Great Events from History

by Chavalas, Mark W.

• ISBN13: 9781587651571
• ISBN10: 1587651572
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-04-01
• Publisher: Salem Pr Inc

Table of Contents

Keyword List of Contents	lxix
List of Maps and Tables	lxxxv
Maps of the Ancient World	lxxxix
400-301 B.C.E. (continued)
312-264 B.C.E., Building of the Appian Way	543	(2)
300-201 B.C.E.
3d century B.C.E., Commercial City of Jenne Is Founded on Niger River	545	(2)
3d century B.C.E. (traditionally 660 B.C.E.), Jimmu Tenno Becomes the First Emperor of Japan	547	(2)
3d century B.C.E. (traditionally 6th century B.C.E.), Laozi Composes the Dao De Jing	549	(3)
c. 300 B.C.E., Euclid Compiles a Treatise on Geometry	552	(2)
c. 300 B.C.E., Izapan Civilization Dominates Mesoamerica	554	(3)
c. 300 B.C.E., Hohokam Culture Arises in American Southwest	557	(2)
c. 300 B.C.E., Stoics Conceptualize Natural Law	559	(2)
c. 300 B.C.E., Yayoi Period Begins	561	(3)
c. 300-c. 100 B.C.E., Berber Kingdoms of Numidia and Mauretania Flourish	564	(2)
c. 300 B.C.E.-c. 100 C.E., Khoikhoi and Kwadi Adopt Pastoral Lifestyle	566	(2)
300 B.C.E.-600 C.E., Construction of the Mahabodhi Temple	568	(2)
287 B.C.E., Lex Hortensia Reforms the Roman Constitution	570	(1)
c. 285-c. 255 B.C.E, Xunzi Develops Teachings That Lead to Legalism	571	(3)
285-160 B.C.E. (traditionally, c. 300 B.C.E.), Composition of the Zhuangzi	574	(2)
c. 275 B.C.E., Greeks Advance Hellenistic Astronomy	576	(3)
c. 273/265-c. 238 B.C.E., Asoka Reigns over India	579	(2)
264-225 B.C.E., First Punic War	581	(3)
c. 250 B.C.E., Discoveries of Archimedes	584	(2)
c. 250 B.C.E., Third Buddhist Council Convenes	586	(3)
c. 250 B.C.E., Tipitaka Is Compiled	589	(2)
250-130 B.C.E., Commissioning of the Septuagint	591	(2)
c. 250 B.C.E.-70 C.E., Dead Sea Scrolls Are Composed	593	(2)
c. 247-207 B.C.E., Buddhism Established in Sri Lanka	595	(2)
c. 245 B.C.E., Diodotus I Founds the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom	597	(2)
245-140 B.C.E., Rise of Parthia	599	(4)
From 240 B.C.E., Exploitation of the Arch	603	(2)
221 B.C.E., Qin Dynasty Founded in China	605	(2)
c. 221-211 B.C.E., Building the Great Wall of China	607	(3)
221-206 B.C.E., Legalist Movement in China	610	(2)
221 B.C.E.-220 C.E., Advances Are Made in Chinese Agricultural Technology	612	(2)
218-201 B.C.E., Second Punic War	614	(4)
c. 212-202? B.C.E., Construction of the Qin Tomb	618	(3)
209-174 B.C.E., Maodun Creates a Large Confederation in Central Asia	621	(2)
206 B.C.E., Liu Bang Captures Qin Capital, Founds Han Dynasty	623	(2)
202 B.C.E., Battle of Zama	625	(2)
200 - 101 B.C.E.
2d century B.C.E., Silk Road Opens	627	(3)
c. 200 B.C.E., Birth of Hinduism	630	(2)
c. 200 B.C.E.-c. 100 C.E., Composition of the Intertestamental Jewish Apocrypha	632	(3)
c. 200 B.C.E.-200 C.E., Bhagavad Gita Is Created	635	(2)
200 B.C.E.-200 C.E., Nasca Lines Drawn in Desert Near Coast of Peru	637	(3)
c. 200 B.C.E.-c. 500 C.E., Hopewell People Construct Earthworks	640	(2)
180 B.C.E., Establishment of the Cursus Honorum	642	(2)
167-142 B.C.E., Revolt of the Maccabees	644	(2)
159 B.C.E., Roman Playwright Terence Dies	646	(3)
c. 155 B.C.E., Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Reaches Zenith Under Menander	649	(2)
149-146 B.C.E., Third Punic War	651	(3)
146 B.C.E., Sack of Corinth	654	(2)
140-87 B.C.E., Wudi Rules Han Dynasty China	656	(2)
139-122 B.C.E., Composition of the Huainanzi	658	(3)
c. 135 B.C.E., Rise of the Pharisees	661	(3)
133 B.C.E., Pergamum Is Transferred to Rome	664	(3)
133 B.C.E., Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus Is Tribune	667	(2)
107-101 B.C.E., Marius Creates a Private Army	669	(2)
104 B.C.E., Dong Zhongshu Systematizes Confucianism	671	(2)
100 - 1 B.C.E.
Early 1st century B.C.E.-225 C.E., Satavahana Dynasty Rises to Power in South India	673	(3)
c. 1st century B.C.E., Indian Buddhist Nuns Compile the Therigatha	676	(2)
1st century B.C.E., Sima Qian Writes Chinese History	678	(2)
1st century B.C.E.-1st century C.E., Compilation of the Lotus Sutra	680	(2)
c. 100 B.C.E.-c. 100 C.E., Celtic Hill Forts Are Replaced by Oppida	682	(3)
c. 100 B.C.E.-c. 200 C.E., Zapotec State Dominates Oaxaca	685	(2)
c. 100 B.C.E.-c. 300 C.E., East African Trading Port of Rhapta Flourishes	687	(2)
95-69 B.C.E., Armenian Empire Reaches Its Peak Under Tigranes the Great	689	(2)
90 B.C.E., Julian Law Expands Roman Citizenship	691	(3)
73-71 B.C.E., Spartacus Leads Slave Revolt	694	(3)
Late 63-January 62 B.C.E., Catiline Conspiracy	697	(2)
c. 60 B.C.E., Druidism Flourishes in Gaul and Britain	699	(3)
58-51 B.C.E., Caesar Conquers Gaul	702	(4)
54 B.C.E., Roman Poet Catullus Dies	706	(3)
51 B.C.E., Cicero Writes De Republica	709	(2)
51-30 B.C.E., Cleopatra VII, Last of Ptolemies, Reigns	711	(3)
46 B.C.E., Establishment of the Julian Calendar	714	(2)
43-42 B.C.E., Second Triumvirate Enacts Proscriptions	716	(3)
September 2, 31 B.C.E., Battle of Actium	719	(2)
27-23 B.C.E., Completion of the Augustan Settlement	721	(3)
19 B.C.E., Roman Poet Vergil Dies	724	(3)
15 B.C.E.-15 C.E., Rhine-Danube Frontier Is Established	727	(3)
November 27, 8 B.C.E., Roman Lyric Poet Horace Dies	730	(2)
c. 6 B.C.E., Birth of Jesus Christ	732	(2)
1 - 100 C.E.
Early 1st century C.E., Pyu Kingdom Develops Urban Culture	734	(1)
1st century C.E., Kingdom of Aksum Emerges	735	(3)
1st century C.E., Tai Peoples Migrate into Southeast Asia	738	(1)
1st-2d century C.E., Fourth Buddhist Council Convenes	739	(3)
1st-3d centuries C.E., Cankam Literature Composed in South India	742	(2)
1st-5th centuries C.E., Alani Gain Power	744	(2)
1st century-c. 627 C.E., Kingdom of Funan Flourishes	746	(2)
c. 1 C.E., Development Begins at Teotihuacan	748	(3)
8 C.E., Ovid's Metamorphoses Is Published	751	(2)
9 C.E., Battle of Teutoburg Forest	753	(3)
9-23 C.E., Wang Mang's Rise to Power	756	(2)
25 C.E., Guang Wudi Restores the Han Dynasty	758	(2)
c. 30 C.E., Condemnation and Crucifixion of Jesus Christ	760	(3)
c. 30 C.E., Preaching of the Pentecostal Gospel	763	(3)
40-43 C.E., Trung Sisters Lead Vietnamese Rebellion Against Chinese	766	(2)
43-130 C.E., Roman Conquest of Britain	768	(4)
c. 50 C.E., Creation of the Roman Imperial Bureaucracy	772	(2)
c. 50-c. 150 C.E., Compilation of the New Testament	774	(2)
January-March, 55 or 56 C.E., Paul Writes His Letter to the Romans	776	(3)
60 C.E., Boudicca Leads Revolt Against Roman Rule	779	(3)
c. 60-68 C.E., Buddhism Enters China	782	(2)
64-67 C.E., Nero Persecutes the Christians	784	(3)
68-69 C.E., Year of the Four Emperors	787	(3)
September 8, 70 C.E., Roman Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem	790	(2)
August 24, 79 C.E., Destruction of Pompeii	792	(2)
90 C.E., Founding of the Classic Period Maya Royal Dynasty at Tikal	794	(3)
c. 90 C.E., Synod of Jamnia	797	(3)
c. 99-105 C.E., Ban Zhao Writes Behavior Guide for Young Women	800	(2)
c. 100-c. 127 C.E., Kushan Dynasty Expands into India	802	(3)
100-127 C.E., Roman Juvenal Composes Satires	805	(2)
c. 100-200 C.E., Construction of the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon at Teotihuacan	807	(3)
c. 100-c. 700 C.E., Moche Build the Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna	810	(2)
101 - 200 C.E.
c. 105 C.E., Cai Lun Invents Paper	812	(1)
c. 110 C.E., Trajan Adopts Anti-Christian Religious Policy	813	(3)
c. 127-c. 152 C.E., Kanishka's Reign Brings Flowering of the Arts	816	(3)
130-135 C.E., Dedication of Aelia Capitolina	819	(2)
142 C.E., Zhang Daoling Founds the Celestial Masters Movement	821	(2)
c. 150 C.E., Asvaghosa Composes Complete Biography of the Buddha	823	(2)
c. 157-201 C.E., Galen Synthesizes Ancient Medical Knowledge	825	(3)
c. 165 C.E., Gaius Creates Edition of the Institutes of Roman Law	828	(1)
184-204 C.E., Yellow Turbans Rebellion	829	(3)
200 C.E., Christian Apologists Develop Concept of Theology	832	(2)
200-800 C.E., Lima Culture Flourishes on the Central Andean Coast	834	(2)
200-900 C.E., Maya Civilization Flourishes	836	(3)
200-1250 C.E., Anasazi Civilization Flourishes in American Southwest	839	(3)
201 - 300 C.E.
c. 3d century C.E., Wang Bi and Guo Xiang Revive Daoism	842	(2)
c. 3d-4th century C.E., Huns Begin Migration West from Central Asia	844	(3)
3d-5th century C.E., Giant Stelae Are Raised at Aksum	847	(3)
c. 220 C.E., Cai Yan Composes Poetry About Her Capture by Nomads	850	(2)
220 C.E., Three Kingdoms Period Begins in China	852	(2)
c. 220 C.E., Ulpian Issues Dictum in Rome	854	(2)
224 C.E., Ardashir I Establishes the Sasanian Empire	856	(2)
c. 230-1300 C.E., Manichaeanism Begins in Mesopotamia	858	(2)
c. mid-3d century C.E., Himiko Rules the Yamatai	860	(2)
250 C.E., Outbreak of the Decian Persecution	862	(2)
c. 250 C.E., Saint Denis Converts Paris to Christianity	864	(2)
265 C.E., Sima Yan Establishes the Western Jin Dynasty	866	(2)
284 C.E., Inauguration of the Dominate in Rome	868	(2)
c. 286 C.E., Saint Anthony of Egypt Begins Ascetic Life	870	(2)
290-300 C.E., West African Gold First Reaches North Africa	872	(2)
c. 300 C.E., Licchavi Dynasty Begins in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal	874	(2)
300-400 C.E., Bantu People Invent Copper Metallurgy	876	(2)
c. 300-600 C.E., Three Kingdoms Period Forms Korean Culture	878	(2)
c. 300-710 C.E., Kofun Period Unifies Japan	880	(3)
301 - 400 C.E.
4th century C.E., Ezana Expands Aksum, Later Converts to Christianity	883	(2)
4th-11th centuries C.E., Ancient Ghana Emerges	885	(2)
309-379 C.E., Shapur II Reigns over Sasanian Empire	887	(3)
October 28, 312 C.E., Conversion of Constantine to Christianity	890	(3)
313-395 C.E., Inception of Church-State Problem	893	(3)
316 C.E., Western Jin Dynasty Falls	896	(3)
325 C.E., Adoption of the Nicene Creed	899	(2)
November 24, 326-May 11, 330 C.E., Constantinople Is Founded	901	(3)
361-363 C.E., Failure of Julian's Pagan Revival	904	(3)
Late 4th-5th century C.E., Asanga Helps Spread Mahayana Buddhism	907	(2)
August 9, 378 C.E., Battle of Adrianople	909	(2)
380-392 C.E., Theodosius's Edicts Promote Christian Orthodoxy	911	(3)
c. 380-c. 415 C.E., Gupta Dynasty Reaches Its Peak Under Chandragupta II	914	(3)
c. 382-c. 405 C.E., Saint Jerome Creates the Vulgate	917	(3)
386 C.E., Toba Establishes the Northern Wei Dynasty in China	920	(3)
390-430 C.E. or later, traditionally r. 270-310, Ojin Tenno, First Historical Emperor of Japan, Reigns	923	(2)
397-402 C.E., Ge Chaofu Founds the Lingbao Tradition of Daoism	925	(3)
399 C.E., Chinese Monk Faxian Travels to India	928	(2)
c. 400 C.E., Kalidasa Composes Sanskrit Poetry and Plays	930	(2)
401 - 476 C.E.
c. 5th century C.E., Lydenburg Bantus Sculpt Life-Size Terra-cotta Heads	932	(2)
5th or 6th century C.E., First Major Text on Hinduism's Great Goddess Is Compiled	934	(1)
c. 405 C.E., Statesman Tao Qian Becomes Farmer and Daoist Poet	935	(3)
August 24-26, 410 C.E., Gothic Armies Sack Rome	938	(2)
413-427 C.E., Saint Augustine Writes The City of God	940	(3)
415 C.E., Mathematician and Philosopher Hypatia Is Killed in Alexandria	943	(2)
420 C.E., Southern Dynasties Period Begins in China	945	(3)
428-431 C.E., Nestorian Controversy	948	(2)
439 C.E., Vandals Seize Carthage	950	(2)
445-453 C.E., Invasions of Attila the Hun	952	(2)
449 C.E., Saxon Settlement of Britain Begins	954	(3)
c. 450 C.E., Conversion of Ireland to Christianity	957	(2)
c. 450-500 C.E., Era of the Nine Saints	959	(3)
July, 451 C.E., Battle of Chalons	962	(3)
October 8-25, 451 C.E., Council of Chalcedon	965	(3)
460-477 C.E., Buddhist Temples Built at Ajanta Caves in India	968	(1)
c. 470 C.E., Bodhidharma Brings Chan Buddhism to China	969	(4)
September 4,476 C.E., Fall of Rome	973	(4)
Time Line	977	(23)
Glossary	1000	(6)
Bibliography	1006	(8)
Web Sites	1014
Chronological List of Entries	iii
Category Index of Entries	xiii
Geographical Index of Entries	xxvii
Personages Index	xxxvii
Subject Index	xlvii