Free Trade, Sovereignty, Democracy The Future of the World Trade Organization

by Barfield, Claude E.

• ISBN13: 9780844741574
• ISBN10: 0844741574
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Aei Press

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	ix
Introduction: Issues, Themes, and Recommendations	1	(19)
The WTO as ``World Court''	5	(2)
Sovereignty	7	(2)
International Relations and International Legal Theory	9	(3)
Major Recommendations	12	(6)
Plan of the Book	18	(2)
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade	20	(8)
Theories of Dispute Resolution: Lawyers versus Diplomats	22	(2)
History of Dispute Settlement under the GATT	24	(2)
International Relations Theory and the Global Trading System	26	(2)
The Uruguary Round: A New Dispute Settlement System	28	(9)
Major Provisions of the New System	30	(1)
Deadlines: The System Streamlined	31	(1)
Results to Date: What the Numbers Tell Us	32	(5)
Emerging Constitutional Problems and Substantive Deficiencies	37	(33)
Negotiated Rules versus Judicial Activism	38	(4)
Implications for WTO Governance and National Sovereignty	42	(3)
Judicial Creativity	45	(11)
Regulatory Issues	56	(7)
Soft Law, Customary Law, and Progressive Interpretation	63	(7)
Critiques from the Right and Left	70	(27)
Critique from the Right: Trade Lawyers and Trade Professors	70	(7)
A Parallel Universe on the Left: NGOs and International Organizations	77	(7)
The WTO and the Environmentalists' Challenge	84	(13)
Whose WTO Is It? Democratic Governments versus Stakeholders	97	(14)
Democratic Theory at the International Level: What is Legitimate?	99	(2)
Greater Participation and Standing for NGOs: Advantages and Disadvantages	101	(7)
The Political Dynamics and Consequences of Allowing Standing for NGOs and Corporations	108	(3)
Proposals for Reform and Reasons for Retaining the Status Quo	111	(37)
Proposals for Constitutional Reform	111	(18)
Compliance, Retaliation, and Compensation	129	(3)
International Law versus National Law: Direct Effect	132	(3)
Transparency and Participation	135	(8)
Congressional Oversight	143	(3)
Eminent Persons Group	146	(2)
Afterword	148	(1)
Appendix 1. International Relations Theory, International Legal Theory, and the WTO	149	(25)
Theories of International Relations	150	(13)
Models for the WTO	163	(11)
Appendix 2. Potential Technical Changes in the DSU Process	174	(5)
Eliminating the Interim Report	174	(1)
Creating a Permanent, Professional Panel Body	175	(1)
Abolishing the Panels	176	(1)
Empowering the Appellate Body to Remand Cases	176	(1)
Recommendations	177	(2)
Notes	179	(58)
Index	237	(10)
About the Author	247