A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements

by Talbott; Shawn M

• ISBN13: 9780789014559
• ISBN10: 0789014556
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-02
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Counter hard-sell testimonials and late-night marketing pitches with hard scientific evidence! Written by one of the foremost experts on sports nutrition and performance, A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements takes a critical look at the dietary supplement industry. With an estimated 60 percent of adult Americans using dietary supplements every day, the need for a thorough examination of the hundreds of products on the market is long overdue. This comprehensive guide presents straightforward analysis from a consumer's perspective, giving you the facts on more than 140 supplements and information on which supplements work (and which don't!) for a wide range of health conditions-from preventing cancer and heart disease to fighting diabetes and depression. United States Department of Agriculture surveys show that more than 70 percent of Americans fail to achieve daily recommended levels for many vitamins and minerals. With today's emphasis on fitness, millions are

Table of Contents

Foreword	xv
James M. Rippe
Foreword	xvii
Melvin H. Williams
Preface	xix
Acknowledgments	xxv
Overview of the Dietary Supplement Industry and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act	1	(12)
Introduction	1	(1)
What Are Dietary Supplements?	2	(1)
Why Are Dietary Supplements So Popular?	2	(2)
DSHEA	4	(7)
Sources for Additional Information on Dietary Supplements	11	(2)
The Product Development Process for Dietary Supplements	13	(14)
Introduction	13	(1)
Drug Development As a Model for Dietary Supplements	14	(1)
Consumer Product Development As a Model for Dietary Supplements	15	(2)
New Product Development Approaches	17	(7)
Adapting the NPD Process	24	(1)
Encouraging Creativity	25	(1)
Summary	26	(1)
Critical Evaluation of Dietary Supplements	27	(30)
Introduction	27	(1)
History of Use and Safety	27	(4)
Claims Substantiation	31	(1)
Scientific Support	31	(5)
Third-Party Screening of Dietary Supplements	36	(3)
Putting Dietary Supplement Claims into the Proper Perspective	39	(1)
FDA Guidance on Scientific Review of Health Claims	40	(7)
Advertising and Claims Substantiation for Dietary Supplements	47	(10)
Supplements for Weight Loss	57	(44)
Introduction	57	(1)
Exercise versus Diet	57	(1)
Step Far Away from the Cheesecake	58	(2)
Supplements That May Help	60	(3)
Summary	63	(1)
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)	64	(3)
Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA)	67	(4)
Chitosan	71	(3)
Glucomannan/Konjac	74	(3)
Ma Huang/Ephedra	77	(5)
Guarana	82	(4)
Synephrine/Zhi Shi	86	(3)
Carnitine	89	(4)
Pyruvate	93	(3)
Bladderwrack	96	(2)
White Willow	98	(3)
Sports Supplements and Ergogenic Aids	101	(80)
Introduction	101	(1)
Supplements for Use with Exercise	102	(4)
Functional Categorization of Sports Supplements	106	(4)
Summary	110	(2)
Creatine	112	(6)
Ribose	118	(4)
Amino Acids	122	(3)
Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAS)	125	(4)
Androstenedione	129	(4)
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)	133	(4)
Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)	137	(3)
Tribulus terrestris (Puncture Vine)	140	(3)
Cordyceps sinensis	143	(3)
Glycerol	146	(3)
Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate (OKG) or Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG)	149	(3)
Gamma-Oryzanol/Ferulic Acid/Rice Bran Oil	152	(4)
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)	156	(4)
Sodium Bicarbonate	160	(4)
Protein Supplements	164	(3)
Whey Protein	167	(4)
Carnosine	171	(4)
Proteolytic Enzymes	175	(6)
Supplements for Boosting Energy Levels	181	(36)
Introduction	181	(1)
Daily Eating Strategies	182	(2)
Rest	184	(1)
Supplements	184	(3)
Ginseng	187	(4)
Royal Jelly	191	(4)
Bee Pollen	195	(2)
B-Complex Vitamins	197	(2)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)	199	(2)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)	201	(2)
Rhodiola	203	(3)
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)	206	(3)
Sea Buckthorn	209	(3)
Brewer's Yeast	212	(2)
Inosine	214	(3)
Supplements for Bone Health	217	(24)
Introduction	217	(1)
Factors Associated with Skeletal Health	218	(2)
Dietary Supplements for Healthy Bones	220	(2)
Calcium	222	(5)
Magnesium	227	(3)
Boron	230	(4)
Vitamin D	234	(4)
Vitamin K	238	(3)
Supplements for Joint Health	241	(30)
Introduction	241	(1)
Causes of Arthritis and Conventional Treatments	241	(1)
Practical Advice	242	(1)
Contributing Factors	242	(1)
Dietary Supplements	243	(4)
Summary	247	(1)
Glucosamine	248	(3)
Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)	251	(3)
Boswellia (Boswellia serrata)	254	(2)
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)	256	(3)
Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein (HCP)/Gelatin	259	(3)
Devil's Claw	262	(3)
Green-Lipped Mussel	265	(3)
Sea Cucumber	268	(3)
Supplements for Mood and Brain Health	271	(60)
Introduction	271	(1)
The First Step---Diet and Exercise	272	(1)
Dietary Supplements	272	(4)
St. John's Wort	276	(6)
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)	282	(4)
Phenylalanine/D,L-Phenylalanine (DLPA)	286	(4)
Phosphatidylserine (PS)	290	(4)
Choline	294	(4)
Ginkgo Biloba	298	(6)
Huperzine A (HupA)	304	(4)
Vinpocetine	308	(3)
Kava-Kava	311	(5)
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe)	316	(4)
Valerian	320	(4)
Melatonin	324	(3)
Feverfew	327	(4)
Supplements for Heart Health	331	(62)
Introduction	331	(1)
Opening Blood Vessels	332	(3)
Strengthening the Heart Muscle	335	(2)
Controlling Free Radical Damage	337	(1)
Summary	338	(2)
Red Yeast Rice (RYR)	340	(3)
Soy	343	(5)
Essential Fatty Acids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids	348	(8)
Garlic	356	(4)
Hawthorn	360	(2)
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)/Ubiquinone	362	(4)
Vitamin B6	366	(5)
Vitamin B12	371	(5)
Folic Acid	376	(4)
Niacin	380	(5)
Arginine	385	(4)
Alfalfa	389	(4)
Supplements for Immune System Support	393	(42)
Introduction	393	(1)
Supporting Immune System Function	393	(1)
Supplements	394	(5)
Echinacea	399	(4)
Goldenseal	403	(3)
Astragalus	406	(3)
Vitamin A	409	(4)
Glutamine	413	(4)
Zinc	417	(4)
Colostrum	421	(4)
Beta-Glucans	425	(3)
Perilla Seed	428	(3)
Cat's Claw	431	(4)
Supplements for Antioxidant Protection and Eye Health	435	(62)
Antioxidants---Right Where You Need Them Most	435	(1)
Dietary Supplements	436	(2)
Key Points Regarding Dietary Supplements for Eye Health	438	(2)
Antioxidants	440	(6)
Lutein/Zeaxanthin	446	(4)
Alpha-Lipoic Acid	450	(4)
Bilberry/Blueberry	454	(3)
Beta-Carotene	457	(5)
Selenium	462	(3)
Polyphenols/Bioflavonoids	465	(4)
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)	469	(4)
Vitamin E	473	(8)
Vitamin C	481	(5)
Grape Seed Extract (GSE)/Pine Bark Extract	486	(6)
Quercetin	492	(5)
Supplements for Gastrointestinal Health	497	(40)
Introduction	497	(1)
Common Gastrointestinal Conditions	497	(2)
Supplements That May Be Helpful	499	(4)
Fiber	503	(5)
Aloe Vera	508	(3)
Ginger	511	(4)
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)/Prebiotics	515	(4)
Probiotics/Acidophilus	519	(6)
Slippery Elm	525	(2)
Mastic	527	(3)
Yellow Dock	530	(3)
Capsicum/Cayenne	533	(4)
Supplements for Male Health	537	(20)
Introduction	537	(1)
Enlarged Prostate	537	(1)
Low Libido	538	(1)
Supplements for Male Sexual Health	539	(1)
Summary	540	(2)
Saw Palmetto	542	(4)
Pygeum	546	(4)
Yohimbe/Quebracho	550	(3)
Maca	553	(4)
Supplements for Female Health	557	(46)
Introduction	557	(1)
Menopause	557	(2)
Premenstrual Syndrome	559	(1)
Summary	560	(2)
Damiana	562	(3)
Black Cohosh	565	(3)
Dong Quai	568	(3)
Flaxseed/Linseed Oil	571	(4)
Evening Primrose Oil	575	(5)
Red Clover	580	(3)
Vitex/Chasteberry	583	(4)
Uva Ursi/Bearberry	587	(4)
Horse Chestnut	591	(5)
Cranberry	596	(3)
Gotu Kola	599	(4)
Supplements for Support During Cancer	603	(40)
Introduction	603	(1)
What Is Cancer?	603	(3)
Specialized Diets	606	(2)
Dietary Supplements	608	(8)
Green Tea	616	(5)
Milk Thistle	621	(4)
Schisandra/Schizandra	625	(3)
Lycopene	628	(5)
Shark Cartilage/Bovine Tracheal Cartilage	633	(5)
Spirulina/Blue-Green Algae	638	(5)
Supplements for Support During Diabetes	643	(24)
Introduction	643	(1)
Supplements That May Help	644	(5)
Summary	649	(2)
Chromium	651	(4)
Vanadium	655	(3)
Banaba Leaf/Corosolic Acid	658	(2)
Fenugreek	660	(3)
Gymnema/Gurmar	663	(4)
Dietary Supplement Master Chart	667	(8)
Index	675