Global Perspectives : A Handbook for Understanding Global Issues

by Kelleher, Ann; Klein, Laura

• ISBN13: 9780136037729
• ISBN10: 0136037720
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This book provides a multidisciplinary vocabulary for explaining general issues and trends facing the contemporary world involving cultural diversity, economic development, the natural environment, and international peace and violence. It affords equal time to the analysis of global issues using alternative perspectives.Eight major case studiesone for each of the central issues exploredencourage the application of concepts and perspectives presented in the narrative. These perspectives include Ethnicity and Global Diversity, Economic Development, Human Ecological Sustainability, World Ecology, and Peace and War.For individuals interested in an introduction to world issuesas they relate to anthropology, sociology, history, and political science.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Introduction to the Modern World	p. 1
Perceptions of the World	p. 2
The Physical World	p. 2
The Political World	p. 3
The Ethnic World	p. 3
Emergence of the Modern World	p. 3
The World in 1350	p. 4
Early European Expansion: 1400s to Early 1600s	p. 6
Later European Expansion: 1600s to Early 1900s	p. 7
Definition of the Modern State	p. 9
Territory	p. 9
Government	p. 10
A Loyal Population	p. 10
Recognition of Other States	p. 11
Trends in the Post-World War II World	p. 11
U.S. Leadership	p. 11
The Soviet Challenge	p. 13
The End of Colonialism	p. 14
Increasing Interconnections	p. 15
Globalization	p. 15
Exponential Increases in International Economic Transactions	p. 16
Integration of International/Global Economic Decision Making	p. 16
Strengthened Political International Governmental Organizations	p. 17
Increases in International Nongovernmental Contacts and Communication	p. 17
Terms and Concepts	p. 18
Discussion Questions	p. 19
Research Projects	p. 19
Internet Resources	p. 19
Ethnicity and Global Diversity	p. 20
Culture: The Definition of Humanity	p. 21
Culture Change	p. 22
Culture and Economic Adaptations	p. 24
Cultures, Subcultures, and Other Cultural Classifications	p. 26
Ethnic Groups	p. 26
Indigenous Peoples	p. 27
Immigration	p. 28
Races	p. 30
Sex	p. 31
Gender	p. 32
Religions	p. 33
Civilizations	p. 33
Classes	p. 34
Reactions to Diversity	p. 35
Ethocentrism	p. 35
Cultural Relativity	p. 35
Racism and Sexism	p. 36
Case Study: Female Genital Surgery	p. 36
Ethnocentrism	p. 40
Gender/Sex	p. 40
Summary	p. 41
Terms and Concepts	p. 41
Discussion Questions	p. 42
Research Projects	p. 42
Internet Resources	p. 42
Perspectives on Ethnicity and Global Diversity	p. 44
Global Primacy	p. 45
Assimilation	p. 46
Acculturation	p. 46
Syncretism	p. 47
State Primacy	p. 48
Patriotism	p. 48
Subjugation	p. 49
Paternalism	p. 49
Critiques from the Global Primacy Perspective	p. 50
Cultural Primacy	p. 51
Tolerance	p. 51
Diversity Within States	p. 52
Diversity Between States	p. 52
Critiques from the Global Primacy and State Primary Perspectives	p. 54
Synthesis	p. 54
Case Study: Nunavut: A New Territory for an Indigenous Nation	p. 54
Foraging Cultures	p. 55
Changes	p. 56
Inuit Nationalism	p. 57
The Territory of Nunavut	p. 58
Analysis	p. 59
Perspectives Applied to Nunavut	p. 60
A View from the Global Primacy Perspective	p. 61
A View from the State Primacy Perspective	p. 62
A View from the Cultural Primacy Perspective	p. 63
Terms and Concepts	p. 64
Discussion Questions	p. 65
Research Projects	p. 65
Internet Resources	p. 65
Economic Development and Structural Poverty	p. 66
Defining the Issue	p. 68
Underdevelopment: A Vicious Cycle	p. 72
Dual Economy	p. 72
Low Productivity	p. 73
Insufficient Capital	p. 73
Lack of Human Services	p. 74
The Colonial Legacy	p. 76
Outside Interventions	p. 78
Trade	p. 78
Aid	p. 79
Private Investment	p. 79
Technical Assistance	p. 80
Contributing Factors	p. 80
Insufficient Natural Resources	p. 81
Explosive Population Growth	p. 81
Lack of Social Cohesion	p. 84
Corruption	p. 85
Case Study: Namibia as a Developing Country	p. 86
Political and Social Factors	p. 87
Interrelated, Structural Economic Factors	p. 88
External Sources of Capital	p. 91
Summary	p. 92
Terms and Concepts	p. 92
Discussion Questions	p. 92
Research Projects	p. 93
Internet Resources	p. 93
Perspectives on Economic Development	p. 94
Liberal Economics	p. 94
Comparative Advantage	p. 95
Policies Needed	p. 95
Dependency	p. 97
Structural Inequality-Neocolonialism	p. 97
Government Intervention	p. 98
International Economic System	p. 99
Critique from the Liberal Economics Perspective	p. 101
Participatory Development	p. 102
Local Decision Making	p. 103
Available Technology	p. 103
Environmental Compatibility	p. 104
Critiques from the Liberal Economics and Dependency Perspectives	p. 105
Case Study: From Peasants to Farmers-Development in the Peruvian Highlands	p. 106
A Tale of Two Irrigation Channels	p. 107
Local Initiative	p. 108
Summary	p. 110
The Three Economic Perspectives Applied to the Case Study	p. 110
A View from the Liberal Economics Perspective	p. 110
A View from the Dependency Perspective	p. 111
A View from the Participatory Development Perspective	p. 111
Terms and Concepts	p. 112
Discussion Questions	p. 112
Research Projects	p. 113
Internet Resources	p. 113
Health of the Planet: Health of the People	p. 114
Ecosystems: The Nature of Environment	p. 114
Interrelationship of Environmental Systems	p. 115
Humans and the Environment	p. 116
Foraging	p. 116
Pastoralism	p. 117
Farming	p. 117
Industrialism	p. 117
Threats to Critical Resources	p. 118
Air	p. 118
Water	p. 122
Land	p. 124
Plants and Animals	p. 126
Resources in Balance	p. 129
Human Health	p. 129
Diseases	p. 129
Healthcare	p. 131
Malnutrition	p. 132
Case Study: Brazil and the Tropical Rain Forest	p. 133
Amazonian Environment	p. 134
Economic Uses of the Amazon	p. 135
Indigenous Peoples	p. 137
Analysis	p. 139
Terms and Concepts	p. 139
Discussion Questions	p. 140
Research Projects	p. 140
Internet Resources	p. 140
Perspectives on Global Health	p. 141
High-Technology Perspective	p. 142
Shared-Technology Perspective	p. 145
Critique from the High-Technology Perspective	p. 146
Appropriate-Technology Perspective	p. 147
Critiques from the High-Technology and Shared-Technology Perspectives	p. 149
Case Study: New Epidemics	p. 150
Perils of a Global Ecosystem	p. 151
Humans and Animals in the New Ecosystem	p. 153
Bioterrorism: Poisoning the Ecosystem	p. 155
Perspectives on the New Epidemics	p. 156
A View from the High-Technology Perspective	p. 156
A View from the Shared-Technology Perspective	p. 158
A View from the Appropriate-Technology Perspective	p. 159
Terms and Concepts	p. 160
Discussion Questions	p. 161
Research Projects	p. 161
Internet Resources	p. 161
Peace and War	p. 162
Anarchic Nature of the International System	p. 163
Sovereignty	p. 164
International Anarchy	p. 164
Power	p. 165
Interconnected Nature of the International System	p. 166
Model of Peace and War	p. 169
War Strategies	p. 170
Balance-of-Power Strategies	p. 176
International-Rule-of-Law Strategies	p. 180
Case Study: Gulf Wars I and II	p. 184
Macro Factors Causing the Wars	p. 184
Micro Analysis	p. 187
Legacy	p. 188
Terms and Concepts	p. 189
Discussion Questions	p. 189
Research Projects	p. 190
Internet Resources	p. 190
Perspectives on Peace and War	p. 191
State Sovereignty	p. 192
Deterrence and Military Power Paradoxes	p. 193
World Order	p. 194
One World	p. 194
Functional Interdependence	p. 195
U.S. Leadership	p. 195
World Government	p. 195
Critique from the State-Sovereignty Perspective	p. 196
Ethnic Autonomy	p. 196
Critiques from the State-Sovereignty and World-Order Perspectives	p. 198
Case Study: The War in Bosnia-Three Peoples in Search of a State	p. 198
A Tangle of Participants	p. 199
The Dayton Accord	p. 205
Analysis	p. 209
Peace and War Perspectives Applied to the War in Bosnia	p. 210
A View from the State Sovereignty Perspective	p. 210
A View from the World Order Perspective	p. 212
A View from the Ethnic Autonomy Perspective	p. 213
Terms and Concepts	p. 215
Discussion Questions	p. 215
Research Projects	p. 215
Internet Resources	p. 215
Glossary	p. 217
References Cited	p. 227
Index	p. 234
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