Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems

by Houghtalen, Robert J.; Akan, A. Osman H.; Hwang, Ned H. C.

• ISBN13: 9780136016380
• ISBN10: 0136016383
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-08-07
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Offering a balanced treatment of both theory and practical design solutions, this book examines the fundamental concepts of engineering hydraulics. [NOTE; FROM PREV. ED. TOC] Fundamentals Properties of Water; Water Pressure and Pressure Forces; Water Flow in Pipes; Pipelines and Pipe Networks; Water Pumps; Water Flow in Open Channels; Ground Water Hydraulics; Hydraulic Structures; Water Measurements; Hydraulic Similitude and Model Studies; Hydrology for Design; Graphical Flow Nets: Electric Analog and Numerical Analysis; Solution Charts (Nomographs); Symbols. A very useful reference for practicing engineers who want to review basic principles and their applications in hydraulic engineering systems ***COURSE*** For one-semester undergraduate courses in Hydraulics.

Author Biography

Robert J. Houghtalen, Ph.D., P.E., is Professor and Head of the Civil Engineering Department at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Terre Haute, Indiana. Dr. Houghtalen specializes in the areas of hydrology, hydraulics, and stormwater management. He has taught national seminars for ASCE on a number of computer models including HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and EPA-SWMM. Apart from his academic assignments at Rose-Hulman and Old Dominion University, he has worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wright Water Engineers, Inc. (Denver), the Federal Emergency Management Agency in Washington D.C., and a humanitarian organization in the Sudan. He is co-author of the Federal Highway Administration’s culvert design manual (HDS #5). Prior to this textbook, he has co-authored two others: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, 3Ed. (1996 - Prentice Hall) and Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Stormwater Quality (Wiley).  

 

Prof. Ned H C Hwang received his BSCE from Cheng-kung University in Taiwan, MSCE from UC Berkeley, and PhD in fluid mechanics from Colorado State University. He served as a faculty in Civil Engineering, University of Houston for 25 years. In early 1980s, he developed interests in the flow of blood in cardiovascular systems. He was appointed the Herbert H Herff Chair Professor of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, TN.; 1991-2000, the James L Knight Chair Professor of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL; Since 2000, he was appointed the Director of Biomedical Engineering Division, the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan until his retirement in 2007. During his tenure, his also served four times as the Director of the NATO-ASI (Advanced Study Institutes) in Cardiovascular Engineering; Honorary Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the King’s College Medical School, University of London; the Technion, Haifa, Isreal;

First Nanyang Chair Professor, the Nanyang University of Science and Technology, Singapore; the West China Medical University, Chengdu, China; etc. Professor Hwang has published four books in cardiovascular engineering, and holds five US patents. He is also a founding fellow of AIBME; fellow of ASME.

 

A. Osman Akan holds a B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, and M.S. and PhD degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He has over 30 years of teaching, research, and consulting experience in water resources engineering.  His research is documented in 35 journal articles, and numerous conference papers, reports, and book chapters. He received an outstanding journal paper award from the American Society of Civil Engineers  (ASCE) in 1987. He published three earlier books titled, “Urban Hydrology,” “Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Stormwater Quality, “and “Open Channel Hydraulics.” Professor Akan is an ASCE Fellow and a registered Professional Engineer (PE) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Currently he serves as Associate Dean in the Batten College of Engineering and Technology at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.

 

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xix
Fundamental Properties of Water	p. 1
The Earth's Atmosphere and Atmospheric Pressure	p. 2
The Three Phases of Water	p. 2
Mass (Density) and Weight (Specific Weight)	p. 3
Viscosity of Water	p. 5
Surface Tension and Capillarity	p. 7
Elasticity of Water	p. 8
Forces in a Fluid Field	p. 9
Problems	p. 10
Water Pressure and Pressure Forces	p. 14
The Free Surface of Water	p. 14
Absolute and Gauge Pressures	p. 14
Surfaces of Equal Pressure	p. 17
Manometers	p. 18
Hydrostatic Forces on Flat Surfaces	p. 22
Hydrostatic Forces on Curved Surfaces	p. 27
Buoyancy	p. 30
Flotation Stability	p. 31
Problems	p. 35
Water Flow in Pipes	p. 51
Description of Pipe Flow	p. 51
The Reynolds Number	p. 52
Forces in Pipe Flow	p. 54
Energy in Pipe Flow	p. 56
Loss of Head from Pipe Friction	p. 60
Friction Factor for Laminar Flow	p. 60
Friction Factor for Turbulent Flow	p. 62
Empirical Equations for Friction Head Loss	p. 67
Friction Head Loss-Discharge Relationships	p. 70
Loss of Head in Pipe Contractions	p. 71
Loss of Head in Pipe Expansions	p. 73
Loss of Head in Pipe Bends	p. 75
Loss of Head in Pipe Valves	p. 76
Method of Equivalent Pipes	p. 80
Pipes in Series	p. 80
Pipes in Parallel	p. 81
Problems	p. 83
Pipelines and Pipe Networks	p. 88
Pipelines Connecting Two Reservoirs	p. 88
Negative Pressure Scenarios (Pipelines and Pumps)	p. 92
Branching Pipe Systems	p. 97
Pipe Networks	p. 104
The Hardy-Cross Method	p. 105
The Newton Method	p. 116
Water Hammer Phenomenon in Pipelines	p. 119
Surge Tanks	p. 127
Problems	p. 130
Water Pumps	p. 143
Centrifugal (Radial Flow) Pumps	p. 143
Propeller (Axial Flow) Pumps	p. 149
Jet (Mixed-Flow) Pumps	p. 152
Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curves	p. 153
Single Pump and Pipeline Analysis	p. 154
Pumps in Parallel or in Series	p. 157
Pumps and Branching Pipes	p. 161
Pumps and Pipe Networks	p. 164
Cavitation in Water Pumps	p. 165
Specific Speed and Pump Similarity	p. 169
Selection of a Pump	p. 171
Problems	p. 175
Water Flow in Open Channels	p. 184
Open-Channel Flow Classifications	p. 186
Uniform Flow in Open Channels	p. 188
Hydraulic Efficiency of Open-Channel Sections	p. 194
Energy Principles in Open-Channel Flow	p. 197
Hydraulic Jumps	p. 203
Gradually Varied Flow	p. 206
Classifications of Gradually Varied Flow	p. 208
Computation of Water Surface Profiles	p. 211
Standard Step Method	p. 212
Direct Step Method	p. 214
Hydraulic Design of Open Channels	p. 221
Unlined Channels	p. 223
Rigid Boundary Channels	p. 225
Problems	p. 226
Groundwater Hydraulics	p. 232
Movement of Groundwater	p. 234
Steady Radial Flow to a Well	p. 237
Steady Radial Flow in Confined Aquifers	p. 238
Steady Radial Flow in Unconfined Aquifers	p. 240
Unsteady Radial Flow to a Well	p. 242
Unsteady Radial Flow in Confined Aquifers	p. 242
Unsteady Radial Flow in Unconfined Aquifers	p. 245
Field Determination of Aquifer Characteristics	p. 248
Equilibrium Test in Confined Aquifers	p. 248
Equilibrium Test in Unconfined Aquifers	p. 250
Nonequilibrium Test	p. 252
Aquifer Boundaries	p. 256
Surface Investigations of Groundwater	p. 261
The Electrical Resistivity Method	p. 261
Seismic Wave Propagation Methods	p. 262
Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas	p. 263
Seepage Through Dam Foundations	p. 267
Seepage Through Earth Dams	p. 270
Problems	p. 271
Hydraulic Structures	p. 281
Functions of Hydraulic Structures	p. 281
Dams: Functions and Classifications	p. 282
Stability of Gravity and Arch Dams	p. 284
Gravity Dams	p. 284
Arch Dams	p. 288
Small Earth Dams	p. 289
Weirs	p. 291
Overflow Spillways	p. 296
Side-Channel Spillways	p. 299
Siphon Spillways	p. 302
Culverts	p. 305
Stilling Basins	p. 310
Problems	p. 314
Water Pressure, Velocity, and Discharge Measurements	p. 321
Pressure Measurements	p. 321
Velocity Measurements	p. 323
Discharge Measurements in Pipes	p. 326
Discharge Measurements in Open Channels	p. 331
Sharp-Crested Weirs	p. 331
Broad-Crested Weirs	p. 334
Venturi Flumes	p. 335
Problems	p. 340
Hydraulic Similitude and Model Studies	p. 345
Dimensional Homogeneity	p. 346
Principles of Hydraulic Similitude	p. 347
Phenomena Governed by Viscous Forces: Reynolds Number Law	p. 352
Phenomena Governed by Gravity Forces: Froude Number Law	p. 355
Phenomena Governed by Surface Tension: Weber Number Law	p. 357
Phenomena Governed by Both Gravity and Viscous Forces	p. 358
Models for Floating and Submerged Bodies	p. 358
Open-Channel Models	p. 360
The Pi Theorem	p. 362
Problems	p. 366
Hydrology for Hydraulic Design	p. 371
The Hydrologic Cycle	p. 372
Precipitation	p. 376
Design Storm	p. 380
Surface Runoff and Stream Flow	p. 385
Rainfall-Runoff Relationships: The Unit Hydrograph	p. 387
Rainfall-Runoff Relationships: SCS Procedures	p. 393
Losses from Rainfall and Rainfall Excess	p. 393
Time of Concentration	p. 396
SCS Synthetic Unit Hydrograph	p. 398
SCS Design Hydrograph	p. 401
Storage Routing	p. 402
Hydraulic Design: The Rational Method	p. 410
Design of Stormwater-Collection Systems	p. 412
Design of Stormwater Pipes	p. 415
Problems	p. 418
Statistical Methods in Hydrology	p. 430
Concepts of Probability	p. 431
Statistical Parameters	p. 431
Probability Distributions	p. 435
Normal Distribution	p. 435
Log-Normal Distribution	p. 436
Gumbel Distribution	p. 436
Log-Pearson Type III Distribution	p. 437
Return Period and Hydrologic Risk	p. 439
Frequency Analysis	p. 440
Frequency Factors	p. 440
Testing Goodness of Fit	p. 443
Confidence Limits	p. 445
Frequency Analysis Using Probability Graphs	p. 448
Probability Graphs	p. 448
Plotting Positions	p. 448
Data Plotting and Theoretical Distributions	p. 450
Estimating Future Magnitudes	p. 451
Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationships	p. 452
Applicability of Statistical Methods	p. 455
Problems	p. 455
Symbols	p. 461
Answers to Selected Problems	p. 463
Index	p. 469
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