Global America The United States in the Twentieth Century

by Dawley, Alan; Fisher, Chris; McGreevey, Robert

• ISBN13: 9780190279912
• ISBN10: 0190279915
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2099-11-30
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Global America is a new and unique compact text which examines the history of the United States as it affected and continues to affect world history in the 20th and 21st centuries. Migration and immigration are useful conduits for examining the social and political history of states and their relationship to the world and Global America explores those connections seamlessly. This book uses connections between labor, politics, and society to explore U.S. History from the outside in, in a fresh and innovative style.

The text begins with US imperial expansion in the late 19th Century and uses new perspectives to weave together topics such as social reform, the world wars and the rise of conservatism in a way which helps readers gain a new understanding of American leadership in recent years. Global America helps connect US History and World History through an innovative macro perspective in an era of globalization and changing societies.

Table of Contents

Contents
List of Maps
List of Graphs
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
PART I: INDUSTRY AND EMPIRE, 1893-1945
Chapter 1: The United States in the World Economy at the Dawn of the Twentieth Century
1893: World's Columbian Exposition

Progress and Poverty in the World Economy
The Rise of Capitalism
The First Industrial Revolution
Growth and Inequality

World Economy in Three Tiers
Class and Race in the Agrarian South
Uneven Development in the Middle Tier
Brittain: Capitalist Headquarters

The Place of the United States
Corporate Capitalism
Finance Capitalism
Laissez Faire

From Country to City
Mass Migrations
Working-Class Gains and Losses
Labor Unrest
Chicago: Crossroads of Capital and Labor
Responses to Class Conflict

Farm Distress in North America
Populist Revolt
Varieties of Rural Protest
Progress at the World's Fair

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 2: The New Imperialism
Colonial Migrations

The New Imperialism

The New Imperialism and the World Economy
The Tribute of the Market
Imperial Cola

Conflict in the Caribbean
The War of 1898
Formal and Informal Empire
War in the Philippines
The Philippine Insurrection
Debate over Empire: The United States
Debate over Empire: Europe

Empire and Resistance in East Asia
The Open Door in China
The Boxer Rebellion
The Rise of Japan
Japan versus the West

US Sphere of Influence in Latin America
Relations with El Norte
Building the Panama Canal
Business and Empire
Dollar Diplomacy
The Reach of the Monroe Doctrine

Domestic Consequences of Empire
Uncle Sam and Jim Crow

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 3: Reforming Modern Society
Transatlantic Reform: Alice Paul and the Women's Suffrage Movement

Reforming Modern Society
Economic Foundations for Transatlantic Reform

Intellectual Foundations for Reform: Theorizing Modernity and its Discontents
Social Foundations for Reform: Changes in Property and Family
Transatlantic Reform
Reform or Revolution

Revolt Against Patriarchy
New Sexual Morality
Race and Reform

Capitalism and the "Social Question"
Religion and Reform

Social Protection in Comparative Perspective

Comparative Political Economy
Revolution and Reform in Russia, Germany, and Britain
The Road to Reform in the United States
A Special Path?
Similarities between the United States and other Western Nations
The United States in Western Society

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 4: Global Shifts and the First World War, 1914-1918
The American Red Cross in Europe

America and the Great War

Pre-war Internationalism
Underlying Causes of the War: Nationalist Ethnic Tensions and Imperial Rivalries
Outbreak of War in Europe
Early Years of War in Europe
US Neutrality

"Total War" and "People's War"
War for Economies
War for Empire

Increasing US Involvement
The Preparedness Movement
The Testing of Neutrality
The United States in Latin America
US Interventions in Latin America During World War I
Open Door Policy and US Involvement in the World War
On the Home Front
World War I and the Social Contract
US Contribution to Allied Victory
American Ascendance
Antiwar Sentiment

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 5: Revolution and Reaction, 1917-1924
1917: John Reed and Louise Bryant in Russia

American Responses to Revolution

Revolutions in the Agricultural Belt
The United States and Revolutionary Mexico

War and Revolution in Europe
People's Peace and Bolshevik Revolution
Wilson v. Lenin
Separate Peace and Allied Intervention
1919: Millennial Moment
Love and Revolution

Search for Order
Versailles Peace Conference

Postwar Disorders
Disorder in the United States
Clashes along the Color Line
Red Scare
Sacco Vanzetti
The Resurgence of Patriarchy

Retreat from Reform

Retreat from Internationalism
A World Safe for Empire
Washington Naval Conference

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 6: Democracy Faces the Great Depression, 1925-1936
1933: Depression Journey

Democracy Faces the Great Depression

Peaceful Interlude, 1925-29
The American Role in Economic Stabilization
New Woman at Bay
Romance of Consumption
American Culture Overseas
American Model v. Soviet Model

From Boom to Bust
Similar Responses
Gender and Sexuality
Different Responses: Fascist, Communist, Liberal
Depression as a War Emergency
Economic Planning
A New Deal to Save Democracy
Race and Racism

International Relations
Militarism in Japan and Germany
The Spanish Civil War, 1936-39
American Isolation
Good Neighbors? The United States and Latin America

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 7: Global War, 1937-1945
Escape from Nazi-occupied Europe

Global Conflict and Total War

War in Asia

War in Europe
Diplomatic Surprises
Blitzkrieg

US Responses before Pearl Harbor
Marketing the War
Operation Barbarossa
Crimes Against Humanity
Pearl Harbor
The US and the Grand Alliance

Total War
Class Relations and the Social Contract
Labor and Women Workers
Race Changes
Allied Victory: The Russian Contribution
Allied Victory: D-Day and the American Contribution

Endgame
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Sorrow of War

Conclusion
Further Reading


PART II: BURDENS OF THE COLOSSUS, 1945-2012
Chapter 8: America's Cold War Ascendancy, 1945-1954
George Marshall in Moscow: 1947

American Ascendancy in the Cold War
The World in 1945
Internationalism Reborn

Economic Reconstruction, 1944-47

The Challenge of Cooperation at Home

Social Roots of the Imperial Rivalry Between the Superpowers
United States: An Open System
Soviet Union: A Closed System

Cold War Conflict, 1947-54
Consolidating Borders in Europe
Mutual Containment
The Cold War Goes Global
Establishing Borders in Asia
Korean War
Cold War Culture

Colonial Independence
Civil Rights Revival

The Golden Age
Role of the State
The "Americanization" of Western Europe

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 9: American Reform and the Third World, 1955-65
Journey to Freedom: 1957

Reform, the Third World, and the Cold War
The Third World
Sino-Soviet Split
The Lower Tier in the World Economy

Africa in the Cold War
Civil Rights Movement

Consumer Culture
The Empire of Consumption

The Balance of Power, c. 1960
Berlin Crisis
Cuban Revolution
Cuban Missile Crisis
The United States in the Third World

Peaceful Revolution for Civil Rights
African Americans and the Colonial Analogy
Second Reconstruction

Johnson's Great Society
Cold War Liberalism
Liberal Interventionism

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 10: Crisis of Authority, 1965-72
The Tet Offensive: 1968

Crisis of Authority, 1965-1972
Disorder in the Cold War

Global Conflict in Vietnam
Proxy War on the Frontier of Empire
America's War for Empire
Revolutionary Nationalism
Escalation in Vietnam
America's Global Reach

The Black Power Revolt
The Tet Offensive

1968
Conservative Counter-Revolt
America at Impasse

Conservative Dilemma in Vietnam
Cultural Revolutions in the East
Cultural Revolutions in the West
Counter-Culture
Collapse of the New Left
Changing Patterns of Social Reproduction
Feminism and Its Enemies

Conclusion: Mixed Legacy
Further Reading


Chapter 11: Imperial Impasse
1972: Nixon Meets Mao

America at Impasse
Adjusting to Economic Limits

Toward a Multipolar World
China Beckons
The United States Responds
Soviet-American D?tente

Shocks from the Middle East
Nixon's Fall
Defeat in Vietnam

Downshift in the World Economy
Roots of Globalization

Challenges from the Third World
Crisis in Iran

Conclusian
Further Reading


Chapter 12: Converging Global Trends, 1980-1991
The World Car, 1980

Global Convergence

Economic Globalization
The Global Factory
Social Dislocations

Rise of Conservatism
The Politics of Religion
Cultural Conservatives and Family Values
Science and Religion

Free Market Conservatives
Breakthrough to Power

Conservatives in Action
Attack on the Welfare State
Culture Wars

Restoring National Greatness
Cold War II

Cold War in the Third World
The Iran-Contra Scandal
Liberal Response to Conservative Ascendancy

Peace Movement and Renewal of D?tente
End of the Cold War
Assessing the Cold War
End of Soviet Empire
Collapse of the Soviet Union

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 13: The United States as Global Leader, 1990-1999
Michael Jackson in Japan

The US Role in Globalization

Economic Globalization
Finance Capitalism
Factories Move East

The United States in the Global Order
Americanizing the World Economy

World Politics after the Cold War
Regional Settlements
Clinton and Blair
United States as Global Sheriff

North/South Divide
Conditions in the Global South
Backlash Against the Global North
Blowback
Globalization of America: The Open Door in Reverse
US Decline?

Globalization on Trial
Culture Clash
Debt Crisis
Unsustainable Development
Mass Protests: Seattle, 1999

Conclusion
Further Reading


Chapter 14: Global Divergence: The Post-9/11 World
America on the Tigris

Global Divergence

Power Surge
Republican Power
September 11, 2001

Border Closings
Opening up the Middle East
Call to War
Invasion and Occupation of Iraq
The Lonely Superpower
Closing Cultural Borders
Closings in the Open Society
Power Failures
Electoral Reversals, 2006-2008

Problems of the 21st Century
US in the World Economy
Walmart, The Global Department Store
The Search for Global Justice
End of Empire?
Environmental Consequences of Economic Growth
Global Warming

Conclusion
Further Reading

Glossary
Credits

List of Maps
Map 1.1: The World Economy in 3 Tiers
Map 1.2: Share of World Manufacturing Output, 1900
Map 1.3: Mass Migrations from Europe to the Americas
Map 2.1: The New Imperialism, 1870-1914
Map 2.2: The Route to China
Map 3.1: The International Women's Suffrage Movement
Map 3.2: The Pan-African Movement
Map 4.1: World War I, 1914-1918
Map 4.2: U.S. Conventions in Latin America Before World War I
Map 5.1: The United States and Revolutionary Mexico
Map 5.2: The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1922
Map 6.1: Walter Reuther's Journey, 1933-1935
Map 6.2: The Good Neighbor Policy
Map 7.1: George Watt's Escape, November 1943
Map 7.2: D-Day, June 1944
Map 8.1: The Cold War
Map 8.2: The Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe
Map 8.3: The Korean War
Map 8.4: Decolonization in Africa and Asia
Map 9.1: The Division of the Postwar World
Map 9.2: U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe, 1950-1991
Map 9.3: Direct U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean Since World War I
Map 9.4: African Independence
Map 10.1: Urban Riots in the United States, 1965-1970
Map 10.2: The Tet Offensive
Map 11.1: OPEC, Oil, and Geopolitics, 1973
Map 11.2: Latin America and the Caribbean
Map 12.1: The Middle East
Map 12.2: The End of the Soviet Empire
Map 13.1: The First Gulf War, 1990-1991
Map 13.2: The Three Bloc International Economy in the Early 1990s
Map 13.3: Malnutrition in Africa, c. 2000
Map 14.1: Wars and Conflicts in the Middle East, 1990-2012
Map 14.2: The Arab Spring
Map 14.3: NATO Expansion in Eastern Europe
Map 14.4: Global Warming

List of Graphs
Graph 10.1: Birthrates in the United States and Europe, 1965-1973
Graph 10.2: Employment Rates for Married Women in the United States, 1967-2009
Graph 11.1: U.S. Balance of Payments, 1970-1980
Graph 12.1: Nuclear States, 1945-2014
Graph 13.1: Textiles Exports of Selected Countries, 1990-2005
Graph 13.2: The Global Consumption of Coca Cola, 1991-2011