Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership

by Marriner-Tomey

• ISBN13: 9780323028646
• ISBN10: 0323028640
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-19
• Publisher: Mosby

Summary

This well-respected text is designed to teach readers about leadership and the management process, as well as supplying practical information about nursing administration. Chapters in Part 1 lay the foundation for what it takes to lead in the clinical setting, such as communication, stress management, decision-making, power, and politics. In Part 2, management skills and issues are presented including financial management, culture and change, and development and evaluation of personnel. Throughout this edition, an emphasis on a global approach reflects the dynamic and evolving clinical environment. The logical chapter organization divides content between Leadership (Part 1) and Management (Part 2). Current, relevant research is referenced in discussions of management and leadership principles. Contributions have been drawn from business and the social sciences as they relate to nursing management. Enhanced content is provided on diversity, technology, nursing informatics, cost effectiveness, legal and ethical, and the reduction of errors through continuous quality improvement. New information on disasters and bioterrorism is now included in the organizational structure chapter. A new interior design makes information accessible and easy to follow. Important content highlights the differences between younger and older workers, with strategies for recruitment and retention.

Table of Contents

PART ONE LEADERSHIP	1	(208)
Communications	3	(24)
Communication Process	4	(1)
Basic Communication Skills	5	(1)
Communication Principles	6	(1)
Methods of Communication	6	(1)
Use of Computers for Communication	7	(1)
Communication Systems	8	(3)
Downward Communication	9	(1)
Upward Communication	9	(1)
Lateral Communication	10	(1)
Diagonal Communication	10	(1)
The Grapevine	10	(1)
Barriers to Communication	11	(2)
Gender Differences	12	(1)
Cultural Differences	12	(1)
Improving Communication	13	(3)
Jahari Window	15	(1)
Communicating with Difficult People	16	(1)
Assertiveness	17	(10)
Barriers to Assertiveness	17	(1)
Transactional Analysis	18	(2)
Game Playing	20	(2)
Life Positions	22	(1)
Assertiveness Techniques	23	(4)
Stress Management	27	(28)
Stress Management	28	(10)
Sources of Stress	28	(1)
Stress Response	28	(1)
Symptoms of Stress	29	(1)
Stress Control	30	(4)
Relaxation	34	(3)
Enhancing Self-Esteem	37	(1)
Support Groups	37	(1)
Protection From Workplace Violence	38	(1)
Time Management	38	(1)
Personal Time Management	38	(1)
Maximize Managerial Time	39	(10)
Inventory Activities	39	(1)
Set Goals	39	(1)
Plan Strategies	39	(1)
Plan Schedule	40	(1)
Say No	40	(1)
Use Transition Times	41	(1)
Accelerate Learning	41	(1)
Improve Reading	41	(1)
Improve Memory	41	(1)
Critical Thinking	42	(1)
Streamline Paperwork	42	(1)
Use Computers for Time Management	42	(1)
Use Telephone Calls	43	(1)
Schedule Office Visits	43	(1)
Control Visit Time	43	(1)
Use Meetings Effectively	44	(1)
Delegation	44	(5)
Procrastination	49	(1)
Reasons for Procrastination	49	(1)
Techniques to Stop Procrastination	49	(1)
Maximize Organization Time	49	(6)
Plan	49	(1)
Organize	50	(1)
Staff	51	(1)
Direct	51	(1)
Control	52	(3)
Decision-Making Process and Tools	55	(34)
Decision-Making Process	56	(2)
Identify the Problem and Analyze the Situation	56	(1)
Explore the Alternatives	57	(1)
Choose the Most Desirable Alternative	57	(1)
Implement the Decision	58	(1)
Evaluate the Results	58	(1)
Organizational Models for Decision Making	58	(1)
Rational Model	58	(1)
Political Model	58	(1)
Collegial Model	59	(1)
Bureaucratic Model	59	(1)
Garbage Can Model	59	(1)
Cybernetic Model	59	(1)
Critical Thinking	59	(2)
Purpose or Goal	60	(1)
Central Problem or Question at Issue	60	(1)
Point of View or Frame of Reference	60	(1)
Empirical Dimension	60	(1)
Conceptual Dimension	60	(1)
Assumptions	60	(1)
Implications and Consequences	60	(1)
Inferences and Conclusions	60	(1)
Critical Thinking for the Nursing Process	61	(1)
Group Decision Making	61	(2)
Group Factors	61	(1)
Committee/Task Force Aspects	61	(1)
Committee Functioning	62	(1)
Consensus Building Versus Group Think	63	(1)
Creative Decision Making	63	(7)
The Creative Process	63	(1)
Encouraging Creativity	64	(6)
Developing Creative Thinking Attitudes	70	(1)
Blocks to Creativity	70	(1)
Consultation	70	(1)
Ethical Aspects of Decision Making	71	(3)
Ethical Theories	72	(1)
Ethical Principles	72	(1)
Ethical Positions	73	(1)
Ethical Relationships	73	(1)
Moral Reasoning	74	(1)
Universal Principles of Ethics in a Multicultural World	74	(1)
Ethics Committees	75	(2)
American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses	75	(1)
Canadian Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses	75	(1)
International Council of Nurses' International Code of Ethics for Nurses	76	(1)
Decision-Making Tools	77	(5)
Probability Theory	77	(1)
Simulation, Models, and Games	77	(1)
Gantt Chart	78	(1)
Decision Trees	78	(2)
Program Evaluation and Review Technique	80	(1)
Critical Path Method	81	(1)
Queuing Theory	81	(1)
Linear Programming	82	(1)
Advantages and Limitations of Quantitative Tools for Decision Making	82	(1)
Computers	82	(7)
Motivation and Morale	89	(20)
Motivation	90	(8)
Taylor's Monistic Theory	90	(1)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	90	(2)
Alderfer's Modified Need Hierarchy	92	(1)
McClelland's Basic Needs Theory	92	(1)
Herzberg's Motivation Hygiene (Two-Factor) Theory	93	(1)
Argyris's Psychological Energy Theory	93	(1)
Vroom's Expectancy Theory	94	(1)
Skinner's Positive Reinforcement Theory	95	(1)
Equity Theory	95	(1)
Intrinsic Motivation	95	(1)
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y	96	(1)
Likert's Participative Management Theory	97	(1)
Theory Z	97	(1)
Historical Development of Motivation Theory	97	(1)
Emotional Intelligence	98	(4)
History of Emotional Intelligence	98	(1)
Competencies of Emotional Intelligence	98	(2)
Promoting Emotional Intelligence	100	(2)
Morale	102	(2)
Burnout	104	(1)
Job Satisfaction	104	(5)
Power, Politics, Negotiations, and Labor Relations	109	(34)
Power, Authority, and Politics	110	(11)
Sources of Power	110	(1)
Sources of Personal Power	111	(1)
Sources of Interpersonal Power	111	(1)
Sources of Position Power	111	(1)
Informal Sources of Power	112	(1)
Power Relations	113	(1)
Kinds of Power	113	(1)
Authority	114	(1)
Power and Gender	114	(1)
Empowerment	114	(2)
Empowered Delegation	116	(2)
Politics	118	(3)
Negotiation	121	(7)
Negotiation Process	127	(1)
Essential Rules of Negotiation	128	(1)
Labor Relations	128	(4)
Why Employees Join Unions	128	(1)
Labor Law	129	(3)
Unionization	132	(6)
Organizing Phase	132	(1)
Recognition Phase	133	(2)
Contract Negotiation Phase	135	(1)
Contract Administration	136	(1)
Decertification	137	(1)
Strikes	138	(1)
Types of Strikes	138	(1)
Nurse Managers' Role in Collective Bargaining	139	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Collective Bargaining	139	(4)
Conflict Management	143	(24)
Conflict Theory	144	(5)
Sources of Conflict	144	(1)
Types of Conflict	145	(1)
Reactions to Conflict	146	(2)
Escalation-of-Conflict Tactics	148	(1)
Stages of Conflict	148	(1)
Conflict Management	149	(18)
Approaches to Managing Conflict	149	(1)
Deescalation-of-Conflict Tactics	150	(1)
Strategies for Management of Conflict	151	(1)
Mediation	151	(2)
Arbitration	153	(1)
Intrapersonal Conflict	153	(1)
Interpersonal Conflict	153	(3)
Group Conflict	156	(4)
Intergroup Conflict	160	(1)
Organizational Conflict	161	(1)
Workplace Violence	162	(3)
Prevention of Conflict	165	(2)
Theories of Leadership	167	(42)
Theories of Leadership	168	(8)
Great Man Theory	168	(1)
Charismatic Theory	168	(1)
Trait Theory	169	(2)
Situational Theory	171	(1)
Contingency Theory	171	(2)
Path-Goal Theory	173	(1)
Situational Leadership Theory	174	(1)
Transactional Leadership	175	(1)
Transformational Leadership	175	(1)
Integrative Leadership Model	176	(1)
Development of Management Thought	176	(19)
Scientific Management	177	(1)
Classic Organization	178	(1)
Human Relations	179	(2)
Behavioral Science	181	(7)
Transformational Leadership	188	(2)
Servant Leadership	190	(1)
Learning Organizations	191	(1)
Emotional Intelligence	192	(1)
Results-Based Leadership	193	(2)
Diversity Among Leaders	195	(5)
Diversity	195	(5)
Followership	200	(1)
Character Development	201	(2)
Implications for Nursing Administration	203	(6)
PART TWO MANAGEMENT	209	(269)
Strategic and Operational Planning	211	(18)
Planning Process	212	(3)
History of Strategic Planning	212	(1)
Purpose of Strategic Planning	213	(1)
Strategic Planning Process	213	(2)
Vision	215	(1)
Values	216	(1)
Purpose or Mission Statement	216	(1)
Philosophy	216	(1)
Goals and Objectives	217	(12)
Policies	218	(3)
Procedures	221	(8)
Financial Management Cost Containment, and Marketing	229	(38)
History of Health Care Financing	230	(2)
Budgetary Leadership and Management	232	(1)
Budgets	233	(1)
Prerequisites to Budgeting	234	(1)
Applied Economics	235	(1)
Accounting	236	(1)
Types of Budgets	236	(4)
Operating, or Revenue-and-Expense, Budgets	236	(1)
Personnel Budgets	237	(1)
Capital Expenditure Budgets	238	(1)
Cash Budgets	239	(1)
Flexible Budgets	239	(1)
Historical Approach to Budgeting	239	(1)
Standard Cost	239	(1)
Zero-Based Budgeting	240	(1)
Periodic Budgetary Review	240	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages	241	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Flexible Budgets	241	(1)
Advantages of Budgeting	241	(1)
Disadvantages of Budgeting	241	(1)
Budgeting Process	241	(1)
Cost Containment	242	(6)
Cost Awareness	242	(1)
Cost Fairs	242	(1)
Cost Monitoring	242	(1)
Cost Management	242	(1)
Cost Incentives	243	(1)
Cost Avoidance	243	(1)
Cost Reduction	243	(1)
Cost Control	244	(1)
Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis	245	(2)
Strategic Cost Decisions	247	(1)
Costing Out Nursing Services	248	(1)
Personal Finances	248	(2)
Assess Personal Finances	249	(1)
Money Makes Money	249	(1)
Financial Goals	249	(1)
Investment Strategies	249	(1)
Marketing	250	(17)
Social Marketing	250	(1)
Trends in Marketing	250	(1)
Popcorn and Marigold's Cultural Trends	251	(1)
Leadership and Management of Strategic Planning for Marketing	252	(1)
Market Research	253	(1)
Marketing Concepts	254	(1)
Marketing Process	255	(7)
Implementation	262	(5)
Organizational Concepts and Structures	267	(36)
Factors Affecting Organizational Structures	268	(2)
Organizational Charts	270	(13)
Chain of Command	272	(1)
Centrality	272	(1)
Unity of Command	273	(1)
Authority	273	(1)
Responsibility	273	(1)
Accountability	273	(1)
Span of Management	273	(2)
Levels of Management	275	(1)
Flat Versus Tall Structures	275	(2)
Decentralization Versus Centralization	277	(3)
Line-Staff Relationships	280	(1)
Line-Staff Conflict	281	(2)
Improving Line-Staff Relationships	283	(1)
Organizational Structure	283	(13)
Organizational Redesign, Restructuring, and Reengineering	283	(1)
Formal	283	(1)
Informal	283	(1)
Principles of Organization	284	(2)
Bureaucratic Structure	286	(1)
Line and Staff Structure	287	(1)
Functionalized Line and Staff Structure	287	(1)
Adhocracy Organizational Models	287	(9)
Disease Management	296	(1)
Demand Management	296	(1)
Continuum of Care	297	(6)
Organizational Culture and Change	303	(28)
Culture of Individuals	304	(3)
Values	304	(1)
Attitudes	304	(1)
Perceptions	305	(1)
Cognitive Styles	305	(1)
Attitudes Toward Change	306	(1)
Interpersonal Needs	306	(1)
Personality	306	(1)
Roles	306	(1)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator	307	(1)
Diversity	308	(1)
Management of Cultural Diversity	309	(1)
Organizational Culture	310	(3)
Types of Cultures	311	(1)
Integrated or Differentiated Frames of Reference	312	(1)
Management of Change	313	(8)
Forces That Influence Change	313	(1)
Strategies for Effecting Change	314	(1)
Process of Change	315	(1)
Types of Change	316	(1)
Role of the Manager as Change Agent	317	(1)
Force-Field Analysis	318	(1)
Cultural Change in Organizations	318	(3)
Organizational Development	321	(1)
Behavioral Aspects of Organizational Change	322	(9)
Resistance to Change	323	(2)
Types of Organizational Change	325	(1)
Planning for Change	325	(2)
Strategies for Organizational Change	327	(4)
Selection and Development of Personnel	331	(46)
Selection of Personnel	332	(9)
Dealing With the Nursing Shortage	332	(2)
Recruitment and Retention	334	(2)
Screening of Potential Staff	336	(5)
Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action	341	(5)
Legal Interviewing Questions	344	(2)
Multicultural Workforce	346	(1)
Cultural Diversity	347	(1)
Sexual Preference and Gender	348	(1)
Generational Differences	348	(5)
Americans With Disabilities Act	353	(1)
Job Redesign	354	(7)
Job Analysis	354	(1)
Job Evaluation	354	(1)
Job Design	355	(1)
Job Simplification	355	(1)
Job Rotation	355	(2)
Job Enrichment	357	(1)
Job Descriptions	358	(1)
Career Ladders and Performance Management Plans	358	(3)
Orientation	361	(2)
Staff Development	363	(2)
Preceptorship	364	(1)
Mentorship	365	(1)
Career Planning	365	(2)
Choosing a Field of Nursing	365	(1)
Locating Job Openings	366	(1)
Resume	366	(1)
Interview	367	(1)
Job Procurement	367	(1)
Career Mapping	367	(2)
Group Process	369	(1)
Team Development	370	(7)
Staffing and Scheduling	377	(28)
Assignment Systems for Staffing	378	(8)
Case Method	378	(1)
Functional Nursing	378	(2)
Team Nursing	380	(2)
Modular, or District, Nursing	382	(1)
Primary Nursing	382	(1)
Case Management	383	(1)
Collaborative Practice	384	(1)
Managed Care	385	(1)
Differentiated Practice	386	(1)
Level of Staff	386	(1)
Staffing Schedules	387	(7)
Centralized Scheduling	387	(1)
Decentralized Scheduling	388	(1)
Self-Scheduling	389	(1)
Alternating or Rotating Work Shifts	389	(2)
Permanent Shifts	391	(1)
Block, or Cyclical, Scheduling	391	(1)
Variable Staffing	392	(1)
Eight-Hour Shift, Five-Day Workweek	392	(1)
Ten-Hour Day, Four-Day Workweek	393	(1)
Twelve-Hour Shift, Three Days on and Four Days Off	393	(1)
Baylor Plan---Weekend Alternative	393	(1)
Variables Affecting Staffing	394	(11)
Staffing Studies	394	(1)
Patient Classification Systems	395	(1)
Time Standards	396	(1)
Staffing Formulas	397	(1)
Staffing to Meet Fluctuating Needs	398	(2)
Reductions in Force	400	(5)
Evaluation and Discipline of Personnel	405	(30)
Purposes	406	(1)
Common Errors in Evaluation	406	(2)
Methods of Performance Management	408	(10)
Anecdotal Notes	408	(1)
Checklists	408	(1)
Rating Scales	408	(2)
Ranking	410	(1)
Management by Objectives	410	(3)
Self-Appraisal	413	(1)
Peer Review	413	(2)
Customer or Subordinate Evaluation	415	(1)
360-Degree Feedback	415	(1)
Appraisal Interview	415	(2)
Appraisal Reports	417	(1)
Legal Implications for Performance Appraisals	418	(1)
Discipline of Personnel	418	(3)
Need for Discipline	418	(1)
Principles of Disciplinary Action	418	(2)
Penalties	420	(1)
Components of a Disciplinary Action Program	421	(1)
Discipline Without Punishment	421	(1)
Modification of Employee Behavior	421	(4)
Reinforcement	422	(1)
Shaping	422	(1)
Extinction	422	(1)
Punishment	423	(1)
Behavior Modification for the Employee With a Performance Problem	423	(2)
Problem Employees	425	(4)
Substance Abusers	425	(2)
Angry or Withdrawn Employees	427	(1)
Decreased Productivity	428	(1)
Absenteeism	428	(1)
Terminating Employees	428	(1)
Employee Counseling	429	(1)
Outplacement Counseling	430	(5)
Continuous Quality Improvement, Risk Management, and Program Evaluation	435	(43)
History of Continuous Quality Improvement	436	(2)
Quality Management Heroes	438	(2)
Continuous Quality Improvement	440	(8)
Tools and Processes for Continuous Quality Improvement	441	(7)
Program Evaluation	448	(10)
Calendar of Events	449	(1)
Committee Selection and Functions	449	(1)
Conceptual Framework	449	(1)
Review of the Literature	450	(1)
Program Evaluation Model	450	(1)
Instrument Development	450	(1)
Sources of Internal and External Invalidity	451	(2)
Research Designs	453	(3)
Methods of Data Collection	456	(1)
Sampling	457	(1)
Analysis of Data	458	(1)
Evidence-Based Nursing	458	(1)
History of Regulatory Influences	458	(4)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations	462	(1)
Outcome and Assessment Information Set	462	(1)
Risk Management	462	(2)
Customer Satisfaction	464	(1)
Safety and Security	465	(1)
National Safety Council	465	(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Act	465	(1)
Sources of Law	466	(1)
Categories of Law	467	(4)
Liability Control	471	(1)
Liability Issues	472	(1)
Nurse Licensure	472	(1)
Nurse Practice Acts	472	(1)
Nursing Standards	472	(1)
Patient Care Issues	473	(2)
Patient's Bill of Rights	473	(1)
Informed Consent	473	(1)
Right to Refuse Treatment	473	(1)
Freedom From Chemical or Physical Restraints	474	(1)
Organ Donation	474	(1)
Assisted Suicide	475	(1)
Personnel Issues	475	(1)
Employment-At-Will	475	(1)
Cobra	476	(1)
Diverse Workforce	477	(1)
Testifying	477	(1)
Expert Witnesses	478