Gemstones of the World Newly Revised & Expanded Third Edition

by Schumann, Walter

• ISBN13: 9781402740169
• ISBN10: 1402740166
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Sterling

Summary

Gemstones of the World, the definitive guide to gems for over 20 years, takes the mystery out of appreciating, buying, and selling all kinds. It covers everything from the romance and history of more than 1,400 gemstones to their geographic locations; scientific, physical, and color properties; and the way they are formed, structured, and mined. With many charts and diagrams, Schumann offers full coverage of the optical features of gems - light and color, luminescence, refraction, and inclusions - and about densities and the chemical elements of each stone, with fascinating details on different cuts, polishing, synthetic and imitation gems, hardness, cleavage, classification, trade names, rarity, and much more - all with an easy-to-understand text. And then there are the magnificent photographs of the stones themselves in brilliant full-color, with full data on the facing page. If you wanted only one book on gemstones in your library, this would be the one! Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Preface	7	(1)
Introduction	8	(1)
Gemstones and Their Influence	8	(2)
Terminology	10	(2)
The Nomenclature of Gemstones	12	(2)
Origin and Structure of Gemstones	14	(6)
Crystal Systems	17	(3)
Properties of Gemstones	20	(41)
Hardness	20	(4)
Cleavage and Fracture	24	(1)
Density and Specific Gravity	25	(5)
Weights Used in the Gem Trade	30	(1)
Optical Properties	31	(27)
Color	31	(1)
Color of Streak	32	(1)
Changes in Color	32	(4)
Refraction of Light	36	(4)
Double Refraction	40	(1)
Dispersion	41	(3)
Absorption Spectra	44	(4)
Transparency	48	(1)
Luster	48	(1)
Pleochroism	49	(3)
Light and Color Effects	52	(3)
Luminescence	55	(3)
Inclusions	58	(3)
Deposits and Production of Gemstones	61	(7)
Types of Deposits	62	(2)
Mining Methods	64	(4)
Cutting and Polishing of Gems	68	(14)
Engraving on Stones	69	(1)
Cutting and Polishing Agate	70	(1)
Cutting and Polishing Colored Stones Cabochon Cutting	71	(1)
Faceting	72	(2)
Ball Cutting	74	(1)
Cylinder Cutting	75	(1)
Drilling Gemstones	76	(1)
Cutting and Polishing Diamond	77	(2)
Types and Forms of Cut	79	(3)
Types of Cut	79	(1)
Forms of Cut	80	(2)
Classifications of Gemstones	82	(3)
Scientific Classification	82	(2)
Commercial Classifications	84	(1)
Value of Gemstones	85	(1)
Description of Gemstones	85	(1)
Best-Known Gemstones	86	(108)
Diamond	86	(12)
Diamond Occurrences	88	(1)
Diamond Production	89	(1)
Diamond Trade	90	(1)
Valuation of Diamonds	91	(3)
Famous Diamonds	94	(2)
Development of the Brilliant Cut	96	(2)
Corundum Species	98	(8)
Ruby	98	(4)
Sapphire	102	(4)
Beryl Species	106	(8)
Emerald	106	(4)
Aquamarine	110	(2)
Precious Beryl	112	(2)
Chrysoberyl	114	(2)
Spinel	116	(2)
Topaz	118	(2)
Garnet Group	120	(4)
Pyrope	120	(1)
Almandite	120	(1)
Spessartite	120	(2)
Grossularite	122	(1)
Andradite	122	(1)
Uvarovite	122	(2)
Zircon	124	(2)
Tourmaline Group	126	(4)
Spodumene Species	130	(2)
Hiddenite	130	(1)
Kunzite	130	(2)
Quartz	132	(34)
Rock Crystal	132	(1)
Smoky Quartz	132	(2)
Amethyst	134	(1)
Amethyst Quartz	134	(2)
Citrine	136	(1)
Prasiolite	136	(2)
Rose Quartz	138	(1)
Aventurine	138	(1)
Prase	138	(1)
Blue Quartz	138	(2)
Quartz Cat's-Eye	140	(1)
Hawk's-Eye	140	(1)
Tiger's-Eye	140	(2)
Chalcedony	142	(1)
Carnelian	142	(1)
Sard	142	(2)
Chrysoprase	144	(1)
Bloodstone	144	(2)
Dendritic Agate	146	(1)
Moss Agate	146	(2)
Agate	148	(10)
Layer Stones	158	(4)
Jasper	162	(2)
Petrified Wood	164	(2)
Opal Species	166	(4)
Precious Opal	166	(2)
Fire Opal	168	(1)
Common Opal	168	(2)
Jade (Jadeite and Nephrite)	170	(6)
Jadeite Species	170	(2)
Nephrite	172	(2)
Peridot	174	(2)
Zoisite Species	176	(1)
Tanzanite	176	(2)
Thulite	176	(1)
Anyolite	176	(2)
Hematite	178	(1)
Pyrite	178	(2)
Feldspar Group	180	(1)
Amazonite	180	(4)
Moonstone	180	(1)
Orthoclase	180	(2)
Labradorite	182	(1)
Aventurine Feldspar	182	(2)
Rhodochrosite	184	(1)
Rhodonite	184	(2)
Turquoise	186	(2)
Lapis Lazuli	188	(2)
Sodalite	190	(1)
Azurite	190	(2)
Malachite	192	(2)
Lesser-Known Gemstones	194	(26)
Andalusite	194	(1)
Euclase	194	(2)
Hambergite	196	(1)
Iolite	196	(1)
Phenakite	196	(2)
Dumortierite	198	(1)
Danburite	198	(1)
Axinite	198	(2)
Benitoite	200	(1)
Cassiterite	200	(1)
Epidote	200	(1)
Idocrase	200	(2)
Sinhalite	202	(1)
Kornerupine	202	(2)
Prehnite	204	(1)
Petalite	204	(1)
Scapolite	204	(2)
Diopside	206	(1)
Beryllonite	206	(1)
Brazilianite	206	(2)
Amblygonite	208	(1)
Enstatite	208	(1)
Lazulite	208	(2)
Dioptase	210	(1)
Apatite	210	(1)
Sphene	210	(2)
Kyanite	212	(1)
Scheelite	212	(1)
Variscite	212	(2)
Fluorite	214
Hemimorphite	198	(16)
Smithsonite	214	(2)
Sphalerite	216	(1)
Cerussite	216	(1)
Chrysocolla	216	(2)
Serpentine	218	(1)
Stichtite	218	(1)
Ulexite	218	(1)
Tiger's-Eye Matrix	218	(2)
Gemstones for Collectors	220	(24)
Rocks as Gemstones	244	(6)
Onyx Marble	244	(1)
Mexican Onyx	244	(1)
Landscape Marble	244	(2)
Orbicular Diorite	246	(1)
Obsidian	246	(1)
Moldavite	246	(2)
Alabaster	248	(1)
Agalmatolite	248	(1)
Meerschaum	248	(1)
Fossils	248	(2)
Organic Gemstones	250	(16)
Coral	250	(2)
Jet	252	(1)
Cannel Coal	252	(1)
Ivory	252	(1)
Odontolite	252	(2)
Amber	254	(2)
Pearl	256	(9)
Operculum	265	(1)
Mother of Pearl	265	(1)
New on the Market	266	(2)
Verdite
Charoite
Eclogite
Gneiss
Unakite
Nuummite
Ammonite
Carletonite
Catapleiite
Larimar
Gaspeite
Sugilite
Imitation and Synthetic Gemstones	268	(7)
Imitations	268	(1)
Combined Stones	269	(1)
Synthetic Gemstones	269	(3)
Synthetic Gemstones Without a Natural Model	272	(1)
Genuineness Test for Gemstones	273	(1)
Genuineness for Diamond	273	(2)
Symbolic and Beneficial Gemstones	275	(10)
Cosmic-Astral Symbolic Stones	275	(4)
Medicinal Stones	279	(6)
Bibliography	285	(2)
Table of Constants	287	(17)
Index	304