Government: A Public Administration Perspective: A Public Administration Perspective

by Raadschelders,Jos C. N.

• ISBN13: 9780765611253
• ISBN10: 0765611252
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-03-31
• Publisher: Routledge

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures	xi
Preface and Acknowledgments	xv
Introduction	1	(2)
Government: The Most Central Social Phenomenon of Our Time	3	(30)
Government in an Ever Changing World: Universal but Culture-Bound	4	(2)
What Is New About Government in Our Time?	6	(4)
The Study of Government as a Multidisciplinary Effort	10	(2)
The Study of Public Administration as Integrative Framework	12	(5)
Framing the Study of Government: The Challenge to Balance	17	(9)
The Structure of This Book	26	(3)
The Audience for This Book	29	(4)
Part I. Why Government? The Ideational (Institutional) Level	33	(62)
Citizens and Their Government: Who Needs Whom?	35	(14)
Do People Need Government?	36	(6)
Does Government Need People?	42	(2)
What Type of Government Do Citizens Want?	44	(2)
Definitions of Government from the Juridical and Sociological Angles	46	(2)
Concluding Remarks	48	(1)
The Legal Constitution of Society and Government	49	(16)
The Meaning of Value and of Authority	50	(5)
The Basis for and Regulation of Interaction	55	(2)
Negotiable Authority	57	(2)
Tyrannicide Justified: The Ultimate Price for Abuse of Authority	59	(3)
Concluding Remarks: Relevance for Today	62	(3)
The Moral Constitution of Society and Government	65	(30)
Religion as Foundation for Society and Government	66	(5)
The Role of Religion in the Creation of Contemporary Government	71	(6)
The Secular Challenge: Religion in the Economic and Psychological Perspectives	77	(3)
Ethics and Morality in the Secularized Public Sector	80	(6)
Civil Religion, Civic Culture, and Citizenship as Secular Sources for Moral Guidance	86	(4)
Western Political Cultures: Same Philosophical Roots, Different Policy Choices	90	(3)
Concluding Remarks	93	(2)
Part II. What Services Does Government Provide? The Societal (Institutional) Level	95	(90)
Democracy: Between Local Community and National Government	97	(26)
Democracy Theory and Center(s) of Power	98	(4)
Size and Democracy	102	(3)
Basis for Contemporary Democracy: Collective Identity, Memory, and Morality	105	(2)
Democracy's Desire: To Serve Multiple Communities Efficiently	107	(2)
The Institutional Superstructure I: Models of Democracy	109	(4)
The Institutional Superstructure II: Intergovernmental Relations	113	(8)
Concluding Remarks	121	(2)
Equality Before the Law: Social Justice and the Administration of Justice	123	(18)
Ancient Roots and Modern Expressions of Social Justice	124	(2)
Common Law, Roman Law, Statute Law, and the Functions of Law	126	(2)
Serving Equality Through Avoiding Injustice	128	(3)
The Idea and Organization of Justice: Changes in the Independent Judiciary	131	(2)
Dispersion of Regulatory Powers	133	(3)
The Foundations of International Law and Social Justice	136	(2)
Concluding Remarks: Social Justice Domestically and Internationally	138	(3)
The Nightwatch State: External and Internal Safety	141	(17)
State Making as Theory and in History	142	(5)
The Military for the State in the Past	147	(3)
The Widening Scope of the Military: International Policing in a Multipolar World	150	(1)
Policing Between Repression and Prevention in the Past	151	(2)
Complementary to Safety: Community and Private Policing, Imprisonment, and Civic Militias	153	(2)
From Nightwatch to Welfare State and Beyond	155	(2)
Concluding Remarks	157	(1)
The Welfare State: Novelty and Triumph of the Twentieth Century	158	(27)
Nation Building: Imagined Togetherness in Multiple Communities	160	(2)
Municipalization and Nationalization: Toward Public Welfare	162	(4)
Types of Welfare Regimes and the Alleviation of Poverty	166	(5)
Public Sector Size: Expenditure, Personnel, and Regulation	171	(4)
The Professionalization of the Budget: Mechanisms for Large-Scale Redistribution	175	(4)
Global Welfare: Development Aid and Its Boundaries	179	(2)
Limits to Welfare: Collectivism Off Balance or Social Justice?	181	(2)
Concluding Remarks	183	(2)
Part III. How Does Government Operate? The Organizational (Actor) Level	185	(102)
Efficiency: Government Between Legalist-Administrative and Managerial Values	187	(21)
A Comparative Perspective on Legalist-Administrative and Managerial Values	189	(3)
The Development of Administrative Thought in the United States	192	(4)
Public Administration and Public Management	196	(5)
Public and Private Administration	201	(3)
No Shortcut to Quality: Public Leadership Beyond Tricks	204	(2)
Concluding Remarks	206	(2)
Organizational Structure, Culture, Change, and Reform	208	(39)
The Structure of Public Organizations	210	(8)
Organizational Evolution, Change, and the Environment	218	(5)
Organizational Philosophy and Organizational Culture	223	(6)
Government Reform in the United States, 1880s--1990s: Types, Motives, and Timing	229	(6)
Government Reform in the World, 1980s--1990s: Globalization and Localization	235	(2)
Decentration in Various Guises: Recent Trends	237	(4)
The Structuring of Communication and Information	241	(4)
Concluding Remarks	245	(2)
The Functioning of Government	247	(40)
Societal Concerns, Political Agendas, and Public Policy Making	248	(7)
Models and Theoretical Perspectives of Public Decision Making	255	(8)
The Planning and Management of Implementation	263	(5)
Policy Instruments: State Philosophy and Objective Choice	268	(2)
Short- and Long-Term Perspectives on Government Performance	270	(5)
Much Literature, Less Theory, Lesser Enlightenment?	275	(2)
Numerical Data as the Basis of Policy and of Research	277	(2)
The Western Conceptualization of the Policy Process	279	(5)
The Managerial Trap: Some Closing Remarks	284	(3)
Part IV. Who Governs? The Individual (Actor) Level	287	(82)
Political Officeholders and Political Appointees	289	(21)
The Primacy of Politics and the Authoritative Allocation of Values	290	(4)
The Power of Politicians: The Elitist and Pluralist Perspectives on Decision Making	294	(5)
Our Representatives Are Also the Bureaucracies' Bosses	299	(5)
Bureaucratization of Politics and the Depoliticization of Policy Making	304	(1)
Political-Administrative Relations	305	(3)
Concluding Remarks: Balancing Visionary Leadership and Micromanagement	308	(2)
Bureaucrats and the Civil Service: Between Images and Facts	310	(39)
Bureaucrats: Weber's Second Batch of Dimensions and Other ``Neutral'' Characterizations	312	(4)
Images of Bureaucracy: Fourth Power, Third Force, Second in Line, First for Stereotyping	316	(2)
Negative Images and the Teutonic Tradition of Bureaucrat Bashing	318	(2)
Theoretical Images: The ``Anglo-American'' Warning	320	(3)
Realistic Images: The Abstract Government and the Concrete Bureaucrat	323	(3)
The Development of the Role and Position of the Civil Service in Western Society	326	(7)
Marginalization of Politicians and Politicization of Bureaucracy: General Trends and Cultural Differences	333	(3)
Is It Right That Bureaucrats Have Power?	336	(3)
Representative or Expert Bureaucracy?	339	(3)
Managing the Human Resource	342	(5)
Concluding Remarks	347	(2)
Organized Society: Citizenship, Interest Groups, and Citizen Participation	349	(20)
Changing Notions of Citizenship	351	(2)
Types of Interest Groups and Networks of Interaction: General and Country-Specific Observations	353	(5)
From One to Many Interest Groups	358	(3)
Citizen Participation: Voluntary Associations, Coproduction, and Public-Private Partnership	361	(2)
Between State and Market: Collective Action, the Commons, and Corporatism	363	(4)
Concluding Remarks: Civil Society as Utopian or Realistic Alternative for Public Services	367	(2)
Conclusion	369	(30)
A Holistic Perspective on Government and Governance	371	(28)
Once Again: Observations on the Framework of This Book	373	(3)
Structural Similarities Between Western Societies and Governments	376	(3)
The Balancing of Challenges I: Individualism and Collectivism	379	(4)
The Balancing of Challenges II: Juridical and Sociological Modes of Action	383	(2)
The Balancing of Challenges III: Abstract and Concrete Layers of Understanding	385	(3)
The Balancing of Challenges IV: The Past as Present for the Future	388	(2)
Cultural Differences and Similarities Between Western Societies and Governments	390	(3)
Compartmentalization and the Uncommon Public Servant	393	(3)
Concluding Remarks	396	(3)
Bibliography	399	(26)
Author and Name Index	425	(10)
Subject Index	435