Handbook On Differentiated Instruction For Middle And High Schools

by Northey, Sheryn Spencer

• ISBN13: 9781930556935
• ISBN10: 1930556934
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-30
• Publisher: Eye on Education

Summary

This book has an abundance of time-saving, practical strategies for teachers in grades 6-12. A treasury of activities and resources, this book explains, demonstrates, and helps you select among a wide variety of differentiation processes, such as- - Whole Class Differentiation - Tiered Lessons - Learning Centers - Flexible Grouping - Literature Circles - Individualized Instruction - Independent Study - Learning Contracts

Table of Contents

Meet the Author	iv
Introduction	xi
What Is Differentiation?	xi
Why Differentiate?	xi
How to Use This Book	xii
Getting to Know Your Students	1	(38)
Step 1---Know Your Own Learning Styles	1	(1)
Step 2---Believe You Can Know All of Your Students	2	(1)
Strategy 1---Encourage Self-Discovery	2	(1)
Strategy 2---Documentation	3	(1)
Step 3---Obtain Reading Information	3	(4)
Strategy 1---Assessing the Readability of Your Major Text	3	(1)
Assessment	4	(1)
Strategy 2---Use Other Readability Assessments	5	(1)
Fry's Readability Graph	5	(1)
Lexiled Test	6	(1)
Cloze Test	6	(1)
Strategy 3---Use Standardized Test Assessments of Student Reading Levels	6	(1)
Step 4---What Are Your Students' Learning Styles or Preferences?	7	(11)
Strategy 1---Left-Brain/Right-Brain?	7	(3)
Strategy 2---Visual, Auditory, or Kinesthetic/Haptic Learners?	10	(3)
Strategy 3---The 4Mat System	13	(1)
Strategy 4---The Four Learning Styles	14	(1)
Strategy 5---What Kind of Fruit Are You?	15	(3)
Step 5---Know Your Students Interests	18	(2)
Strategy 1---Assign an Interests Essay	18	(1)
Strategy 2---Distribute the Interest Inventory	18	(2)
Step 6---Find out about Students' Multiple Intelligences	20	(4)
Step 7---Know Under What Conditions Students Learn Best	24	(4)
Step 8---Know Where Your Students Are Developmentally	28	(5)
Emotional Development	31	(2)
Step 9---Know If Your Students Have ``Exceptionalities''	33	(1)
Step 10---If Your Students Are Impoverished, You Need to Understand Them	34	(1)
Step 11---Documenting What You Know	35	(2)
Summary	37	(2)
Gathering Resources (Content Differentiation)	39	(36)
Textbooks	39	(1)
Scaffolding Activities	40	(1)
Prereading Activities	40	(10)
Strategy 1---Teach Students to Access Prior Knowledge	40	(1)
The KWL Chart	40	(1)
Strategy 2---Teach Students to Use the Patterns of Informational Text	41	(2)
Strategy 3---Teach Students Key Vocabulary Words	43	(1)
Word Cards	43	(1)
Concept Mapping	43	(1)
Hilda Taba's Model of Concept Development	44	(1)
Frayer Model	45	(1)
Other Ideas	45	(1)
Strategy 4---Teach Students How to Read Informational Text	46	(1)
Anticipation Guide/Prediction Guide	46	(1)
Direct Reading/Thinking Activity	47	(1)
Strategy 5---Engage the Affective Domain (i.e., the Emotions)	48	(1)
Philosophical Chairs	48	(1)
What If? Questions	49	(1)
Strategy 6---Engage All Learners: Experiential Activities	49	(1)
Strategy 7---Use Brain Gym: A Resource for Kinesthetic Learners	50	(1)
``During Reading'' Strategies	50	(9)
Strategy 1---Teach Students to Identify Vocabulary Words as They Read	50	(1)
Quadruple---Entry Word Journal	50	(1)
Strategy 2---Choose from among Eight Oral Reading Strategies (Wood, 1992): A Resource for Auditory Learners	51	(1)
Strategy 3---Use Teacher Modeling	52	(1)
``Think-Aloud''	52	(1)
Strategy 4---Create Study Guides for Difficult Texts	53	(1)
Strategy 5---Use a Levels Guide	53	(3)
Strategy 6---Assign Double Entry or Two Column Note-Taking and Journaling	56	(2)
Strategy 7---For Visual/Spatial Learners	58	(1)
Idea 1: Use Graphic Organizers	58	(1)
Idea 2: Use Thinking Maps	58	(1)
Idea 3: Use Mind Maps for Organizing as You Read	58	(1)
``After Reading'' Strategies	59	(1)
Before, During, and After Reading	60	(2)
SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review)	60	(1)
REAP (Read, Encode, Annotate, Ponder)	61	(1)
Making a Book Come Alive	61	(1)
Finding Resources that go beyond the Textbook	62	(2)
Search Engine Directories	62	(1)
Education Resources	62	(1)
School Media Center Resources	62	(1)
Special Hard Copy Sources for Various Types of Readers	62	(2)
On-Line Resources	64	(1)
Internet Resources	65	(8)
Lesson Planning	66	(1)
Searching for Information Online	66	(1)
General Curriculum	67	(1)
Language Arts	67	(1)
Mathematics	67	(1)
Science	68	(1)
Social Studies	68	(1)
The Arts	69	(1)
Connecting with Others	69	(1)
Interactive Sites	70	(1)
Miscellaneous Educational Sites	70	(1)
Online Projects	70	(1)
Special Internet Resources	71	(1)
Organizing Materials	72	(1)
Summary	73	(2)
Selecting a Process	75	(70)
Whole Class Differentiation	75	(15)
Tiered Lessons	75	(3)
Level 1 Syllabus	78	(1)
Level 2 Syllabus	79	(2)
Level 3 Syllabus	81	(1)
4Mat	81	(1)
Lesson Tiered by Learning Styles (Multiple Intelligences and Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic/Haptic)	82	(8)
Using Interest Groups to Differentiate Instruction	90	(8)
Learning Centers	94	(1)
How to Set up a Learning Center or Centers in the Classroom	94	(4)
Flexible Grouping	98	(13)
Differentiation Framework for Flexible Groups	98	(13)
Adjusting Questions in Whole Class Discussion	111	(1)
Task Cards	112	(3)
Small Group Differentiation	115	(3)
Literature Circles	115	(2)
Study Groups	117	(1)
Cubed Discussion Groups	118	(7)
Cooperative Groups	125	(1)
Ordered Sharing	126	(1)
Individualizing Instruction	127	(9)
Research Projects	127	(3)
The Tic-Tac-Toe Menu	130	(1)
Curriculum Compacting	131	(1)
Independent Study	132	(1)
Learning Contracts	133	(3)
Apprentice/Mentorship	136	(1)
Personalized System of Instruction and Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction	136	(1)
Miscellaneous Strategies for Whole Class, Small Group, or Individual Differentiation	137	(3)
Special Strategies That Boost Thinking and Creativity Derived from the Business World	137	(1)
Brainstorming	137	(1)
SIT (Systematic Inventive Thinking or ASIT--Advanced Systematic Inventive Thinking)	138	(1)
SCAMPER (Osborn, Eberle, and Michalko)	139	(1)
Lateral Thinking	140	(1)
Ideas from Business That Boost Creativity	140	(1)
Concepts That Are Organic to Differentiation	140	(1)
FLOW	140	(1)
Workshop	141	(1)
Special Time-Saving Strategies for the Differentiated Classroom: RICE and Education Sponge Activities	141	(1)
RICE	141	(1)
Educational Sponge Activities	142	(1)
Two Frameworks for Differentiating Instruction	142	(1)
Summary	143	(2)
Assessment: Differentiating Product	145	(36)
Question-Based Assessment	146	(5)
Questioning Strategies	146	(1)
Essential Questions	146	(1)
Interactive Questions	147	(3)
Socratic Seminar	150	(1)
Problem-Based Assessment	151	(9)
The Problem-Solving Matrix Types	151	(4)
Ford-Harris Matrix	155	(5)
Problem-Based Learning	160	(2)
Six-Step Problem Solving	162	(2)
Scenario Writing	164	(2)
Performance-Based Assessment	166	(1)
Affective Domain Assessment	166	(6)
Journaling and Learning Logs	167	(1)
Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment	168	(1)
Portfolio Self-Assessment (Yancey, 1992)	168	(1)
Peer Assessment	169	(3)
Assessment Tools	172	(5)
Check List (Also a Quantitative Tool)	172	(2)
Product Guide	174	(3)
Rubric (Holistic or Analytical Measures)	177	(3)
Summary	180	(1)
Putting it All Together	181	(8)
General Guidelines	181	(8)
Step 1: What Will Students Learn?	181	(1)
History and Science	181	(1)
Three-Circle Audit	182	(1)
Math	182	(1)
English/Language Arts	183	(1)
Step 2: How Will You Determine Acceptable Evidence?	183	(1)
Step 3: What Differentiated Activities Will Maximize Learning for All Students?	184	(2)
Step 4: What Materials Will You Need to Teach the Lesson?	186	(1)
Step 5: How Will You Present the Lesson to the Students and in What Order?	186	(3)
References	189