Fundamentals of Biomechanics

by Knudson, Duane V.

• ISBN13: 9780387493114
• ISBN10: 0387493115
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-06-15
• Publisher: SPRINGER - VERLAG

Summary

Fundamentals of Biomechanics 2nd edition introduces the exciting world of how human movement is created and how it can be enhanced. The book presents a comprehensive review of the major concepts of biomechanics and summarizes them in nine principles of biomechanics. Throughout the text are numerous examples of applying these principles to the work of kinesiology professionals. Specific case studies are presented in four application chapters: physical education, coaching, strength and conditioning, and sports medicine. This text presents a clear, conceptual understanding of biomechanics and is designed to help students link their personal experience to biomechanical concepts. Biomechanics instructors, researchers, and other professionals helping people to improve movement and decrease the risk of injury, as well as advanced students learning biomechanical principles in biomedical engineering, ergonomics, kinesiology, physics, and sports physiology will find Fundamentals in Biomechanics 2nd edition invaluable.

Author Biography

Dr. Duane Knudson is Associate Dean and Professor of Biomechanics in the Department of Kinesiology at California State University, Chico

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xi
Introduction
Introduction to Biomechanics of Human Movement
What Is Biomechanics?	p. 3
Why Study Biomechanics?	p. 5
Improving Performance	p. 5
Preventing and Treating Injury	p. 9
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis	p. 11
Where Can I Find out about Biomechanics?	p. 12
Scholarly Societies	p. 13
Computer Searches	p. 14
Biomechanics Textbooks	p. 15
Biomechanical Knowledge versus Information	p. 16
Kinds of Sources	p. 16
Evaluating Sources	p. 18
A Word About Right and Wrong Answers	p. 19
Summary	p. 20
Review Questions	p. 21
Key Terms	p. 21
Suggested Reading	p. 21
Web Links	p. 22
Fundamentals of Biomechanics and Qualitative Analysis
Key Mechanical Concepts	p. 23
Mechanics	p. 23
Basic Units	p. 25
Nine Fundamentals of Biomechanics	p. 29
Principles and Laws	p. 29
Nine Principles for Application of Biomechanics	p. 30
Qualitative Analysis	p. 35
Summary	p. 36
Review Questions	p. 36
Key Terms	p. 37
Suggested Reading	p. 37
Web Links	p. 37
Biological/Structural Bases
Anatomical Description and Its Limitations
Review of Key Anatomical Concepts	p. 41
Directional Terms	p. 42
Joint Motions	p. 43
Review of Muscle Structure	p. 46
Muscle Actions	p. 49
Active and Passive Tension of Muscle	p. 51
Hill Muscle Model	p. 51
The Limitations of Functional Anatomical Analysis	p. 53
Mechanical Method of Muscle Action Analysis	p. 53
The Need for Biomechanics to Understand Muscle Actions	p. 56
Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Applications	p. 60
Range-of-Motion Principle	p. 60
Force-Motion Principle	p. 63
Summary	p. 65
Review Questions	p. 66
Key Terms	p. 66
Suggested Reading	p. 66
Web Links	p. 67
Mechanics of the Musculoskeletal System
Tissue Loads	p. 69
Response of Tissues to Forces	p. 69
Stress	p. 70
Strain	p. 70
Stiffness and Mechanical Strength	p. 71
Viscoelasticity	p. 72
Biomechanics of the Passive Muscle-Tendon Unit (MTU)	p. 75
Biomechanics of Bone	p. 76
Biomechanics of Ligaments	p. 77
Three Mechanical Characteristics of Muscle	p. 79
Force-Velocity Relationship	p. 79
Force-Length Relationship	p. 84
Force-Time Relationship	p. 86
Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC)	p. 88
Force-Time Principle	p. 92
Neuromuscular Control	p. 94
The Functional Unit of Control: Motor Units	p. 94
Regulation of Muscle Force	p. 95
Proprioception of Muscle Action and Movement	p. 99
Summary	p. 100
Review Questions	p. 101
Key Terms	p. 101
Suggested Reading	p. 102
Web Links	p. 103
Mechanical Bases
Linear and Angular Kinematics
Linear Motion	p. 107
Speed and Velocity	p. 109
Acceleration	p. 113
Uniformly Accelerated Motion	p. 115
Optimal Projection Principle	p. 117
Angular Motion	p. 121
Angular Velocity	p. 122
Angular Acceleration	p. 123
Coordination Continuum Principle	p. 128
Summary	p. 130
Review Questions	p. 130
Key Terms	p. 131
Suggested Reading	p. 131
Web Links	p. 132
Linear Kinetics
Laws of Kinetics	p. 133
Newton's Laws of Motion	p. 133
Newton's First Law and First Impressions	p. 133
Newton's Second Law	p. 136
Newton's Third Law	p. 137
Inertia Principle	p. 139
Muscle Angle of Pull: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Vectors	p. 141
Qualitative Vector Analysis of Muscle Angle of Pull	p. 141
Quantitative Vector Analysis of Muscle Angle of Pull	p. 143
Contact Forces	p. 145
Impulse-Momentum Relationship	p. 147
Force-Time Principle	p. 149
Work-Energy Relationship	p. 151
Mechanical Energy	p. 151
Mechanical Work	p. 155
Mechanical Power	p. 157
Segmental Interaction Principle	p. 160
Summary	p. 164
Review Questions	p. 165
Key Terms	p. 166
Suggested Reading	p. 166
Web Links	p. 167
Angular Kinetics
Torque	p. 169
Summing Torques	p. 173
Angular Inertia (Moment of Inertia)	p. 174
Newton's Angular Analogues	p. 178
Equilibrium	p. 179
Center of Gravity	p. 180
Principle of Balance	p. 183
Summary	p. 189
Review Questions	p. 190
Key Terms	p. 190
Suggested Reading	p. 191
Web Links	p. 191
Fluid Mechanics
Fluids	p. 193
Fluid Forces	p. 193
Buoyancy	p. 193
Drag	p. 195
Lift	p. 200
The Magnus Effect	p. 203
Principle of Spin	p. 208
Summary	p. 210
Key Terms	p. 210
Review Questions	p. 210
Suggested Reading	p. 210
Web Links	p. 211
Applications of Biomechanics in Qualitative Analysis
Applying Biomechanics in Physical Education
Qualitative Analysis of Kicking Technique	p. 215
Qualitative Analysis of Batting	p. 218
Qualitative Analysis of the Basketball Free Throw	p. 219
Exercise/Activity Prescription	p. 220
Qualitative Analysis of Catching	p. 222
Summary	p. 224
Discussion Questions	p. 224
Suggested Reading	p. 224
Web Links	p. 225
Applying Biomechanics in Coaching
Qualitative Analysis of Throwing Technique	p. 227
Qualitative Analysis of Dribbling Technique	p. 228
Qualitative Analysis of Conditioning	p. 230
Recruitment	p. 231
Qualitative Analysis of Catching	p. 233
Summary	p. 234
Discussion Questions	p. 234
Suggested Reading	p. 234
Web Links	p. 235
Applying Biomechanics in Strength and Conditioning
Qualitative Analysis of Squat Technique	p. 237
Qualitative Analysis of Drop Jumps	p. 239
Exercise Specificity	p. 240
Injury Risk	p. 242
Equipment	p. 244
Summary	p. 244
Discussion Questions	p. 245
Suggested Reading	p. 246
Web Links	p. 246
Applying Biomechanics in Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
Injury Mechanisms	p. 247
Exercise Specificity	p. 248
Equipment	p. 250
Readiness	p. 251
Injury Prevention	p. 252
Summary	p. 253
Discussion Questions	p. 254
Suggested Reading	p. 254
Web Links	p. 255
References	p. 257
Glossary	p. 283
Conversion Factors	p. 297
Suggested Answers to Selected Review Questions	p. 299
Right-Angle Trigonometry Review	p. 305
Qualitative Analysis of Biomechanical Principles	p. 307
Index	p. 309
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