Frontiers in Electromagnetics

by Werner, Douglas H.; Mittra, Raj

• ISBN13: 9780780347014
• ISBN10: 0780347013
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-12-10
• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press

Summary

"FRONTIERS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS is the first all-in-one resource to bring in-depth original papers on today's major advances in long-standing electromagnetics problems. Highly regarded editors Douglas H. Werner and Raj Mittra have meticulously selected new contributed papers from preeminent researchers in the field to provide state-of-the-art discussions on emerging areas of electromagnetics. Antenna and microwave engineers and students will find key insights into current trends and techniques of electromagnetics likely to shape future directions of this increasingly important topic. Each chapter includes a comprehensive analysis and ample references on innovative subjects that range from combining electromagnetic theory with mathematical concepts to the most recent techniques in electromagnetic optimization and estimation. The contributors also present the latest developments in analytical and numerical methods for solving electromagnetics problems. With a level of expertise unmatched in the field, FRONTIERS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS provides readers with a solid foundation to understand this rapidly changing area of technology. Topics covering fast-developing applications in electromagnetics include:Fractal electrodynamics, fractal antennas and arrays, and scattering from fractally rough surfacesKnot electrodynamicsThe role of group theory and symmetryFractional calculusLommel and multiple expansions. Professors: To request an examination copy simply e-mail [e-mail]." Sponsored by: IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society.

Author Biography

About the EditorsDouglas H. Werner is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Werner is a member of the Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory (CSSL), is affiliated with the Electromagnetic Communication Research Laboratory, and is also a senior research associate in the Intelligence and Information Operations Department of the Applied Research Laboratoryùall at Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely in the field and is associate editor of Radio Science. Dr. Werner has received the 1993 Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Best Paper Award, the 1993 International Union of Radio Science (URSI) Young Scientist Award, and the 1994 Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory Outstanding Publication Award.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi
List of Contributors	xxiii
PART I GEOMETRY, TOPOLOGY, AND GROUPS
Fractal Electrodynamics: Surfaces and Superlattices	1	(47)
Dwight L. Jaggard
Aaron D. Jaggard
Panayiotis V. Frangos
Introduction	1	(2)
Background	1	(1)
Overview	2	(1)
Introduction to Fractals	3	(12)
What are Fractals?	3	(1)
Fractal Characteristics	3	(2)
Bandlimited Fractals and Prefractals	5	(1)
Bandlimited Weierstrass Function	6	(1)
Triadic Cantor Set	6	(1)
Fractal Dimension	7	(1)
Motivation	7	(1)
Definition	7	(1)
Extensions	8	(1)
Fractals and Their Construction	9	(1)
Bandlimited Weierstrass Function	9	(1)
Sierpinski Gasket	10	(1)
Polyadic Cantor Bars---Minimal Lacunarity	11	(1)
Lacunarity	12	(1)
Concept	12	(1)
Examples---Polyadic Cantor Bars with Variable Lacunarity	13	(1)
Definition	14	(1)
Fractals and Waves	15	(1)
Scattering from Fractal Surfaces	15	(14)
Problem Geometry	16	(1)
Approximate Scattering Solution	17	(1)
Formulation of Approximate Surface Scattering Solution	17	(2)
Scattering Cross Sections for the Approximate Case	19	(3)
Observations on the Approximate Case	22	(1)
Exact Scattering Solution	22	(1)
Formulation of Exact Surface Scattering Solution	23	(1)
Scattering Cross Sections for the Exact Case	24	(5)
Observations on the Exact Case	29	(1)
Reflection from Cantor Superlattices	29	(13)
Problem Geometry	30	(1)
Doubly Recursive Solution	30	(2)
Results	32	(1)
Twist Plots	32	(1)
Nulls and Their Structure	33	(2)
Polarization	35	(2)
Fractal Descriptors: Imprinting and Extraction	37	(1)
Frequency-Domain Approach	37	(2)
Time-Scale Approach	39	(2)
Observations on Superlattice Scattering	41	(1)
Conclusion	42	(6)
References	42	(6)
Fractal-Shaped Antennas	48	(46)
Carles Puente
Jordi Romeu
Angel Cardama
Introduction	48	(2)
Fractals, Antennas, and Fractal Antennas	50	(9)
Main Fractal Properties	50	(1)
Fractal Self-Similarity	50	(3)
The Fractal Dimension	53	(1)
Why Fractal-Shaped Antennas?	54	(1)
Multifrequency Fractal Antennas	55	(2)
Small Fractal Antennas	57	(2)
Multifrequency Fractal-Shaped Antennas	59	(22)
The Equilateral Sierpinski Antenna	59	(1)
The Sierpinski Gasket	59	(1)
Input Impedance and Return-Loss	59	(3)
Radiation Patterns	62	(1)
Current Density Distribution	62	(2)
Iterative Transmission Line Network Model	64	(3)
Variations on the Sierpinski Antenna	67	(1)
Variations on the Flare Angle	68	(7)
Shifting the Operating Bands	75	(3)
Fractal Tree-Like Antennas	78	(3)
Small Fractal Antennas	81	(13)
Some Theoretical Considerations	81	(1)
About the Koch Curve	81	(1)
Theoretical Hypothesis	82	(1)
The Small but Long Koch Monopole	83	(1)
Antenna Description	83	(1)
Input Parameters	84	(2)
The Quality Factor	86	(3)
Current Distributions	89	(1)
Conclusion	90	(1)
References	91	(3)
The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays	94	(110)
Douglas H. Werner
Pingjuan L. Werner
Dwight L. Jaggard
Aaron D. Jaggard
Carles Puente
Randy L. Haupt
Introduction	94	(2)
The Fractal Random Array	96	(4)
Background and Motivation	96	(2)
Sample Design of a Fractal Random Array and Discussion	98	(2)
Aperture Arrays or Diffractals	100	(22)
Calculation of Radiation Patterns	101	(1)
Symmetry Relations	102	(1)
Cartesian Diffractals	103	(1)
Cantor Square Diffraction	104	(1)
Purina Square Diffraction	105	(1)
Sierpinski Square Diffraction	105	(1)
Discussion	105	(8)
Cantor Ring Diffractals	113	(1)
Triadic Cantor Ring Diffractal	114	(2)
Polyadic Cantor Diffractal	116	(4)
Discussion	120	(2)
Fractal Radiation Pattern Synthesis Techniques	122	(20)
Background	122	(1)
Weierstrass Linear Arrays	123	(7)
Fourier-Weierstrass Line Sources	130	(7)
Fourier-Weierstrass Linear Arrays	137	(3)
Weierstrass Concentric-Ring Planar Arrays	140	(2)
Fractal Array Factors and Their Role in the Design of Multiband Arrays	142	(21)
Background	142	(2)
Weierstrass Fractal Array Factors	144	(9)
Koch Fractal Array Factors	153	(3)
Reducing the Number of Elements: Array Truncation	156	(1)
Koch-Pattern Construction Algorithm	157	(4)
The Backman-Koch Array Factor	161	(2)
Deterministic Fractal Arrays	163	(18)
Cantor Linear Arrays	164	(6)
Sierpinski Carpet Arrays	170	(6)
Cantor Ring Arrays	176	(1)
Formulation	176	(1)
Results and Discussion	177	(4)
The Concentric Circular Ring Sub-Array Generator	181	(19)
Theory	181	(3)
Examples	184	(1)
Linear Arrays	184	(2)
Planar Square Arrays	186	(3)
Planar Triangular Arrays	189	(4)
Hexagonal Arrays	193	(7)
Conclusion	200	(4)
References	200	(4)
Target Symmetry and the Scattering Dyadic	204	(33)
Carl E. Baum
Introduction	204	(4)
Reciprocity	208	(1)
Symmetry Groups for Target	208	(2)
Target Symmetry	210	(1)
Symmetry in General Bistatic Scattering	211	(1)
Symmetry in Backscattering	212	(4)
Symmetry in Forward-Scattering	216	(6)
Symmetry in Low-Frequency Scattering	222	(4)
Preliminaries for Self-Dual Targets	226	(1)
Duality	227	(1)
Scattering by Self-Dual Target	228	(1)
Backscattering by Self-Dual Target	229	(2)
Forward-Scattering by Self-Dual Target	231	(2)
Low-Frequency Scattering by Self-Dual Target	233	(1)
Conclusion	234	(3)
References	235	(2)
Complementary Structures in Two Dimensions	237	(21)
Carl E. Baum
Introduction	237	(1)
Quasi-Static Boundary Value Problems in Two Dimensions	238	(2)
Two-Dimensional Complementary Structures	240	(1)
Lowest-Order Self-Complementary Rotation Group: C2c Symmetry	241	(2)
N-Fold Rotation Axis: CN Symmetry	243	(4)
Self-Complementary Rotation Group: CNc Symmetry	247	(3)
Reciprocation of Two-Dimensional Structures	250	(4)
Reflection Self-Complementarity	254	(1)
Conclusion	255	(3)
References	256	(2)
Topology in Electromagnetics	258	(31)
Gerald E. Marsh
Introduction	258	(4)
Magnetic Field Helicity	262	(1)
Solar Prominence Helicity	263	(2)
Twist, Kink, and Link Helicity	265	(5)
Helicity and the Asymptotic Hopf Invariant	270	(6)
Magnetic Energy in Multiply Connected Domains	276	(6)
Gauge Invariance	282	(1)
Conclusion	282	(7)
Appendix: The Classical Hopf Invariant	284	(2)
References	286	(3)
The Electrodynamics of Torus Knots	289	(40)
Douglas H. Werner
Introduction	289	(2)
Theoretical Development	291	(11)
Background	291	(3)
Electromagnetic Fields of a Torus Knot	294	(5)
The Torus Knot EFIE	299	(3)
Special Cases	302	(2)
Small Knot Approximation	302	(2)
The Canonical Unknot	304	(1)
Elliptical Torus Knots	304	(4)
Background	304	(3)
Electromagnetic Fields	307	(1)
Additional Special Cases	308	(12)
Circular Torus Knots	308	(1)
Small-Knot Approximation	309	(1)
General Case	309	(1)
Special Case when p = q	310	(1)
Special Case when p = 2q	310	(1)
Small-Knot Approximations for Circular Torus Knots	311	(1)
Special Case when p = q and γ = α	311	(1)
Special Case when p = 2q and γ = α	311	(1)
Small-Knot Approximation	312	(1)
General Case	312	(1)
Special Case when p/q = 2n	313	(2)
Special Case when p/q = 2n - 1	315	(2)
Special Case when p/q = (2n - 1)/2	317	(2)
Circular Loop and Linear Dipole	319	(1)
Results	320	(5)
Conclusion	325	(4)
Appendix	326	(1)
References	327	(2)
PART II Optimization and Estimation
Biological Beamforming	329	(42)
Randy L. Haupt
Hugh L. Southall
Teresa H. O'Donnell
Biological Beamforming	329	(1)
Genetic Algorithm Beamforming	330	(2)
Low Sidelobe Phase Tapers	332	(3)
Phase-Only Adaptive Nulling	335	(2)
Adaptive Algorithm	337	(2)
Adaptive Nulling Results	339	(5)
Neural Network Beamforming	344	(1)
Neural Networks	345	(1)
Direction Finding	346	(12)
Analogy Between the Neural Network and the Butler Matrix	346	(6)
Single-Source DF: Comparison to Monopulse	352	(1)
Network Architecture for Single-Source DF	352	(1)
Network Training	353	(1)
Rapid Convergence	354	(1)
Monopulse Direction Finding	355	(1)
Experimental DF Results	355	(2)
Multiple-Source Direction Finding	357	(1)
Neural Network Beamsteering	358	(13)
Network Architecture for Beamsteering	358	(2)
The Experimental Phased-Array Antenna	360	(1)
Experimental Beamsteering Results in a Clean Environment	360	(4)
Neural Beamsteering in the Presence of a Near-Field Scatterer	364	(1)
Neural Network Beamsteering	365	(1)
Theoretical Predictions	365	(2)
Description of the Scattering Experiment	367	(1)
Experimental Beamsteering Results with a Near-Field Scatterer	368	(1)
References	368	(3)
Model-Order Reduction in Electromagnetics Using Model-Based Parameter Estimation	371	(66)
Edmund K. Miller
Tapan K. Sarkar
Background and Motivation	371	(2)
Waveform-Domain and Spectral-Domain Modeling	373	(4)
Selecting a Fitting Model	376	(1)
Sampling First-Principle Models and Observables in the Waveform Domain	377	(7)
Waveform-Domain Function Sampling	377	(3)
Waveform-Domain Derivative Sampling	380	(1)
Combining Waveform-Domain Function Sampling and Derivative Sampling	381	(3)
Sampling First-Principle Models and Observables in the Spectral Domain	384	(7)
Spectral-Domain Function Sampling	384	(2)
Spectral-Domain Derivative Sampling	386	(1)
Adapting and Optimizing Sampling of the GM	387	(1)
Possible Adaptive Sampling Strategies	388	(1)
Estimating FM Error or Uncertainty as an Adaptation Strategy	389	(2)
Initializing and Updating the Fitting Models	391	(1)
Application of MBPE to Spectral-Domain Observables	391	(11)
Non-Adaptive Modeling	392	(3)
Adaptive Modeling	395	(4)
Filtering Noisy Spectral Data	399	(1)
Estimating Data Accuracy	399	(3)
Waveform-Domain MBPE	402	(5)
Radiation-Pattern Analysis and Synthesis	403	(1)
Adaptive Sampling of Far-Field Patterns	404	(3)
Inverse Scattering	407	(1)
Other EM Fitting Models	407	(3)
Antenna Source Modeling Using MBPE	408	(1)
MBPE Applied to STEM	409	(1)
MBPE Application to a Frequency-Domain Integral Equation, First-Principles Models	410	(17)
The Two Application Domains in Integral-Equation Modeling	413	(1)
Formulation-Domain Modeling	414	(1)
Waveform-Based MBPE in the Formulation Domain	414	(1)
Modeling Frequency Variations: Antenna Applications	415	(2)
Modeling Frequency Variations: Elastodynamic Scattering	417	(1)
Modeling Spatial Variations: The Sommerfeld Problem	417	(3)
Modeling Spatial Variations: Waveguide Fields	420	(1)
Modeling Spatial Variations: Moment-Method Impedance Matrices	421	(3)
Using Spectral MBPE in the Solution Domain	424	(1)
Modeling the Admittance Matrix	424	(1)
Sampling Admittance-Matrices Derivatives	425	(2)
Observations and Concluding Comments	427	(10)
Appendix 9.1: Estimating Data Rank	429	(2)
Appendix 9.2: Using the Matrix Pencil to Estimate Waveform-Domain Parameters	431	(2)
References	433	(4)
Adaptive Decomposition in Electromagnetics	437	(37)
Joseph W. Burns
Nikola S. Subotic
Introduction	437	(1)
Adaptive Decomposition	438	(2)
Overdetermined Dictionaries	440	(3)
Physics-Based Dictionaries	441	(2)
Data-Based Dictionaries	443	(1)
Solution Algorithms	443	(10)
Method of Frames	444	(1)
Best Orthogonal Basis	444	(1)
Basis Pursuit	445	(1)
Basis Pursuit Decomposition Example	446	(2)
Matching Pursuit	448	(1)
Matching Pursuit Decomposition Example	449	(1)
Reweighted Minimum Norm	450	(1)
Reweighted Minimum Norm Decomposition Example	451	(2)
Applications	453	(17)
Scattering Decomposition for Inverse Problems	454	(1)
Identification of Scattering Centers in Range Profiles	454	(3)
Identification of Scattering Centers in SAR Imagery	457	(3)
Decompositions for Data Filtering	460	(1)
Measurement Contamination Mitigation	461	(7)
Current Decomposition for Forward Problems	468	(1)
Basis Transformation	468	(1)
Adaptive Construction of Basis Functions	469	(1)
Conclusion	470	(4)
References	470	(4)
PART III ANALYTICAL METHODS
Lommel Expansions in Electromagnetics	474	(49)
Douglas H. Werner
Introduction	474	(2)
The Cylindrical Wire Dipole Antenna	476	(10)
The Cylindrical Wire Kernel	478	(3)
The Uniform Current Vector Potential and Electromagnetic Fields	481	(5)
The Thin Circular Loop Antenna	486	(23)
An Exact Integration Procedure for Near-Zone Vector Potentials of Thin Circular Loops	489	(1)
Examples	490	(1)
Fourier Cosine Series Representation of the Loop Current	490	(5)
The Uniform Current Loop Antenna	495	(3)
The Cosinusoidal Current Loop Antenna	498	(3)
General Far-Field Approximations	501	(1)
The Traveling-Wave Current Loop Antenna	501	(8)
A Generalized Series Expansion	509	(5)
Applications	514	(5)
Conclusion	519	(4)
References	520	(3)
Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory	523	(30)
Nader Engheta
Introduction	523	(1)
What is Meant by Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory?	524	(5)
A Recipe for Fractionalization of a Linear Operator L	528	(1)
Fractional Paradigm and Electromagnetic Multipoles	529	(7)
Fractional Paradigm and Electrostatic Image Methods for Perfectly Conducting Wedges and Cones	536	(4)
Fractional Paradigm in Wave Propagation	540	(3)
Fractionalization of the Duality Principle in Electromagnetism	543	(4)
Summary	547	(6)
Appendix	547	(1)
References	548	(5)
Spherical-Multipole Analysis in Electromagnetics	553	(56)
Siegfried Blume
Ludger Klinkenbusch
Introduction	553	(3)
Sphero-Conal Coordinates	556	(2)
Spherical-Multipole Analysis of Scalar Fields	558	(10)
Scalar Spherical-Multipole Expansion in Sphero-Conal Coordinates	558	(7)
Scalar Orthogonality Relations	565	(1)
Orthogonality of Lame Products	565	(1)
Orthogonality of Scalar Multipole Functions	566	(1)
Scalar Green's Functions in Sphero-Conal Coordinates	567	(1)
Spherical-Multipole Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields	568	(16)
Vector Spherical-Multipole Expansion of Solenoidal Electromagnetic Fields	568	(3)
Vector Orthogonality Relations	571	(1)
Orthogonality of the Transverse Vector Functions	571	(2)
Orthogonality of the Vector Spherical-Multipole Functions	573	(3)
Dyadic Green's Functions in Sphero-Conal Coordinates	576	(5)
Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Sphero-Conal Coordinates	581	(3)
Applications in Electrical Engineering	584	(25)
Electromagnetic Scattering by a PEC Semi-Infinite Elliptic Cone	584	(3)
Electromagnetic Scattering by a PEC Finite Elliptic Cone	587	(7)
Shielding Properties of a Loaded Spherical Shell with an Elliptic Aperture	594	(5)
Appendix 13.1 Solutions of the Vector Helmholtz Equation	599	(3)
Appendix 13.2 Paths of Integration for the Eigenfunction Expansion of the Dyadic Green's Function	602	(2)
Appendix 13.3 The Euler Summation Technique	604	(2)
References	606	(3)
PART IV NUMERICAL METHODS
A Systematic Study of Perfectly Matched Absorbers	609	(35)
Mustafa Kuzuoglu
Raj Mittra
Introduction	609	(3)
Systematic Derivation of the Equations Governing Perfectly Matched Absorbers	612	(12)
Different PML Realizations for a TM Model Problem	613	(1)
The Split-Field Realization	614	(1)
The Anisotropic Realization	615	(1)
The Bianisotropic Realization	616	(1)
Cartesian Mesh Truncations and Corner Regions	617	(2)
Example of FEM Implementation of the Cartesian PML	619	(1)
Interpretation of the Cartesian PML in Terms of Complex Coordinate Stretching	620	(2)
PMLs in Curvilinear Coordinates	622	(1)
Split-Field (Non-Maxwellian) Realization	623	(1)
Anisotropic Realization	623	(1)
Bianisotropic Realization	624	(1)
Causality and Static PMLs	624	(8)
Constitutive Relations of a Causal PML	625	(2)
Non-Causal PML Media	627	(2)
Static PMLs	629	(3)
Reciprocity in Perfectly Matched Absorbers	632	(6)
Verification of Reciprocity in the Anisotropic and Bianisotropic Realizations	632	(4)
Example of a Non-Reciprocal PML	636	(2)
Conclusion	638	(6)
References	639	(5)
Fast Calculation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Finite Difference Model Applied in Conjunction with the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Approach for Mesh Truncation	644	(22)
Vladimir Veremey
Raj Mittra
Introduction	644	(2)
Finite Difference Mesh Truncation by Means of Anisotropic Dielectric Layers	646	(3)
Perfectly Matched Layers for Mesh Truncation in Electrostatics	647	(2)
α-Technique for FD Mesh Truncation	649	(3)
Wraparound Technique for Mesh Truncation	652	(1)
Two-Step Calculation Method	653	(1)
Numerical Results	654	(8)
Microstrip Line Over a Conducting Plane	654	(1)
Coupled Microstrip Bends Over a Conducting Plane	655	(1)
Crossover	655	(4)
Combinations of Bends and Crossovers Above a Conducting Plane	659	(3)
Two-Comb Structure Over a Ground Plane	662	(1)
Efficient Computation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Domain Decomposition Approach	662	(3)
Conclusion	665	(1)
References	665	(1)
Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodologies for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Complex Media	666	(42)
Jeffrey L. Young
Introduction	666	(1)
Maxwell's Equations and Complex Media	667	(2)
FDTD Method	669	(2)
Non-Dispersive, Anisotropic Media	671	(3)
Cold Plasma	674	(8)
Direct Integration Method One: CP-DIM1	675	(1)
Direct Integration Method Two: CP-DIM2	676	(1)
Direct Integration Method Three: CP-DIM3	676	(1)
Direct Integration Method Four: CP-DIM4	677	(1)
Direct Integration Method Five: CP-DIM5	677	(1)
Recursive Convolution Method One: CP-RCM1	677	(2)
Recursive Convolution Method Two: CP-RCM2	679	(1)
Comparative Analysis	680	(2)
Magnetoionic Media	682	(1)
Isotropic, Collisionless Warm Plasma	683	(3)
Debye Dielectric	686	(7)
Direct Integration Method One: D-DIM1	687	(1)
Direct Integration Method Two: D-DIM2	688	(1)
Direct Integration Method Three: D-DIM3	689	(1)
Recursive Convolution Method One: D-RCM1	689	(1)
Recursive Convolution Method Two: D-RCM2	690	(1)
Comparative Analysis	690	(2)
Parameter Selection	692	(1)
Lorentz Dielectric	693	(6)
Direct Integration Method One: L-DIM1	694	(1)
Direct Integration Method Two: L-DIM2	695	(1)
Direct Integration Method Three: L-DIM3	695	(1)
Recursive Convolution Method One: L-RCM1	696	(1)
Recursive Convolution Method Two: L-RCM2	696	(1)
Comparative Analysis	697	(1)
Numerical Results	698	(1)
Magnetic Ferrites	699	(3)
Nonlinear Dispersive Media	702	(2)
Summary	704	(4)
References	705	(3)
A New Computational Electromagnetics Method Based on Discrete Mathematics	708	(24)
Rodolfo E. Diaz
Franco Deflaviis
Massimo Noro
Nicolaos G. Alexopoulos
Introduction	708	(2)
The Fitzgerald Mechanical Model	710	(3)
Extension to Debye Materials	713	(8)
The Simulation of General Ponderable Media	721	(8)
Non-Linear Dielectrics	721	(2)
How Should Moving Ponderable Media be Modeled?	723	(3)
Collisions Between Pulses and Objects	726	(3)
Conclusion	729	(3)
References	730	(1)
Glossary	731	(1)
Artifical Bianisotropic Composites	732	(39)
Frederic Mariotte
Bruno Sauviac
Sergei A. Tretyakov
Introduction	732	(2)
Chiral Media and Omega Media	734	(9)
Classification of Bianisotropic Composites	734	(1)
Constitutive Equations and Electromagnetic Properties of Chiral Media	735	(1)
The Three General Formulations	736	(2)
Energy Considerations for Material Parameters	738	(1)
Wave Propagation in Chiral Materials	738	(3)
Field Equations for Uniaxial Omega Regions	741	(1)
Plane Eigenwaves, Propagation Factors, and Wave Impedances of Omega Media	741	(2)
Electromagnetic Scattering by Chiral Objects and Medium Modeling	743	(13)
Baseline to Model Bianisotropic Composites	743	(1)
Analytical Integral Equation Method for a Standard Helix	743	(1)
Numerical Integral Equation Method Using the Thin-Wire Approximation	744	(4)
Dipole Representation and Equivalent Polarizabilities for Chiral Scatterers	748	(1)
Calculation of Dipole Moments	748	(1)
Polarizabilities Calculation	749	(1)
Analytical Antenna Model for Canonical Chiral Objects and Omega Scatterers	750	(1)
Antenna Representation for the Chiral Scatterer---Polarizability Dyadic	751	(2)
Antenna Representation for the Omega Scatterer	753	(1)
Composite Modeling: Effective Medium Parameters	754	(1)
Isotropic Chiral Composites	754	(1)
Bianisotropic Composites	755	(1)
A Relation Between the Polarizabilities	756	(1)
Reflection and Transmission in Chiral and Omega Slabs: Applications	756	(11)
Continuity Problems with a Chiral Medium	756	(4)
Properties of a Single Slab	760	(4)
Properties of a Chiral Dallenbach Screen	764	(1)
Reflection and Transmission in Uniaxial Omega Slabs	765	(1)
Zero-Reflection Condition. Omega Slabs on Metal Surface	766	(1)
Future Developments and Applications	767	(4)
References	769	(2)
Index	771	(14)
About the Editors	785