Geographic Information Systems and Science, 2nd Edition

by Paul Longley (University College London, UK); Michael F. Goodchild (University of California at Santa Barbara); David Maguire (ESRI, Redlands, California); David Rhind (City University, London, UK)

• ISBN13: 9780470870006
• ISBN10: 0470870001
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-04-01
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

The first edition ofGeographic Information Systems and Science has taken the GIS textbook market by storm, selling over 22,000 copies since publication. It isthe most current, authoritative and comprehensive treatment of the field, that goes from fundamental principles to the big picture.GISS 2e builds on the success of the first edition: Completely revised with a new five part structure: Foundations; Principles; Techniques; Analysis; Management and Policy All new personality boxes of current GIS practitioners New chapters on Distributed GIS, Map Production, Geovisualization, Modeling, and Managing GIS Specific coverage of current hot topics: GIS and the New World Order Security, health and well-Being Digital differentiation in GIS consumption The core organizing role of GIS in geography The greening of GIS Grand challenges of GIS science Science and explanation A new suite of instructor resources including a companion website with an on-line lab resource and personal student sullabus and a cehensive Instructor's Manual that maps the textbook to various disciplines and levels of courses.

Table of Contents

Foreword	ix
Addendum	x
Preface	xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations	xv
I Introduction	1	(60)
Systems, science, and study	3	(32)
Introduction: why does GIS matter?	4	(7)
Data, information, evidence, knowledge, wisdom	11	(2)
The science of problem solving	13	(3)
The technology of problem solving	16	(8)
The business of GIS	24	(4)
GISystems, GIScience, and GIStudies	28	(3)
GIS and geography	31	(4)
Questions for further study	33	(1)
Further reading	33	(2)
A gallery of applications	35	(26)
Introduction	36	(3)
Science, geography, and applications	39	(2)
Representative application areas and their foundations	41	(19)
Concluding comments	60	(1)
Questions for further study	60	(1)
Further reading	60	(1)
II Principles	61	(94)
Representing geography	63	(22)
Introduction	64	(1)
Digital representation	65	(2)
Representation for what and for whom?	67	(1)
The fundamental problem	68	(2)
Discrete objects and continuous fields	70	(4)
Rasters and vectors	74	(2)
The paper map	76	(4)
Generalization	80	(2)
Conclusion	82	(3)
Questions for further study	83	(1)
Further reading	83	(2)
The nature of geographic data	85	(24)
Introduction	86	(1)
The fundamental problem revisited	86	(1)
Spatial autocorrelation and scale	87	(3)
Spatial sampling	90	(3)
Distance decay	93	(2)
Measuring distance effects as spatial autocorrelation	95	(6)
Establishing dependence in space	101	(3)
Taming geographic monsters	104	(2)
Induction and deduction and how it all comes together	106	(3)
Questions for further study	107	(1)
Further reading	107	(2)
Georeferencing	109	(18)
Introduction	110	(2)
Placenames	112	(1)
Postal addresses and postal codes	113	(1)
Linear referencing systems	114	(1)
Cadasters and the US Public Land Survey System	114	(1)
Measuring the Earth: latitude and longitude	115	(2)
Projections and coordinates	117	(5)
Measuring latitude, longitude, and elevation: GPS	122	(1)
Converting georeferences	123	(2)
Summary	125	(2)
Questions for further study	126	(1)
Further reading	126	(1)
Uncertainty	127	(28)
Introduction	128	(1)
U1: Uncertainty in the conception of geographic phenomena	129	(7)
U2: Further uncertainty in the measurement and representation of geographic phenomena	136	(8)
U3: Further uncertainty in the analysis of geographic phenomena	144	(8)
Consolidation	152	(3)
Questions for further study	153	(1)
Further reading	153	(2)
III Techniques	155	(106)
GIS Software	157	(20)
Introduction	158	(1)
The evolution of GIS software	158	(1)
Architecture of GIS software	159	(6)
Building GIS software systems	165	(1)
GIS software vendors	165	(2)
Types of GIS software systems	167	(7)
GIS software usage	174	(1)
Conclusion	174	(3)
Questions for further study	174	(1)
Further reading	175	(2)
Geographic data modeling	177	(22)
Introduction	178	(1)
GIS data models	179	(13)
Example of a water-facility object data model	192	(3)
Geographic data modeling in practice	195	(4)
Questions for further study	196	(1)
Further reading	197	(2)
GIS data collection	199	(18)
Introduction	200	(1)
Primary geographic data capture	201	(4)
Secondary geographic data capture	205	(6)
Obtaining data from external sources (data transfer)	211	(4)
Capturing attribute data	215	(1)
Managing a data collection project	215	(2)
Questions for further study	216	(1)
Further reading	216	(1)
Creating and maintaining geographic databases	217	(24)
Introduction	218	(1)
Database management systems	218	(4)
Storing data in DBMS tables	222	(3)
SQL	225	(1)
Geographic database types and functions	226	(1)
Geographic database design	227	(2)
Structuring geographic information	229	(6)
Editing and data maintenance	235	(1)
Multi-user editing of continuous databases	235	(2)
Conclusion	237	(4)
Questions for further study	238	(1)
Further reading	239	(2)
Distributed GIS	241	(20)
Introduction	242	(2)
Distributing the data	244	(6)
The mobile user	250	(7)
Distributing the software: GIServices	257	(2)
Prospects	259	(2)
Questions for further study	259	(1)
Further reading	259	(2)
IV Analysis	261	(122)
Cartography and map production	263	(26)
Introduction	264	(3)
Maps and cartography	267	(3)
Principles of map design	270	(11)
Map series	281	(3)
Applications	284	(3)
Conclusions	287	(2)
Questions for further study	287	(1)
Further reading	287	(2)
Geovisualization	289	(26)
Introduction: uses, users, messages, and media	290	(3)
Geovisualization and spatial query	293	(4)
Geovisualization and transformation	297	(5)
Immersive interaction and PPGIS	302	(7)
Consolidation	309	(6)
Questions for further study	312	(1)
Further reading	313	(2)
Query, measurement, and transformation	315	(26)
Introduction: what is spatial analysis?	316	(4)
Queries	320	(3)
Measurements	323	(6)
Transformations	329	(10)
Conclusion	339	(2)
Questions for further study	339	(1)
Further reading	339	(2)
Descriptive summary, design, and inference	341	(22)
More spatial analysis	342	(1)
Descriptive summaries	343	(9)
Optimization	352	(7)
Hypothesis testing	359	(2)
Conclusion	361	(2)
Questions for further study	362	(1)
Further reading	362	(1)
Spatial modeling with GIS	363	(20)
Introduction	364	(5)
Types of model	369	(7)
Technology for modeling	376	(2)
Multicriteria methods	378	(1)
Accuracy and validity: testing the model	379	(2)
Conclusion	381	(2)
Questions for further study	381	(1)
Further reading	382	(1)
V Management and Policy	383	(104)
Managing GIS	385	(20)
The big picture	386	(4)
The process of developing a sustainable GIS	390	(9)
Sustaining a GIS -- the people and their competences	399	(2)
Conclusions	401	(4)
Questions for further study	402	(1)
Further reading	403	(2)
GIS and management, the Knowledge Economy, and information	405	(20)
Are we all in `managed businesses' now?	406	(2)
Management is central to the successful use of GIS	408	(5)
The Knowledge Economy, knowledge management, and GIS	413	(2)
Information, the currency of the Knowledge Economy	415	(7)
GIS as a business and as a business stimulant	422	(2)
Discussion	424	(1)
Questions for further study	424	(1)
Further reading	424	(1)
Exploiting GIS assets and navigating constraints	425	(22)
GIS and the law	426	(5)
GIS people and their skills	431	(3)
Availability of `core' geographic information	434	(6)
Navigating the constraints	440	(4)
Conclusions	444	(3)
Questions for further study	445	(1)
Further reading	445	(2)
GIS partnerships	447	(24)
Introduction	448	(1)
Collaborations at the local level	448	(2)
Working together at the national level	450	(8)
Multi-national collaborations	458	(1)
Nationalism, globalization, politics, and GIS	459	(5)
Extreme events can change everything	464	(6)
Conclusions	470	(1)
Questions for further study	470	(1)
Further reading	470	(1)
Epilog	471	(16)
Introduction	472	(1)
A consolidation of some recurring themes	472	(6)
Ten `grand challenges' for GIS	478	(7)
Conclusions	485	(2)
Questions for further study	485	(1)
Further reading	486	(1)
Index	487