FallProof! : A Comprehensive Balance and Mobility Training Program

by Rose, Debra J.

• ISBN13: 9780736040884
• ISBN10: 0736040889
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-06-01
• Publisher: Human Kinetics

Summary

Please note that an errata sheet for this book can be found at the following link: Errata SheetBalance and mobility disorders resulting in falls among the elderly population pose a serious public health problem in the United States. Costs associated with falls among the elderly are estimated to range from $75 billion to $100 billion. Coupling this statistic with the fact that adults over the age of 65 represent the fastest-growing population in the United States suggests an immediate need for activity programs specifically designed to reduce physical frailty and the rising incidence of falls among the older adult population. >FallProof!> is the first comprehensive and structured balance and mobility training program to address these needs.Traditionally, exercise programs designed to address physical frailty and falls have adopted one-dimensional approaches of aerobic exercise, resistance training, or flexibility training. However, research has shown that falls occur as a result of multiple risk factors, both internal and external, and the interplay of multiple body systems. >FallProof!> presents a multidimensional approach that systematically manipulates the individual's internal capabilities, the goals of the task being performed, and the environment in which the task is performed. This approach has been field tested with considerable success by fitness instructors and rehabilitative specialists working in a range of instructional settings.>FallProof!> offers the following benefits:- Flexibility. Program participants can engage in group activities that take into account their individual abilities so that the program is not too easy or too difficult for them.- Guidance. >FallProof!> illustrates the easiest and safest ways to present each of the program's exercise components, addressing issues from safety concerns to the best ways to offer feedback to participants.- Supplemental materials. Reproducible health, assessment, and safety questionnaires help program instructors gather crucial information and save time and energy.- Results. The >FallProof!> program has been proven to reduce the risk of falling in participants who've completed one or more rotations of the program.>FallProof!> is divided into three parts.Part Iprovides an introduction to the body systems that contribute to balance and mobility and common age-related changes occurring in each of these systems. It also identifies the multifactorial causes of falls and describes the common medical conditions (arthritis, joint replacement surgery, osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes) and medications known to adversely affect balance and mobility.Part IIprovides suggestions on balance assessments and details the core program. And finally,Part IIIdescribes how to incorporate contemporary motor learning principles to foster optimal learning, develop lesson plans, organize the classroom environment for optimal safety and efficiency, and communicate with program participants.>FallProof!> is a practical manual that blends the latest theory into practical applications. It will prove a valuable resource for physical activity instructors and health care professionals working with older adults in physical activity settings, and it will also be helpful for assessing and designing programs to improve mobility and balance.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Acknowledgments	ix
Credits	x
Part I The Theory Behind the Program	1	(46)
Understanding Balance and Mobility	3	(26)
What Is Balance?	4	(1)
Important Terminology	4	(2)
Postural Control Strategies Used to Control Balance	6	(2)
Multiple Systems Contribute to Balance and Mobility	8	(3)
Age-Associated Changes in the Systems Contributing to Balance and Mobility	11	(6)
Case Studies	17	(8)
Summary	25	(1)
Test Your Understanding	26	(1)
Practical Problems	27	(2)
Why Do Many Older Adults Fall?	29	(18)
Multiple Factors Cause Falls	30	(3)
Effects of Common Medical Conditions	33	(7)
Effect of Medication Use on Balance and Mobility	40	(2)
Are the Risks the Same for All Older Adults?	42	(1)
Practical Implications for Program Planning	42	(2)
Summary	44	(1)
Internet Resources for Home Safety and Modifications	44	(1)
Internet Resources for Medications	44	(1)
Test Your Understanding	45	(1)
Practical Problems	46	(1)
Part II The FallProof Program for Improving Balance and Mobility	47	(190)
Screening and Assessment	49	(42)
Why Screening and Assessment Matter	50	(1)
How to Assess Older Adults With Balance and Mobility Disorders	50	(36)
Summary	86	(1)
Test Your Understanding	87	(2)
Practical Problems	89	(2)
Center-of-Gravity (COG) Control Training	91	(48)
Seated Balance Activities	93	(22)
Summary	115	(1)
Standing Balance Activities	115	(18)
Floor-to-Standing Transfers	133	(3)
Summary	136	(1)
Test Your Understanding	136	(2)
Practical Problems	138	(1)
Multisensory Training	139	(24)
Forcing the Use of the Somatosensory System to Control Balance	142	(4)
Forcing the Use of the Visual System to Control Balance	146	(3)
Forcing the Use of the Vestibular System to Control Balance	149	(4)
Eye-Head Coordination Exercises	153	(7)
Summary	160	(1)
Test Your Understanding	160	(2)
Practical Problems	162	(1)
Postural Strategy Training	163	(14)
Summary	173	(1)
Test Your Understanding	174	(2)
Practical Problems	176	(1)
Gait Pattern Enhancement and Variation Training	177	(16)
Overview of the Gait Cycle	178	(2)
Mechanisms Controlling Gait	180	(2)
Age-Associated Changes in Gait	182	(1)
Effect of Pathology on the Gait Pattern	183	(2)
Gait Pattern Enhancement and Variation Training	185	(4)
Summary	189	(1)
Test Your Understanding	190	(2)
Practical Problems	192	(1)
Strength and Endurance Training	193	(24)
Selected Upper Body Strength Exercises	195	(10)
Selected Lower Body Strength Exercises	205	(7)
Selected Foot- and Toe-Strengthening Exercises	212	(2)
Summary	214	(1)
Test Your Understanding	215	(1)
Practical Problems	216	(1)
Flexibility Training	217	(20)
Selected Neck and Upper Body Flexibility Exercises	219	(10)
Selected Lower Body Flexibility Exercises	229	(4)
Summary	233	(1)
Test Your Understanding	233	(2)
Practical Problems	235	(2)
Part III Implementing the FallProof Program	237	(38)
Setting the Stage for Learning	239	(16)
Understanding the Stages of Learning	240	(4)
Introducing the Skill to Be Learned	244	(6)
Identifying and Correcting Errors in Performance	250	(2)
Summary	252	(1)
Test Your Understanding	253	(1)
Practical Problems	254	(1)
Program Planning and Class Management Techniques	255	(20)
Following the Initial Assessment	256	(1)
Before Each Class Session	257	(5)
During Each Class Session	262	(2)
Between Class Sessions	264	(1)
After Each Follow-Up Assessment	265	(4)
Communicating With Class Participants	269	(2)
Summary	271	(1)
Test Your Understanding	272	(2)
Practical Problems	274	(1)
Appendix: Balance Kit Inventory	275	(2)
Bibliography	277	(10)
Author Index	287	(4)
Subject Index	291	(8)
About the Author	299