Neglect | |
Related Situations Involving Court Interventions | |
Factors Influencing Court Intervention | |
The Rights of Juvenilles | |
Advocating for Children;Juvenille Court Process and Procedures | |
Intake Stage | |
Adjudication Stage | |
Disposition Stage | |
The Role of the Social Worker and the Court | |
Consumer Perspective | |
Alternative Approaches to Court Intervention | |
Diversion;Treatment of Juvenille Offenders | |
Trends | |
Should There Be a Separate Juvenille Court? | |
Should Status Offenders Come under the Jurisdiction of the Juvenille Court? | |
What Should Be Done with Serious Offenders? | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Teenage Pregnancy and Parenting | |
Definition of Terms | |
Historical Perspective | |
Through the Eyes of Society: Myths Revisited | |
Welfare Mothers | |
Medical Concerns | |
Development of the Children | |
Demographics | |
Teens at Risk | |
Family Function | |
Socioeconomic Status | |
Previous Sexual Abuse and Date Rape | |
Educational and Behavioral Difficulties;How Teens Make Decisions about Fertility and Child bearing | |
Fathers | |
A Teen's View | |
Services: Primary Prevention | |
Programs Focusing on Sexual Antecedents | |
Programs Focusing on Nonsexual Antecendents | |
Programs Focusing on Sexual and Nonsexual Antecedents | |
Culturally Sensitive Interventions | |
Services: Secondary Prevention | |
Teen Parents and Their Families | |
Keeping Fathers Involved | |
Child Care | |
Parenting Programs | |
Residential Programs;Trends in Teen Pregnancy Prevention | |
Legislative Initiatives | |
Focus on Research | |
Philosophical Research | |
The Media | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Children in Family Foster Care History of Family Foster Care | |
Early Beginnings | |
Foster Care in Recent Years;The Nature of Foster Care Today | |
Types of Foster Homes | |
Reasons Children Come into Foster Care;Foster Parents | |
Recruitment | |
Homestudy and Training | |
Placement and Follow-Up | |
Stresses of Being a Foster Parent | |
Foster Parents as Part of the Team;Birth Parents with Children in Foster Care | |
Attitudes and Reactions | |
Rights and Responsibilites of Birth Parents | |
When Children Return Home | |
Children in Foster Care | |
Feelings about Placement and Separation | |
Feelings about Natural Parents | |
Feelings about Foster Parents | |
Life in Foster Care | |
Leaving Foster Care | |
The Role of the Foster Care Social Worker | |
The Future of Foster Care | |
Political Influences Trends | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
The Adoption of Children The History of Adoption | |
Definitions and Assumptions | |
Types of Adoption;Issues in Adoption Today | |
Decreased Number of Adoptable Children | |
Changes in Types of Children Available for Adoption | |
Controversy over Agency-Assisted versus Independent Adoptions | |
Adoption Disruptions and the Need for Follow-Up | |
Openness in Adoption | |
Effects of Adoption on Children;Adoptive Participants | |
Birth Parents | |
Children Available for Adoption | |
Adoptive Applicants;The Adoptive Process | |
The Homestudy | |
Placement and Legalization | |
Postlegalization Services | |
Adoption Disruption;The Role of the Adoption Worker | |
The Search | |
Supporters of the Search | |
Who Searches | |
Search Outcome | |
Sealed Records | |
Consent Contracts;Trends | |
Children Available for Adoption | |
Permanency Planning | |
Placement Services for Adolescents | |
Resources Available | |
Lifelong Services | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Children in Residential Settings Historical Perspective | |
Assumptions about Residential Care | |
Types of Residential Settings | |
Diagnostic Services | |
Intense Therapeutic Services for Dependent Children | |
Residential Treatment Centers | |
Rehabilitative or Secure Treatment for Delinquents | |
Centers for Children with Severe Special Needs;Children in Residential Settings | |
Reasons for Referral | |
Adjustment to Placement | |
Life in a Residential Setting | |
Components of a Residential Setting | |
Token Economy and Phase System | |
The Influence of Peer Culture | |
Handling Crises in Residential Settings | |
Sexually Acting Out in Residential Care | |
Sexual Abuse of Children in Residential Care;Working with Families of Children in Residential Care | |
Motivation of Parents | |
Types of Family Treatment | |
Problems in Working with Families | |
The Role of Staff in a Residential Setting | |
Residential Staff | |
Educational Staff | |
Clinical Staff | |
Other Staff Functions | |
The Frustrations of Staff | |
Termination | |
Return Home | |
Placement in a Foster Home or a Less Restrictive Environment | |
Placement in a More Restrictive Setting | |
Hospitalization | |
Independent Living | |
Problems within Residential Settings | |
Staff Issues | |
Abuse in Residential Settings;Problems for Residential Centers within the Community | |
Community Support | |
Detriments to Residentially Placed Youths' | |
Education | |
Trends | |
Population Served Requires a Change in Emphasis | |
Restriction in Funding | |
More Effective Evaluation | |
Family Involvement | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Our Children's Future What is in Our Children's Future? | |
Children's Status | |
Children in Poverty | |
Children at Risk | |
Children and Health | |
Children and Education | |
Preparing Those Who Help Children | |
Child Welfare in the Twenty-First Century | |
Summary | |
Exploration Questions | |
References | |
Name Index | |
Subject Index | |
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