Hadley Circulation

by Diaz, Henry F.; Bradley, Raymond S.

• ISBN13: 9781402029431
• ISBN10: 1402029438
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-02-28
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

The Hadley and Walker Circulations are fundamental regulators of the Earth's energy budget. Although the Hadley Circulation is a well-known concept, surprisingly little attention has been paid to understanding both short and long-term variability of the system. This book reviews current knowledge of Hadley and Walker circulation dynamics and their interactions with the major global monsoon systems, and evaluates paleoclimatic records within the domain of the Hadley Circulation that shed light on past variability of climate over the last 1000 years, the Holocene (the last 11,500 years), glacial periods, and warm climate periods in the past. The book examines potentially important factors that may have affected the Hadley and Walker Circulations on these different time scales and evaluates changes in the Hadley Circulation and the monsoons as simulated by coupled models of past climate conditions, and predicted future conditions under an enhanced greenhouse effect. This book is meant to serve as a fundamental reference work for current and future researchers, graduate students in the atmospheric sciences and geosciences, and climate specialists involved in interdisciplinary research.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	ix
Preface	xi
Contributing Authors	xiii
The Hadley Circulation: Present, Past, and Future: An Introduction	1	(8)
Henry F. Diaz
Raymond S. Bradley
Section A: The Role of the Hadley Cell in Atmospheric Circulation
The Elementary Hadley Circulation	9	(52)
Peter J. Webster
Hadley Circulation Dynamics: Seasonality and the Role of Continents	61	(24)
Kerry Cook
Changes in the Tropical Hadley Cell since 1950	85	(36)
Xiao-Wei Quan
Henry F. Diaz
Martin P. Hoerling
The Shape of Continents, Air-Sea Interaction, and the Rising Branch of the Hadley Circulation	121	(32)
Shang-Ping Xie
Year-to-Year Variability in the Hadley and Walker Circulations from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data	153	(20)
Shoshiro Minobe
ENSO, Atlantic Climate Variability, and the Walker and Hadley Circulations	173	(30)
Chunzai Wang
The Hadley and Walker Regional Circulations and Associated ENSO Impacts on South American Seasonal Rainfall	203	(36)
Tercio Ambrizzi
Everaldo B. Souza
Roger S. Pulwarty
Section B: Variability of the Hadley Circulation in the Past
The Pacific Sector Hadley and Walker Circulation in Historical Marine Wind Analyses: Potential for Reconstruction from Proxy Data	239	(20)
Michael N. Evans
Alexey Kaplan
Holocene Records of Rainfall Variation and Associated ITCZ Migration from Stalagmites from Northern and Southern Oman	259	(30)
Dominik Fleitmann
Stephen J. Burns
Ulrich Neff
Manfred Mudelsee
Augusto Mangini
Jan Kramers
Albert Matter
Evolution of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and Hadley-Walker Circulation since the Last Deglaciation	289	(24)
Michael K. Gagan
Lonnie G. Thompson
Late Quaternary Hydrologic Changes in the Arid and Semiarid Belt of Northern Africa: Implications for Past Atmospheric Circulation	313	(34)
Francoise Gasse
C. Neil Roberts
Variability of the Marine ITCZ over the Eastern Pacific during the Past 30,000 Years: Regional Perspective and Global Context	347	(24)
Athanasios Koutavas
Jean Lynch-Stieglitz
Mount Logan Ice Core Evidence for Changes in the Hadley and Walker Circulations Following the End of the Little Ice Age	371	(28)
G. W. K. Moore
Keith Alverson
Gerald Holdsworth
Section C: Causes of Variability in the Hadley Circulation: Past and Future
The Response of the Hadley Circulation to Climate Changes, Past and Future	399	(38)
David Rind
Judith Perlwitz
The Sensitivity of the Hadley Circulation to Past and Future Forcings in Two Climate Models	437	(28)
Bette Otto-Bliesner
Amy Clement
Present-Day Climate Variability in the Tropical Atlantic: A Model for Paleoclimate Changes?	465	(24)
John C. H. Chiang
Mechanisms of an Intensified Hadley Circulation in Response to Solar Forcing in the Twentieth Century	489
Gerald A. Meehl
Warren M. Washington
T.M.L. Wigley
Julie M. Arblaster
Aiguo Dai