Fundamentals of Machine Component Design

by Juvinall, Robert C.; Marshek, Kurt M.

• ISBN13: 9780471244486
• ISBN10: 0471244481
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-03-01
• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc

Summary

This indispensable reference reviews the basics of mechanics, strength of materials, and materials properties, and applies these fundamentals to specific machine components. Throughout, the authors stress and promote precise thought in the solution of mechanical component design problems.

Table of Contents

PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS	1	(393)
Mechanical Engineering Design in Broad Perspective	3	(38)
An Overview of the Subject	3	(2)
Safety Considerations	5	(4)
Ecological Considerations	9	(2)
Societal Considerations	11	(3)
Overall Design Considerations	14	(2)
Systems of Units	16	(3)
Methodology for Solving Machine Component Problems	19	(3)
Work and Energy	22	(2)
Power	24	(1)
Conservation of Energy	25	(16)
Load Analysis	41	(40)
Introduction	41	(1)
Equilibrium Equations and Free-Body Diagrams	41	(13)
Beam Loading	54	(4)
Locating Critical Sections---Force Flow Concept	58	(3)
Load Division Between Redundant Supports	61	(2)
Force Flow Concept Applied to Redundant Ductile Structures	63	(18)
Materials	81	(32)
Introduction	81	(1)
The Static Tensile Test---``Engineering'' Stress--Strain Relationships	82	(1)
Implications of the ``Engineering'' Stress--Strain Curve	83	(4)
The Static Tensile Test---``True'' Stress--Strain Relationships	87	(2)
Energy-Absorbing Capacity	89	(1)
Estimating Strength Properties from Penetration Hardness Tests	90	(3)
Use of ``Handbook'' Data for Material Strength Properties	93	(1)
Machinability	94	(1)
Cast Iron	95	(1)
Steel	96	(3)
Nonferrous Alloys	99	(2)
Plastics	101	(12)
Static Body Stresses	113	(62)
Introduction	113	(1)
Axial Loading	113	(3)
Direct Shear Loading	116	(1)
Torsional Loading	117	(3)
Pure Bending Loading, Straight Beams	120	(1)
Pure Bending Loading, Curved Beams	121	(6)
Transverse Shear Loading in Beams	127	(7)
Induced Stresses, Mohr Circle Representation	134	(3)
Combined Stresses---Mohr Circle Representation	137	(4)
Stress Equations Related to Mohr's Circle	141	(1)
Three-Dimensional Stresses	142	(2)
Stress Concentration Factor (Kt)	144	(5)
Importance of Stress Concentration	149	(4)
Residual Stresses Caused by Yielding---Axial Loading	153	(1)
Residual Stresses Caused by Yielding---Bending and Torsional Loading	154	(3)
Thermal Stresses	157	(4)
Importance of Residual Stresses	161	(14)
Elastic Strain,Deflection, and Stability	175	(64)
Introduction	175	(1)
Strain Definition, Measurement, and Mohr Circle Representation	175	(4)
Analysis of Strain---Equiangular Rosettes	179	(2)
Analysis of Strain---Rectangular Rosettes	181	(3)
Elastic Stress---Strain Relationships and Three---Dimensional Mohr Circles	184	(2)
Deflection and Spring Rate---Simple Cases	186	(2)
Beam Deflection	188	(4)
Determining Elastic Deflections by Castigliano's Method	192	(12)
Redundant Reactions by Castigliano's Method	204	(5)
Euler Column Buckling---Elastic Instability	209	(3)
Effective Column Length for Various End Conditions	212	(1)
Column Design Equations---J. B. Johnson Parabola	213	(4)
Eccentric Column Loading---the Secant Formula	217	(1)
Equivalent Column Stresses	218	(1)
Other Types of Buckling	219	(2)
Finite Element Analysis	221	(18)
Failure Theories, Safety Factors, and Reliability	239	(36)
Introduction	239	(3)
Types of Failure	242	(2)
Fracture Mechanics---Basic Concepts	244	(1)
Fracture Mechanics---Applications	245	(5)
The ``Theory'' of Static Failure Theories	250	(1)
Maximum-Normal-Stress Theory	251	(1)
Maximum-Shear-Stress Theory	252	(1)
Maximum-Distortion-Energy Theory (Maximum-Octahedral-Shear-Stress Theory)	253	(2)
Modified Mohr Theory	255	(2)
Selection and Use of Failure Theories	257	(2)
Safety Factors---Concept and Definition	259	(2)
Safety Factors---Selection of a Numerical Value	261	(3)
Reliability	264	(1)
Normal Distributions	265	(2)
Interference Theory of Reliability Prediction	267	(8)
Impact	275	(26)
Introduction	275	(2)
Stress and Deflection Caused by Linear and Bending Impact	277	(9)
Stress and Deflection Caused by Torsional Impact	286	(4)
Effect of Stress Raisers on Impact Strength	290	(11)
Fatigue	301	(54)
Introduction	301	(1)
Basic Concepts	302	(2)
Standard Fatigue Strengths (S'n) for Rotating Bending	304	(6)
Fatigue Strengths for Reversed Bending and Reversed Axial Loading	310	(1)
Fatigue Strength for Reversed Torsional Loading	311	(1)
Fatigue Strength for Reversed Biaxial Loading	312	(1)
Influence of Surface and Size on Fatigue Strength	313	(3)
Summary of Estimated Fatigue Strengths for Completely Reversed Loading	316	(1)
Effect of Mean Stress on Fatigue Strength	317	(9)
Effect of Stress Concentration with Completely Reversed Fatigue Loading	326	(3)
Effect of Stress Concentration with Mean Plus Alternating Loads	329	(8)
Fatigue Life Prediction with Randomly Varying Loads	337	(4)
Effect of Surface Treatments on the Fatigue Strength of a Part	341	(2)
Effect of Surface Treatments---Shot Peening and Others	343	(1)
Thermal and Chemical Surface-Hardening Treatments (Induction Hardening, Carburizing, and Others)	344	(11)
Surface Damage	355	(38)
Introduction	355	(1)
Corrosion: Fundamentals	355	(4)
Corrosion: Electrode and Electrolyte Heterogeneity	359	(2)
Design for Corrosion Control	361	(3)
Corrosion Plus Static Stress	364	(3)
Corrosion Plus Cyclic Stress	367	(1)
Cavitation Damage	368	(1)
Types of Wear	369	(1)
Adhesive Wear	370	(2)
Abrasive Wear	372	(1)
Fretting	373	(1)
Analytical Approach to Wear	374	(3)
Curved-Surface Contact Stresses	377	(8)
Surface Fatigue Failures	385	(1)
Closure	385	(8)
PART 2 APPLICATIONS	393	(434)
Threaded Fasteners and Power Screws	395	(68)
Introduction	395	(1)
Thread Forms, Terminology, and Standards	396	(5)
Power Screws	401	(9)
Static Screw Stresses	410	(5)
Threaded Fastener Types	415	(3)
Fastener Materials and Methods of Manufacture	418	(1)
Bolt Tightening and Initial Tension	418	(5)
Thread Loosening and Thread Locking	423	(3)
Bolt Tension with External Joint-Separating Force	426	(5)
Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Static Loading	431	(8)
Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Fatigue Loading: Fundamentals	439	(7)
Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Fatigue Loading: Using Special Test Data	446	(4)
Increasing Bolted-Joint Fatigue Strength	450	(13)
Rivets, Welding, and Bonding	463	(26)
Introduction	463	(1)
Rivets	463	(4)
Welding Processes	467	(2)
Welded Joints Subjected to Static Axial and Direct Shear Loading	469	(4)
Welded Joints Subjected to Static Torsional and Bending Loading	473	(7)
Fatigue Considerations in Welded Joints	480	(1)
Brazing and Soldering	481	(1)
Adhesives	482	(7)
Springs	489	(50)
Introduction	489	(1)
Torsion Bar Springs	490	(1)
Coil Spring Stress and Deflection Equations	491	(5)
Stress and Strength Analysis for Helical Compression Springs---Static Loading	496	(3)
End Designs of Helical Compression Springs	499	(2)
Buckling Analysis of Helical Compression Springs	501	(1)
Design Procedure for Helical Compression Springs---Static Loading	502	(4)
Design of Helical Compression Springs for Fatigue Loading	506	(9)
Helical Extension Springs	515	(1)
Beam Springs (Including Leaf Springs)	516	(7)
Torsion Springs	523	(1)
Miscellaneous Springs	524	(15)
Lubrication and Sliding Bearings	539	(46)
Types of Lubricants	539	(1)
Types of Sliding Bearings	540	(1)
Types of Lubrication	541	(1)
Basic Concepts of Hydrodynamic Lubrication	542	(2)
Viscosity	544	(5)
Temperature and Pressure Effects on Viscosity	549	(1)
Petroff's Equation for Bearing Friction	550	(2)
Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory	552	(4)
Design Charts for Hydrodynamic Bearings	556	(8)
Lubricant Supply	564	(2)
Heat Dissipation, and Equilibrium Oil Film Temperature	566	(2)
Bearing Materials	568	(1)
Hydrodynamic Bearing Design	569	(8)
Boundary and Mixed-Film Lubrication	577	(2)
Thrust Bearings	579	(1)
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication	579	(6)
Rolling-Element Bearings	585	(34)
Comparison of Alternative Means for Supporting Rotating Shafts	585	(4)
History of Rolling-Element Bearings	589	(1)
Rolling-Element Bearing Types	590	(8)
Design of Rolling-Element Bearings	598	(1)
Fitting of Rolling-Element Bearings	599	(1)
``Catalogue Information'' for Rolling-Element Bearings	599	(1)
Bearing Selection	600	(13)
Mounting Bearings to Provide Properly for Thrust Load	613	(6)
Spur Gears	619	(62)
Introduction and History	619	(1)
Geometry and Nomenclature	620	(10)
Interference and Contact Ratio	630	(4)
Gear Force Analysis	634	(4)
Gear-Tooth Strength	638	(1)
Basic Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Stress (Lewis Equation)	638	(3)
Refined Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Strength: Basic Concepts	641	(3)
Refined Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Strength: Recommended Procedure	644	(6)
Gear-Tooth Surface Durability---Basic Concepts	650	(3)
Gear-Tooth Surface Fatigue Analysis---Recommended Procedure	653	(6)
Spur Gear Design Procedures	659	(5)
Gear Materials	664	(1)
Gear Trains	665	(16)
Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears	681	(44)
Introduction	681	(3)
Helical-Gear Geometry and Nomenclature	684	(3)
Helical-Gear Force Analysis	687	(3)
Helical-Gear-Tooth-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths	690	(2)
Crossed Helical Gears	692	(1)
Bevel Gear Geometry and Nomenclature	692	(2)
Bevel Gear Force Analysis	694	(2)
Bevel-Gear-Tooth-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths	696	(4)
Bevel Gear Trains; Differential Gears	700	(1)
Worm Gear Geometry and Nomenclature	701	(3)
Worm Gear Force and Efficiency Analysis	704	(6)
Worm-Gear-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths	710	(2)
Worm Gear Thermal Capacity	712	(13)
Shafts and Associated Parts	725	(24)
Introduction	725	(1)
Provision for Shaft Bearings	726	(1)
Mounting Parts onto Rotating Shafts	726	(3)
Rotating-Shaft Dynamics	729	(2)
Overall Shaft Design	731	(5)
Keys, Pins, and Splines	736	(3)
Couplings and Universal Joints	739	(10)
Clutches and Brakes	749	(40)
Introduction	749	(1)
Disk Clutches	749	(7)
Disk Brakes	756	(1)
Energy Absorption and Cooling	757	(1)
Cone Clutches and Brakes	758	(2)
Short-Shoe Drum Brakes	760	(4)
External Long-Shoe Drum Brakes	764	(8)
Internal Long-Shoe Drum Brakes	772	(1)
Band Brakes	773	(4)
Materials	777	(12)
Miscellaneous Power Transmission Components	789	(24)
Introduction	789	(1)
Flat Belts	790	(2)
V-Belts	792	(4)
Toothed Belts	796	(1)
Roller Chains	797	(3)
Inverted-Tooth Chains	800	(1)
History of Hydrodynamic Drives	801	(1)
Fluid Couplings	802	(4)
Hydrodynamic Torque Converters	806	(7)
Machine Component Interrelationships---A Case Study	813	(14)
Introduction	813	(1)
Description of Original Hydra-Matic Transmission	814	(3)
Free-Body Diagram Determination of Gear Ratios and Component Loads	817	(5)
Gear Design Considerations	822	(2)
Brake and Clutch Design Considerations	824	(1)
Miscellaneous Design Considerations	825	(2)
Appendix A Units	827	(6)
A-1a Conversion Factors for British Gravitational, English, and SI Units	827	(1)
A-1b Conversion Factor Equalities Listed by Physical Quantity	828	(2)
A-2a Standard SI Prefixes	830	(1)
A-2b SI Units and Symbols	831	(1)
A-3 Suggested SI Prefixes for Stress Calculations	832	(1)
A-4 Suggested SI Prefixes for Linear-Deflection Calculations	832	(1)
A-5 Suggested SI Prefixes for Angular-Deflection Calculations	832	(1)
Appendix B Properties of Sections and Solids	833	(6)
B-1a Properties of Sections	834	(1)
B-1b Dimensions and Properties of Steel Pipe and Tubing Sections	835	(2)
B-2 Mass and Mass Moments of Inertia of Homogeneous Solids	837	(2)
Appendix C Material Properties and Uses	839	(30)
C-1 Physical Properties of Common Metals	840	(1)
C-2 Tensile Properties of Some Metals	841	(10)
C-3a Typical Mechanical Properties and Uses of Gray Cast Iron	842	(1)
C-3b Mechanical Properties and Typical Uses of Malleable Cast Iron	843	(1)
C-3c Average Mechanical Properties and Typical Uses of Ductile (Nodular) Iron	844	(1)
C-4a Mechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels	845	(2)
C-4b Typical Uses of Plain Carbon Steels	847	(1)
C-5a Properties of Some Water-Quenched and Tempered Steels	848	(1)
C-5b Properties of Some Oil-Quenched and Tempered Carbon Steels	849	(1)
C-5c Properties of Some Oil-Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steels	850	(1)
C-6 Effect of Mass on Strength Properties of Steel	851	(1)
C-7 Mechanical Properties of Some Carburizing Steels	852	(1)
C-8 Mechanical Properties of Some Wrought Stainless Steels	853	(1)
C-9 Mechanical Properties of Some Iron-Based Superalloys	854	(1)
C-10 Mechanical Properties, Characterisics, and Typical Uses of some Wrought Aluminum Alloys	855	(1)
C-11 Tensile Properties, Characteristics, and Typical Uses of Some Cast-Aluminum Alloys	856	(1)
C-12 Temper Designations for Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys	857	(1)
C-13 Mechanical Properties of Some Copper Alloys	858	(1)
C-14 Mechanical Properties of Some Magnesium Alloys	859	(1)
C-15 Mechanical Properties of Some Nickel Alloys	860	(1)
C-16 Mechanical Properties of Some Wrought-Titanium Alloys	861	(1)
C-17 Mchanical Properties of Some Zinc Casting Alloys	862	(4)
C-18a Representative Mechanical Properties of Some Common Plastics	863	(1)
C-18b Properties of Some Common Glass-Reinforced and Unreinforced Thermoplastic Resins	864	(1)
C-18c Typical Applications of Common Plastics	865	(1)
C-19 Material Classes and Selected Members of Each Class	866	(3)
Appendix D Shear, Moment, and Deflection Equations for Beams	869	(10)
D-1 Cantilever Beams	870	(1)
D-2 Simply Supported Beams	871	(2)
D-3 Beams with Fixed Ends	873	(1)
D-4 BASIC Program for Determining Elastic Deflections of Stepped Shafts	874	(5)
Appendix E Fits and Tolerances	879	(2)
E-1 Fits and Tolerances for Holes and Shafts	880	(1)
Index	881