Fundamentals And Applications of Microfluidics

by Nguyen, Nam-Trung; Wereley, Steven T.

• ISBN13: 9781580539722
• ISBN10: 1580539726
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-06-01
• Publisher: Artech House on Demand

Summary

Updating the Artech House bestseller, Fundamentals and Applications of Microfluidics, this newly revised second edition provides you with complete and current coverage of this cutting-edge field. The second edition offers a greatly expanded treatment of nanotechnology, featuring new material on nanoparticle suspensions, nanoscale experimental techniques, carbon nanotubes, DNA, and virus detection. You also find more in-depth discussions on electrokinetics and flow theory.

Author Biography

Nam-Trung Nguyen is an associate professor at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Nanyang Technological University Steven T. Wereley is an associate professor of mechanical engineering at Purdue University

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Introduction	1	(10)
What Is Microfluidics?	1	(5)
Relationships Among MEMS, Nanotechnology, and Microfluidics	1	(3)
Commercial Aspects	4	(1)
Scientific Aspects	5	(1)
Milestones of Microfluidics	6	(2)
Device Development	6	(2)
Technology Development	8	(1)
Organization of the Book	8	(3)
References	9	(2)
Fluid Mechanics Theory	11	(44)
Introduction	11	(7)
Intermolecular Forces	12	(2)
The Three States of Matter	14	(1)
Continuum Assumption	15	(3)
Continuum Fluid Mechanics at Small Scales	18	(21)
Gas Flows	19	(4)
Liquid Flows	23	(2)
Boundary Conditions	25	(5)
Parallel Flows	30	(3)
Low Reynolds Number Flows	33	(3)
Entrance Effects	36	(1)
Surface Tension	37	(2)
Molecular Approaches	39	(5)
MD	40	(2)
DSMC Technique	42	(2)
Electrokinetics	44	(7)
Electro-osmosis	44	(3)
Electrophoresis	47	(2)
Dielectrophoresis	49	(2)
Conclusion	51	(4)
Problems	52	(1)
References	53	(2)
Fabrication Techniques for Microfluidics	55	(62)
Basic Microtechniques	55	(7)
Photolithography	55	(2)
Additive Techniques	57	(2)
Subtractive Techniques	59	(2)
Pattern Transfer Techniques	61	(1)
Functional Materials	62	(7)
Materials Related to Silicon Technology	62	(5)
Polymers	67	(2)
Silicon-Based Micromachining Techniques	69	(12)
Silicon Bulk Micromachining	69	(7)
Silicon Surface Micromachining	76	(5)
Polymer-Based Micromachining Techniques	81	(19)
Thick Resist Lithography	82	(4)
Polymeric Bulk Micromachining	86	(1)
Polymeric Surface Micromachining	87	(4)
Microstereo Lithography	91	(4)
Micromolding	95	(5)
Other Micromachining Techniques	100	(4)
Subtractive Techniques	101	(2)
Additive Techniques	103	(1)
Assembly and Packaging of Microfluidic Devices	104	(4)
Wafer Level Assembly and Packaging	104	(2)
Device Level Packaging	106	(2)
Biocompatibility	108	(9)
Material Response	108	(1)
Tissue and Cellular Response	109	(1)
Biocompatibility Tests	109	(1)
Problems	109	(1)
References	110	(7)
Experimental Flow Characterization	117	(60)
Introduction	117	(5)
Pointwise Methods	117	(1)
Full-Field Methods	118	(4)
Overview of μPIV	122	(22)
Fundamental Physics Considerations of μPIV	122	(16)
Special Processing Methods for μPIV Recordings	138	(3)
Advanced Processing Methods Suitable for Both Micro/Macro-PIV Recordings	141	(3)
μPIV Examples	144	(9)
Flow in a Microchannel	144	(2)
Flow in a Micronozzle	146	(3)
Flow Around a Blood Cell	149	(2)
Flow in Microfluidic Biochip	151	(2)
Conclusions	153	(1)
Extensions of the μPIV Technique	153	(24)
Microfluidic Nanoscope	153	(5)
Microparticle Image Thermometry	158	(9)
Infrared μPIV	167	(2)
Particle Tracking Velocimetry	169	(3)
Problems	172	(1)
References	172	(5)
Microfluidics for External Flow Control	177	(34)
Velocity and Turbulence Measurement	177	(12)
Velocity Sensors	177	(4)
Shear Stress Sensors	181	(8)
Turbulence Control	189	(4)
Microflaps	190	(1)
Microballoon	191	(1)
Microsynthetic Jet	192	(1)
Microair Vehicles	193	(18)
Fixed-Wing MAV	194	(1)
Flapping-Wing MAV	195	(2)
Microrotorcraft	197	(1)
Microrockets	198	(9)
Problems	207	(1)
References	208	(3)
Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microvalves	211	(44)
Design Considerations	213	(26)
Actuators	213	(21)
Valve Spring	234	(3)
Valve Seat	237	(1)
Pressure Compensation Design	238	(1)
Design Examples	239	(11)
Pneumatic Valves	239	(1)
Thermopneumatic Valves	240	(2)
Thermomechanical Valves	242	(2)
Piezoelectric Valves	244	(1)
Electrostatic Valves	245	(2)
Electromagnetic Valves	247	(1)
Electrochemical and Chemical Valves	248	(2)
Capillary-Force Valves	250	(1)
Summary	250	(5)
Problems	251	(1)
References	251	(4)
Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Micropumps	255	(56)
Design Considerations	256	(32)
Mechanical Pumps	256	(13)
Nonmechanical Pumps	269	(19)
Design Examples	288	(15)
Mechanical Pumps	288	(10)
Nonmechanical Pumps	298	(5)
Summary	303	(8)
Problems	303	(1)
References	304	(7)
Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microflow Sensors	311	(28)
Design Considerations	311	(13)
Design Parameters	311	(1)
Nonthermal Flow Sensors	312	(5)
Thermal Flow Sensors	317	(7)
Design Examples	324	(11)
Nonthermal Flow Sensors	324	(3)
Thermal Flow Sensors	327	(8)
Summary	335	(4)
Problems	336	(1)
References	336	(3)
Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microneedles	339	(18)
Design Considerations	341	(7)
Mechanical Design	341	(5)
Delivery Modes	346	(2)
Design Examples	348	(4)
Solid Microneedles	348	(1)
Hollow Microneedles	349	(3)
Summary	352	(5)
Problems	353	(1)
References	353	(4)
Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Micromixers	357	(38)
Design Considerations	359	(15)
Parallel Lamination	360	(3)
Sequential Lamination	363	(1)
Sequential Segmentation	364	(2)
Segmentation Based on Injection	366	(3)
Focusing of Mixing Streams	369	(3)
Formation of Droplets and Chaotic Advection	372	(2)
Design Examples	374	(12)
Passive Micromixers	374	(9)
Active Micromixers	383	(3)
Summary	386	(9)
Problems	388	(1)
References	389	(6)
Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microdispensers	395	(24)
Design Considerations	395	(13)
Droplet Dispensers	395	(9)
In-Channel Dispensers	404	(4)
Design Examples	408	(6)
Droplet Dispensers	408	(4)
In-Channel Dispensers	412	(2)
Summary	414	(5)
Problems	415	(1)
References	416	(3)
Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microfilters and Microseparators	419	(24)
Microfilters	419	(6)
Design Considerations	421	(2)
Design Examples	423	(2)
Microseparator	425	(13)
Cell and Particle Sorter	426	(5)
Chromatography	431	(7)
Summary	438	(5)
Problems	439	(1)
References	439	(4)
Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microreactors	443	(36)
Design Considerations	444	(5)
Specification Bases for Microreactors	444	(1)
Miniaturization of Chemical Processes	445	(1)
Functional Elements of a Microreactor	446	(3)
Design Examples	449	(23)
Gas-Phase Reactors	449	(8)
Liquid-Phase Reactors	457	(7)
Multiphase Reactors	464	(4)
Microreactors for Cell Treatment	468	(2)
Hybridization Arrays	470	(2)
Summary	472	(7)
Problems	472	(1)
References	473	(6)
Appendix A List of Symbols	479	(4)
Appendix B Resources for Microfluidics Research	483	(2)
Appendix C Abbreviations of Different Plastics	485	(2)
Appendix D Linear Elastic Deflection Models	487	(2)
About the Authors	489	(2)
Index	491