Germany and the Second World War Volume V: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power (Part 1: Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources, 1939-1941)

by Kroener, Bernhard R.; Muller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans; Osers, Ewald; Brownjohn, John; Crampton, Patricia; Willmott, Louise

• ISBN13: 9780198228875
• ISBN10: 0198228872
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-10-12
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Unparalleled in scope and depth, Germany and the Second World War is a magisterial ten-volume history series that will prove indispensable to historians of the twentieth century. It will be the definitive history of the war from the German point of view. This book, the first part of Volume 5, examines the developments in wartime administration, economy, and personnel resources in Germany and its occupied territories from 1939-1941.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	xi
List of Tables	xvii
Notes on the Authors	xxi
Note on the Translation	xxiii
Abbreviations	xxiv
Glossary of Foreign Terms	xliv
Introduction	1	(8)
PART I Towards Continental Dominion	9	(396)
Hans Umbreit
Plans for the Administration of Occupied Territories Before the Outbreak of War	11	(11)
Stages in the Territorial `New Order' in Europe	22	(146)
Germany's Expansion by `Peaceful' and Warlike Means	22	(99)
Austria	22	(2)
Sudetenland	24	(8)
Bohemia and Moravia	32	(9)
Poland	41	(21)
Denmark	62	(4)
Norway	66	(5)
Western Europe: Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Belgium, France	71	(21)
Yugoslavia and Greece	92	(7)
The Occupied Soviet Territories	99	(22)
Structures of the German Sphere of Power	121	(8)
Lack of Uniformity in Administration	129	(22)
Hitler's Europe	151	(17)
The Preferred `New Order': Territories Annexed De Jure and De Facto	168	(35)
Administration and Safeguarding of the German Sphere of Power	203	(50)
Direct Exercise of Rule and Supervisory Administration	203	(10)
Legislation and Jurisdiction	213	(10)
Securing the Occupied Territories by Police and Military Means	223	(30)
The Exploitation of the Occupied Territories	253	(61)
The Economic `New Order'	253	(7)
Pillage and Methodical Exploitation	260	(38)
Attainment of Financial Advantage	298	(9)
Recruitment of Labour	307	(7)
German Rule in the Occupied Territories: Pretensions and Reality	314	(70)
The `Master Race' and `Ethnic Aliens': German Racial Policy	314	(35)
Ethnic Germans	314	(3)
Slavs	317	(10)
Prisoners of War	327	(4)
Refugees	331	(2)
Jews	333	(16)
German Propaganda in the Occupied Territories	349	(13)
Aspirations towards Cultural Hegemony	362	(14)
Material Hardships and Hunger	376	(8)
Collaboration and Resistance	384	(21)
PART II The Mobilization of the German Economy for Hitler's War Aims	405	(382)
Rolf-Dieter Muller
Preparations for Total War	407	(17)
Improvisation in Lieu of Planning: The `Transitional Economy'	424	(50)
The Abortive Mobilization of September 1939	424	(6)
The Claim to Military Primacy	430	(6)
Curbed Reorientation and the Decentralization of Industrial Production	436	(12)
Polycentrism as a Product of Indecision in the National Socialist Regime	448	(9)
Initial Effects and Consequences of the Blockade	457	(17)
The Organization of Wartime Foreign Trade and the Inception of Economic Warfare	457	(5)
The `Food War'	462	(12)
Makeshift Solutions in Spring 1940	474	(90)
The `Ammunition Crisis': Renewed Mobilization Efforts and Administrative Compromises	474	(21)
The Allocation of Raw Materials as a Means of Controlling Armaments	495	(18)
Coal	503	(1)
Petroleum	504	(2)
Iron and Steel	506	(7)
The First Closure Campaign	513	(13)
Todt in the Ascendant	526	(14)
The Formation of the Reich Ministry for Arms and Ammunition	540	(24)
The Victor's Hubris: Germany Loses its Lead in Armaments After the French Campaign	564	(40)
Mobilization Discontinued Once More	564	(5)
Adjustment to a Postwar Economy	569	(7)
Continental Europe in the Service of the German War Economy	576	(5)
The Reorientation of Arms Manufacture: Shortages and Priorities	581	(23)
The Crippling of Armaments Production	604	(37)
The Struggle for Control of the Armaments Industry	604	(17)
The Second Closure Campaign: Intensified Mobilization in Favour of Armaments Begins in Spring 1941	621	(8)
Hitler Turns East	629	(12)
The Road Into Crisis	641	(81)
Todt's Initiative in the Summer of 1941	641	(6)
Readjustment to a `War of Endurance'?	647	(5)
The New Redirection of Armaments in July 1941	652	(14)
Upheavals in the Domestic Economy	666	(13)
Limits of Economic Expansion	679	(5)
Waiting for a Solution	684	(17)
Goring's Last Appearance as Economic Dictator	701	(7)
Starting-point for Armaments in 1942	708	(14)
Beginnings of a Reorganization of the War Economy at the Turn of 1941/1942	722	(65)
The Search for New Outlooks	722	(36)
The End of the Military Command Economy	758	(15)
From Todt to Speer	773	(14)
PART III The Manpower Resources of the Third Reich in the Area of Conflict between Wehrmacht, Bureaucracy, and War Economy, 1939--1942	787	(368)
Bernhard R. Kroener
Introduction: Blitzkrieg Strategy and Blitzkrieg Economy: The Genesis of a Concept	789	(5)
Organization and Implementation of Military Mobilization	794	(36)
Population Distribution in Wartime: The Lessons of the First World War	794	(9)
The Creation of `Combat-readiness' in the Summer of 1939	803	(3)
The Mobilization of the Wehrmacht	806	(24)
Army	810	(4)
Navy	814	(3)
Luftwaffe	817	(6)
SS Militarized Formations	823	(4)
Reinforced Police Guards	827	(3)
The Wehrmacht Manpower Situation at the Outbreak of War	830	(16)
Replacement of Other Ranks	830	(4)
The Situation regarding Replacement of Non-commissioned Officers	834	(2)
The Officer Corps	836	(10)
`Man Management': Population Distribution in the Area of Tension Between Wehrmacht and War Economy (September 1939--June 1941)	846	(95)
Organizational Structure and Method of Operation of the Military Replacement System	846	(4)
Controlling the Manpower Requirements of the War Economy	850	(17)
Tensions between Full Employment and the Formation of Military Reserves	850	(4)
Experience Gained from the Partial Mobilizations of 1938	854	(4)
Conflicts of Authority over Labour Manpower Control on the Eve of the Attack on Poland	858	(9)
The Process of Industrial Mobilization	867	(1)
Changes in the Employment Situation between September 1939 and June 1941	868	(19)
Manpower Exchange between Home and Forces:	868	(1)
The reserved occupation procedure (Uk-Verfahren)	869	(4)
The release of skilled workers in understaffed occupations (FM-Verfahren)	873	(4)
The Deployment of Manpower in the Territory of the Reich	877	(3)
Employment of Women	880	(4)
Prisoners of War and Foreign Workers	884	(3)
Socio-political Measures and Labour Discipline	887	(5)
Results of the Stocktaking of Industrial Manpower of 31 May 1940	892	(7)
The `Armaments Swerve', June--September 1940	899	(5)
The Development of the Employment Situation between the Fuhrer Order of 28 September 1940 and the Attack on the Soviet Union	904	(19)
The Balance of Forces of the National Economy on 31 May 1941: Human Balance Sheet' and War Statistics	923	(18)
The Development of Military Manpower Control up to the Summer of 1941	941	(60)
The `Ammunition Crisis' and the French Campaign (September 1939--June 1940): Changes in the Personnel Framework and Structure of the Wehrmacht up to the Summer of 1940	941	(15)
New Army Formations up to the Beginning of the French Campaign	944	(2)
Release of Men with First World War Experience	946	(2)
The Qualitative Status of the Army in the Spring of 1940	948	(5)
From SS Militarized Formation to Waffen-SS	953	(3)
From `Sea Lion' to `Barbarossa': The Restructuring of the Wehrmacht between the French Campaign and the Attack on the Soviet Union	956	(10)
Demobilization Projects in June 1940	956	(8)
The Quantitative Changes in the Wehrmacht between May and August 1940	964	(2)
The Manpower Equipment of the Wehrmacht for the War in Eastern Europe, September 1940--June 1941	966	(20)
The Situation regarding Replacement of Officers and Non-commissioned Officers in the Winter of 1940--1941	971	(3)
The Origin of the Fuhrer Order of 20 December 1940	974	(9)
Recall of Soldiers on Leave in Industry	983	(3)
Plans for Army Reorganization after Barbarossa	986	(15)
The Winter Crisis of 1941--1942: The Distribution of Scarcity or Steps Towards a More Rational Management of Personnel	1001	(140)
Inside View of a Crisis	1001	(66)
The Direction of Military Personnel from the Outbreak of the War in the East until the Winter Crisis of 1941--1942	1001	(8)
The Problem of Large-scale Casualties	1009	(14)
Measures to Replenish and Extend the Replacement Army	1023	(6)
Structural Changes in the Army Officer Corps	1029	(14)
Personnel Developments in the Luftwaffe up to the Autumn of 1941	1043	(7)
Crisis Management: The Wehrmacht Leadership and Overcoming the Winter Crisis	1050	(17)
The Distribution of Scarcity	1067	(33)
The Struggle of the Wehrmacht Services for Manpower between Summer 1941 and Spring 1942	1067	(6)
Measures to Ensure the Required Wehrmacht Replacements in the Second Half of 1941	1073	(11)
The Quantitative Development of the Labour Supply in the Armaments Industry between July 1941 and July 1942	1084	(1)
The development of the reserved occupation system May 1941--May 1942	1084	(6)
Measures to transfer German and foreign workers and prisoners of war into the armaments industry	1090	(6)
Food Supply and Health Levels of German Workers 1941--1942 and Measures to Ensure Work Discipline	1096	(4)
The Balance Sheet of the Crisis	1100	(41)
Strength and Losses of the Army and the Other Wehrmacht Services, June 1941--April 1942	1100	(1)
The Study `Combat Strength 42' and the Personnel Situation of the Wehrmacht on the Eve of the 1942 Summer Offensive (Army and Luftwaffe)	1101	(11)
World-power Ideas between Steam Trawlers and Aircraft-carriers: Conceptions and Reality in the Direction of Personnel in the Navy, 1939--1942	1112	(15)
Overall and Regional Distribution of Men Liable for Military Service to the Wehrmacht and the Economy in the Third Year of War; Losses by Year-group, 1939--1945	1127	(14)
Blitzkrieg or Total War? Ideological and Political-Military Implications of the Reaction to the Trauma of the First World War	1141	(14)
Conclusion	1155	(16)
Bernhard R. Kroener
Rolf-Dieter Muller
Hans Umbreit
Bibliography	1171	(30)
Index of Persons	1201