Handbook of Solid Waste Management

by Tchobanoglous, George; Kreith, Frank

• ISBN13: 9780071356237
• ISBN10: 0071356231
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-07-13
• Publisher: McGraw Hill

Summary

In a world where waste incinerators are not an option and landfills are at over capacity, cities are hard pressed to find a solution to the problem of what to do with their solid waste. Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 2/e offers a solution. This handbook offers an integrated approach to the planning, design, and management of economical and environmentally responsible solid waste disposal system. Let twenty industry and government experts provide you with the tools to design a solid waste management system capable of disposing of waste in a cost-efficient and environmentally responsible manner. Focusing on the six primary functions of an integrated system--source reduction, toxicity reduction, recycling and reuse, composting, waste- to-energy combustion, and landfilling--they explore each technology and examine its problems, costs, and legal and social ramifications.

Author Biography

George Tchobanoglous is a professor emeritus of civil and environmental engineering at the University of California at Davis. He received a B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of the Pacific, an M.S. degree in sanitary engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in environmental engineering from Stanford University. His principal research interests are in the areas of solid waste management, wastewater treatment, wastewater filtration, aquatic systems for wastewater treatment, and individual onsite treatment systems. He has taught courses on these subjects at UC Davis for the past 32 years. He has authored or co-authored over 350 technical publications including 12 textbooks and 3 reference books. He is the principal author of a textbook titled Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues, published by McGraw-Hill. The textbooks are used in more than 200 colleges and universities throughout the United States, and they ate also used extensively by practicing engineers in the United States and abroad.

Dr. Tchobanoglous is an active member of numerous professional societies. He is a corecipient of the Gordon Maskew Fair Medal and the Jack Edward McKee Medal from the Water Environment Federation. Professor Tchobanoglous serves nationally and internationally as a consultant to government agencies and private concerns. He is a past president of the Association of Environmental Engineering Professors. He is consulting editor for the McGraw-Hill book company series in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering. He has served as a member of the California Waste Management Board. He is a Diplomate of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and a registered Civil Engineer in California.

Frank Kreith is a professor emeritus of engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder, where he taught in the Mechanical and Chemical Engineering Departments from 1959 to 1978. For the past 13 years, Dr. Kreith served as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) legislative fellow at the National Conference of State Legislatives (NCSL), where he provided assistance on waste management, transportation, and energy issues to legislators in state governments. Prior to joining NCSL in 1988, Dr. Kreith was chief of thermal research at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), now the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). During his tenure at SERI, he participated in the presidential domestic energy review and served as an advisor to the governor of Colorado. In 1983, he received SERI's first General Achievement Award. He has written more than a hundred peer-reviewed articles and authored or edited 12 books.

Dr. Kreith has served as a consultant and advisor all over the world. His assignments included consultancies to Vice Presidents Rockefeller and Gore, the U.S. Department of Energy, NATO, the U.S. Agency for National Development, and the United Nations. He is the recipient of numerous national awards, including the Charles Greeley Abbott Award from the American Solar Energy Society and the Max Jakob Award from ASME-AIChE. In 1992, he received the Ralph Coates Roe Medal for providing technical information to legislators about energy conservation, waste management, and environmental protection, and in 1998 he was the recipient of the pretigious Washington Award for "unselfish and preeminent service in advancing human progress."

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi
Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(1)
George Tchobanoglous
Frank Kreith
Marcia E. Williams
Waste Generation and Management in a Technological Society	1	(1)
Issues in Solid Waste Management	2	(6)
Integrated Waste Management	8	(3)
Implementing Integrated Waste Management Strategies	11	(2)
Typical Costs for Major Waste Management Options	13	(6)
Framework for Decision Making	19	(3)
Key Factors for Success	22	(2)
Philosophy and Organization of this Handbook	24	(1)
Concluding Remarks	25
Federal Role in Municipal Solid Waste Management	1	(1)
Barbara Foster
Edward W. Repa
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act	1	(21)
Clean Air Act	22	(13)
Clean Water Act	35	(3)
Federal Aviation Administration Guidelines	38	(1)
Flow Control Implications	38
Solid Waste State Legislation	1	(1)
Kelly Hill
Jim Glenn
Introduction	1	(1)
Trends in Municipal Waste Generation and Management	1	(2)
The Waste Reduction Legislation Movement	3	(2)
The Effect of Legislation	5	(3)
State Municipal Solid Waste Legislation	8	(1)
State Planning Provisions	8	(1)
Premitting and Regulation Requirements	9	(1)
Waste Reduction Legislation	9	(1)
Establishing Waste Reduction Goals	10	(2)
Legislating Local Government Responsibility	12	(4)
Making Producers and Retailers Responsible for Waste	16	(2)
Advanced Disposal Fees	18	(2)
Special Waste Legislation	20	(1)
Market Development Initiatives	21	(4)
State Funding	25	(1)
Flow Control Legislation: Interstate Movement of Unprocessed and Processed Solid Waste	25	(2)
References	27	(1)
Appendix: State Solid Waste Regulatory Agencies	28
Planning for Municipal Solid Waste Management Programs	1	(1)
James E. Kundell
Deanna L. Ruffer
State Solid Waste Management Planning	1	(6)
Local and Regional Solid Waste Management Planning	7	(6)
Conclusions	13	(1)
References	14
Solid Waste Stream Characteristics	1	(1)
Marjorie A. Franklin
Municipal Solid Waste Defined	1	(1)
Methods of Characterizing Municipal Solid Waste	2	(1)
Materials in Municipal Solid Waste by Weight	3	(8)
Products in Municipal Solid Waste by Weight	11	(8)
Municipal Solid Waste Management	19	(5)
Discards of Municipal Solid Waste by Volume	24	(1)
The Variability of Municipal Solid Waste Generation	25	(5)
References	30
Source Reduction: Quantity and Toxicity
Part 6A. Quantity Reduction	1	(1)
Harold Leverenz
Introduction	1	(1)
Effects of Source Reduction	2	(4)
Involvement by Government	6	(9)
Developing a Source Reduction Plan	15	(2)
Strategies for Source Reduction	17	(10)
References	25	(2)
Part 6B. Toxicity Reduction
Ken Geiser
The Toxicity of Trash	27	(3)
Waste Management Policy	30	(3)
Product Management Policy	33	(4)
Production Management Policy	37	(2)
A Sustainable Economy	39	(1)
References	40
Collection of Solid Waste	1	(1)
Hilary Theisen
The Logistics of Solid Waste Collection	1	(1)
Types of Waste Collection Services	2	(12)
Types of Collection Systems, Equipment, and Personnel Requirements	14	(8)
Collection Routes	22	(3)
Management of Collection Systems	25	(1)
Collection System Economics	25	(2)
References	27
Recycling	1	(1)
Harold Leverenz
George Tchobanoglous
David B. Spencer
Overview of Recycling	1	(2)
Recovery of Recyclable Materials from Solid Waste	3	(7)
Development and Implementation of Materials Recovery Facilities	10	(28)
Unit Operations and Equipment for Processing of Recyclables	38	(32)
Environmental and Public Health and Safety Issues	70	(4)
Recycling Economics	74	(3)
References	77
Markets and Products for Recycled Material	1	(1)
Harold Leverenz
Frank Kreith
Sustainable Recycling	1	(2)
Recycling Markets	3	(5)
Market Development	8	(8)
Trade Issues	16	(1)
References	17
Household Hazardous Wastes (HHW)	1	(1)
David E.B. Nightingale
Rachel Donnette
Introduction	1	(2)
Problems of Household Hazardous Products	3	(13)
HHW Regulation and Policy	16	(5)
Product Stewardship and Sustainability	21	(5)
Education and Outreach	26	(3)
HHW Collection, Trends, and Infrastructure	29	(4)
References	33
Other Special Wastes
Part 11A. Batteries	1	(1)
Gary R. Brenniman
Stephen D. Casper
William H. Hallenbeck
James M. Lyznicki
Automobile and Household Batteries	1	(14)
References	14	(1)
Part 11B. Used Oil
Stephen D. Casper
William H. Hallenbeck
Gary R. Brenniman
Used Oil	15	(16)
Part 11C. Scrap Tires
John K. Bell
Background	31	(1)
Source Reduction and Reuse	32	(1)
Disposal of Waste Tires	33	(1)
Alternatives to Disposal	34	(5)
References	36	(3)
Part 11D. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Debris
George Tchobanoglous
Sources, Characteristics, and Quantities of C&D Debris	39	(3)
Regulations Governing C&D Materials and Debris	42	(1)
Management of C&D Debris	42	(2)
Specifications for Recovered C&D Debris	44	(2)
Management of Debris from Natural and Humanmade Disasters	46	(3)
References	47	(2)
Part 11E. Computer and Other Electronic Solid Waste
Gary R. Brenniman
William H. Hallenbeck
Introduction	49	(1)
Hazardous Components in Computers and Electronic Waste	50	(3)
Disposing of Computers is Hazardous	53	(2)
Extended Producer Responsibility and Electronic Toxin Phaseouts	55	(2)
Can a Clean Computer Be Designed?	57	(1)
What Can You Do As a Computer Owner?	58	(1)
Contacts and Resources for Dealing with Computer Waste	58	(2)
References	60
Composting of Municipal Solid Wastes	1	(1)
Luis F. Diaz
George M. Savage
Clarence G. Golueke
Principles	3	(11)
Technology	14	(13)
Economics	27	(6)
Marketing Principles and Methods	33	(7)
Environmental, Public, and Industrial Health Considerations	40	(5)
Case Study	45	(1)
Conclusions	45	(2)
References	47	(3)
Appendix 12A. Partial Listing of Vendors of Equipment and Systems for Composing MSW and Other Organic Wastes	50	(18)
Appendix 12B. Costs for Composting MSW and Yard Wastes	68
Waste-to-Energy Combustion Introduction
Frank Kreith
Part 13A. Incineration Technologies	1	(16)
Calvin R. Brunner
Incineration	3	(82)
References	84	(1)
Part 13B. Ash Management and Disposal
Floyd Hasselriis
Sources and Types of Ash Residues	85	(1)
Properties of Ash Residues	86	(7)
Ash Management	93	(2)
Landfill Disposal	95	(2)
Regulatory Aspects	97	(2)
Actual Leaching of MWC Ash	99	(1)
Treatment of Ash Residues	100	(1)
Environmental Impact of Ash Residue Use	101	(1)
Ash Management Around the World	102	(2)
Beneficial Use of Residues	104	(5)
Analysis of Ash Residue Test Data	109	(12)
References	116	(5)
Part 13C. Emission Control
Floyd Hasselriis
Introduction	121	(3)
Emissions from Combustion	124	(2)
Emission Standards and Guidelines	126	(6)
Emission Control Devices	132	(22)
Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Factors	154	(6)
Variability of Emissions	160	(1)
Dispersion of Pollutants from Stack to Ground	161	(4)
Risk Assessment	165	(3)
Calculation of Municipal Waste Combustor Emissions	168	(3)
Conversions and Corrections	171	(3)
References	174
Landfilling	1	(1)
Philip R. O'Leary
George Tchbanoglous
The Landfill Method of Solid Waste Disposal	2	(8)
Generation and Composition of Landfill Gases	10	(20)
Formation, Composition, and Management of Leachate	30	(17)
Intermediate and Final Landfill Cover	47	(7)
Structural and Settlement Characteristics of Landfills	54	(4)
Landfill Design Considerations	58	(11)
Landfill Operation	69	(8)
Environmental Quality Monitoring at Landfills	77	(7)
Landfill Closure, Postclosure Care, and Remediation	84	(4)
References	88
Siting Municipal Solid Waste Facilities	1	(1)
David Laws
Lawrence Susskind
Jason Corburn
Introduction	1	(1)
Understanding the Sources of Public Concern	1	(3)
A Typical Siting Chronology	4	(4)
Building Consensus on Siting Choices	8	(8)
Conclusions	16	(1)
References	17
Financing and Life-Cycle Costing of Solid Waste Management Systems	1	(16)
Nicholas S. Artz
Jacob E. Beachey
Philip R. O'Leary
Financing Options	2	(3)
Issues in Financing Choices	5	(3)
Steps to Secure System Financing	8	(2)
Life-Cycle Costing	10	(6)
Summary	16
References