Grammar and Usage in the Classroom

by Lester, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780205306558
• ISBN10: 0205306551
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-09-06
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Grammar and Usage in the Classroom addresses prospective English teachers who need both to learn basic grammar themselves and to prepare themselves to successfully teach grammar.Based on the author's extensive work with school districts, in-service teachers, and hundreds of his own students, the second edition has been thoroughly revised and reorganized into three parts: Grammar; Usage; and A Glossary of Grammatical Terms. The grammar opens with a chapter on the current state of teaching grammar and usage; presents traditional school grammar; and, in the last grammar chapter, introduces a modern descriptive grammar to analyze verb complements.For elementary and secondary teachers and English majors.

Table of Contents

To the Instructor	ix
To the Student	xi
PART 1 Grammar	1	(302)
Teaching Grammar and Usage	3	(15)
Grammar	5	(4)
Some Suggestions about Teaching Grammar	9	(1)
Usage	9	(9)
Causes of Usage Errors	11	(2)
What Can We Do to Help Students Eliminate Usage Errors?	13	(2)
Teaching Grammar and Usage to Non-Native Speakers	15	(3)
Parts of Speech	18	(53)
Nouns	20	(6)
Identifying Common Nouns	21	(5)
Adjectives	26	(8)
Determiners	28	(1)
Descriptive Adjectives	29	(5)
Pronouns	34	(15)
Personal Pronouns	34	(7)
Reflexive Pronouns	41	(4)
Indefinite Pronouns	45	(2)
Demonstrative Pronouns	47	(2)
Verbs	49	(6)
Present Tense	50	(1)
Past Tense	51	(2)
Future Tense	53	(2)
Adverbs	55	(6)
Adverbs that Modify Verbs	55	(3)
Adverbs that Modify Adjectives	58	(2)
Adverbs that Modify Other Adverbs	60	(1)
Prepositions	61	(2)
Conjunctions	63	(2)
Review	65	(6)
Nouns	65	(1)
Adjectives	66	(1)
Pronouns	66	(1)
Verbs	67	(1)
Adverbs	67	(1)
Conjunctions	68	(3)
Basic Sentences and Their Diagrams	71	(44)
Defining Sentence	71	(3)
A Sentence Is a Group of Words Expressing a Complete Thought.	71	(3)
A Sentence contains a Subject and a Predicate.	74	(1)
Subject	74	(4)
Predicate	78	(3)
Verb Complements	81	(1)
Linking Verbs and Their Complements	82	(10)
Common Linking Verbs	82	(2)
All Linking Verbs Describe the Subject	84	(1)
Linking Verbs Have Distinctive Complements	85	(6)
Review of Linking Verbs and Their Complements	91	(1)
Action Verbs and Their Complements	92	(8)
Review of Action Verbs and Their Complements	98	(2)
Summary	100	(4)
Classifying Sentences by Purpose	104	(1)
Diagramming the Basic Sentence	105	(10)
Verb Forms, ``Tense,'' and Helping Verbs	115	(39)
Verb Forms	115	(10)
Base Form	116	(2)
Present Tense	118	(1)
Past Tense	119	(1)
Infinitive	120	(1)
Present Participle	120	(1)
Past Participle	121	(4)
``Tense''	125	(5)
Present and Past Tense	127	(3)
Helping-Verb Constructions	130	(24)
Modals	131	(2)
Perfect	133	(7)
The Progressive	140	(4)
The Passive	144	(3)
Chaining Together Complex Verb Constructions	147	(3)
Combining Complex Verb Structures with the Passive	150	(2)
Review of Multiple Complex Verb Constructions	152	(2)
Phrases	154	(61)
Noun Phrases	155	(1)
Prepositional Phrases	156	(15)
Adjective Phrases	158	(3)
Adverb Phrases	161	(5)
Review of Prepositional Phrases	166	(2)
Diagramming Prepositional Phrases	168	(3)
Appositive Phrases	171	(5)
Diagramming Appositive Phrases	174	(2)
Verbal Phrases	176	(33)
Gerund Phrases	176	(7)
Participles and Participial Phrases	183	(10)
Infinitive Phrases	193	(16)
Chapter Review	209	(6)
Clauses	215	(52)
Independent Clauses	215	(1)
Dependent Clauses	216	(44)
Adjective (Relative) Clauses	216	(14)
Adverb Clauses	230	(14)
Noun Clauses	244	(16)
Sentences Classified According to Structure	260	(3)
Simple Sentences	260	(1)
Compound Sentences	260	(3)
Complex Sentences	263	(1)
Compound-Complex Sentences	263	(1)
Chapter Review	263	(4)
Adjective Clauses	263	(1)
Adverb Clauses	264	(1)
Noun Clauses	264	(1)
Sentences Classified According to Structure	265	(2)
Redefining Verb Complements	267	(36)
Examples of Main Verbs That Take Adverbs and Prepositions as Complements	268	(2)
Adverb	268	(1)
Adverbial of Place	269	(1)
Particular Prepositions	269	(1)
Survey of Verb Complements	270	(29)
Complements of Verbs with No More than a Single Complement	270	(6)
Verbs with More than One Complement	276	(9)
Complements of Phrasal Verbs	285	(14)
Chapter Review	299	(4)
PART II Usage	303	(73)
Guide to Usage Topics	303	(1)
Index of Usage Topics	303	(2)
Usage Topics	305	(71)
Apostrophes	305	(13)
Articles (ESL)	318	(15)
Comma Splices	333	(1)
Commas and Appositives	333	(2)
Commas and Adjective Clauses	335	(1)
Commas and Coordinate Adjectives	335	(4)
Commas and Coordinating Conjunctions	339	(3)
Commas and Introductory Elements	342	(3)
Conjunctive Adverbs	345	(1)
Dangling Modifiers	345	(4)
Fragments	349	(2)
Fused Sentences	351	(1)
Participles Used as Adjectives (ESL)	351	(3)
Progressive Usage (ESL)	354	(2)
Pronoun Errors: I/me; we/us; he/him; she/her; they/them	356	(4)
Pronoun Errors: who and whom	360	(3)
Run-on Sentences (also Comma Splices and Fused Sentences)	363	(4)
Subject-Verb Agreement	367	(9)
PART III Glossary of Grammar Terms	376	(14)
Answers to Exercises	390	(154)
Index	544