Kenneth Townsend earned his Ph.D. in American History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1991, two years after joining the faculty of the Department of History at Coastal Carolina University in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Townsend now serves as chair of the Department of History. He is the author of World War II and the American Indian (2000), South Carolina (2008) and varied articles, and he is revising a book-length manuscript addressing the World War II home front in the Southeastern United States. In summer 2006 Townsend embedded with U.S. Army units in Kabul and Kandahar, Afghanistan and is now
completing a project titled “Shadows of War” that examines the personal imprint of war on soldiers and their families.
Mark A. Nicholas received his PhD from Lehigh University in 2006, and teaches at Florida Atlantic University. With Joel W. Martin, he edited Native Americans, Christianity, and the Reshaping of the American Religious Landscape (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010). He has several ongoing projects, including a book about the Seneca Indians for Michigan State University. Press and a book about the Shawnees in Kansas for University of Arizona Press.
Found in this section:
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 9 The Civil War Years, 1861–1865
Chapter 10 Conflicting Postwar Directions, 1865–1877
Chapter 11 The Struggle for Cultural Identity, 1877–1910
Chapter 12 Progressivism and World War I: Charting Their Own Course in the Twentieth Century, 1900–1920
Chapter 13 Post-War Directions for Native Americans, 1918–1929
Chapter 14 The Great Depression, 1929–1940
Chapter 15 American Indians Join the War Effort, 1940–1945
Chapter 16 Redefining the Status of Native Americans in Post—World War II America, 1943–1962
Chapter 17 Indian Activism in the Age of Liberalism, 1961–1980
Chapter 18 Self-Determination to Decolonization: Native Americans into the Twenty-First Century
2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS
MySearchLab Connections
Preface
MySearchLab
Supplementary Material
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 9: The Civil War Years, 1861–1865
Lumbee Indians in the Civil War
War in Indian Territory and Minnesota
Choosing Sides
War in Indian Territory
Profile Stand Watie (Cherokee, 1806–1871)
The Upper Midwest: Sioux Resistance
Profile Little Crow (Tayoyateduta or Thaoyate Duta, for His Red Nation), 1810–1862
Seeing History The Execution of Santee Sioux
Resistance in the Southwest and Plains
Navajo Resistance
Bosque Redondo
War in the Colorado Territory
Reading History Proclamation of Govern John Evans, Colorado Territory, June 27, 1864
Reading History Letter from Black Kettle (Cheyenne) to Major Colley (Indian Agent, Fort Lyon), United States Army, August 29, 1864
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 10: Conflicting Postwar Directions, 1865–1877
Kintpuash and the Modoc War
Post–Civil War Directions in Indian Affairs
Defining Postwar Indian Policy
Profile Standing Bear (Machunazha, Ponca), 1829–1908
The Powder River War
Peace Overtures
Reading History Report to the President by the Indian Peace Commission, January 7, 1868
Renewed Resistance on the Southern Plains
Peace Policy, War Policy
President Grant’s Peace Policy
Seeing History “Robinison Crusoe Making a Man of his Friday”
Renewed Resistance on the Southern Plains
Profile Quannah Parker (Comanche)
Gold in the Black Hills
The Great Sioux War
The Nez Perce
Seeing History Custer’s Last Stand
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 11: The Struggle for Cultural Identity, 1877–1910
Wild West Shows
Chasing Freedom, Preserving Identity
Victorio and Geronimo
The Ghost Dance
Saving the Indian
Eastern Reformers
Lake Mohonk
Seeing History “Give the Red Man a Chance”
The Attack on Indian Cultures
The Dawes Act
Reading History General Allotment Act, or Dawes Act (1887)
Profile The “Oklahoma Land Rushers, or Boomers”
Christianizing the Indian
Educating Native Americans
Seeing History “The American Indian: Past and Present”
Profile Plenty Kill, aka Luther Standing Bear (Oglala, 1868–1939)
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 12: Progressivism and World War I: Charting Their Own Course in the Twentieth Century, 1900–1920
Simon Pokagon
The Progressive Spirit among Native Americans
Seeing History Dime Novels
The Society of American Indians
Profile Jim Thorpe
Gertrude Bonnin and Laura Kellogg
Religion and the SAI
Fractures within the SAI
The Peyote Issue
The Great War
The World War One Draft
Reading History Native American Citizenship and Compulsory Military Service
Indians Enter Military Service
Over There
Profile Private Joseph Oklahombi (Choctaw)
Stereotypes and Indian Military Service
The Home Front
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 13 : Post-War Directions for Native Americans, 1918–1929
The “Osage Reign of Terror”
Coming Home
Wartime Divestment of Indian Lands
Wartime Resurgence of Traditional Values
Citizenship for Native Americans
Postwar Activism
The Continued Assault on Indian Lands
Profile Will Rogers
Pueblo Lands
Reading History Letter from Commissioner of Indian Affairs Charles Burke to All Indians
Fall’s Removal from Office
Changing Directions
The Emerging Path of Reform
Seeing History The Vanishing American and Hollywood Film
Profile John Collier
Citizenship Revisited
The Meriam Report
Reading History From The Problem of Indian Administration, or Meriam Report, 1928
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 14: The Great Depression, 1929–1940
The CCC Project at Bandelier National Park near Santa Fe, New Mexico
Native Americans and the Early Years of the Great Depression
Hard Times
Reform Efforts in the Hoover Administration
Health Care and Education
A Brighter Prospect for Change
The Indian New Deal
Native Americans and New Deal Reform
The Public Works of Art Project
Seeing History St Regis Indian Reservation (1937) by Amy Jones
The Civilian Conservation Corps—Indian Division
Profile Robert Yellowtail
Navajo Stock Reduction
Indian Education
Redirection in Federal Indian Policy
The Indian Reorganization Act
Reading History Excerpts from the Indian Reorganization Act (Wheeler-Howard Act), June 18, 1934
Resistance to the IRA
Profile Alice Lee Jemison (Seneca)
Assessment of the Indian New Deal
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 15: American Indians Join the WarEffort, 1940–1945
Lieutenant Ernest Childers Earns the Congressional Medal of Honor
Native Americans Enter the Armed Forces
Draft Registration and Military Induction
Motives for Enlistment
Seeing History Freedom’s Warrior—The American Indian
Defining Indian Identity
Racial Identity in Virginia
Tribal Sovereignty
Native Americans at War
Indian Response to Pearl Harbor
Indians at War
Profile Postwar Ira Hayes
Code Talkers
The Popular Image of Indian Soldiers
Reading History The Navajo Translation of the United States Marine Corps Hymn
Seeing History Military Use of Native American Imagery
The Home Front
War Comes to the Reservations
Migration to Defense Factories
Women and the War Effort
War Bond Purchases
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 16: Redefining the Status of Native Americans in Post-World War II America, 1943–1962
John Nez (Navajo)
The Path to Termination
Senate Report 310
A Global Indian Reorganization Act
The National Congress of American Indians
The Immediate Postwar Direction
Economic Difficulties
Social Concerns
The Indian Claims Commission
Termination and Relocation
Termination Reconsidered
The Relocation Program
Seeing History Bureau of Indian Affairs Relocation Poster “Come to Denver”
The Policy of Termination
Klamath and Menominee Termination
Profile Ada Deer (Menominee)
Reading History Party Platform Planks and Native Americans
“The More Things Change . . .”
The Continued Assault on Indian Lands
The Korean War
Profile Woodrow Wilson Keeble (Sioux)
Hollywood Films and Television
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 17: Indian Activism in the Age of Liberalism, 1961–1980
Bernie Whitebear and the Fort Lawton Takeover
A New Direction in Indian Activism
Fishing and Water Rights
Profile Buffy Sainte Marie
Alcatraz
The Alcatraz Occupation
Profile Vine Deloria, Jr. (1933–2005)
Indians and the Vietnam War
Native Americans Enter the Armed Forces
Combat Service
Racial Consciousness
Red Power
The American Indian Movement
Trail of Broken Treaties
Wounded Knee
The Longest Walk
Seeing HistoryA Call for Support
New Directions?
Indian Self-Determination
Urbanization Patterns
Educational Directions
Reading History Edward M. Kennedy, Foreword from Indian Education: A National Tragedy—A National Challenge
Mainstream Awareness
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Chapter 18: Self-Determination to Decolonization: Native Americans into the Twenty-First Century
Ronald Reagan, Decolonization
Presidential Indian Policy: 1980s–1990s
The Reagan Years
Reading History Ronald Reagan, Indian Policy Statement, January 24, 1983
Profile Peter MacDonald: Navajo Leader Falls from Power in the Era of Reagan
George Herbert Walter Bush: Any Better?
Reading History George H. W. Bush’s Statement on Indian Affairs, June 14, 1991
Native Peoples and Activism: The 1980s and 1990s
Reservations and Resources
Casinos and Tourism
NAGPRA and What Is an Indian?
Native American Women Take Charge
Reading History James C. Chatters, Kennewick Man
Profile Suzan Shown Harjo: Cheyenne-Creek Activist
Empowerment and Decolonization and into the Twenty-First Century Literature and Art
Indigenous Peoples in the Academy
Seeing History Gathering Wild Rice
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online
Appendix
Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts
Bibliography
Photo & Text Credits
Index
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