Hands-On Atm

by McDysan, David E.; Spohn, Darren L.

• ISBN13: 9780070450479
• ISBN10: 0070450471
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-01-01
• Publisher: Computing McGraw-Hill

Summary

In the past two years, ATM has been adopted by many Fortune 500 companies and most telecommunication carriers. The current challenge for network managers and administrators is to deploy ATM efficiently and effectively in a corporate setting. Through abundant examples and illustrated step-by-step guidance, "Hands-On ATM" reveals how to implement and operate an ATM network to best advantage.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
Part 1 NETWORKING BASICS	1	(114)
Chapter 1. Business Drivers for ATM	3	(22)
1.1 WHAT IS ATM -- AND WHY SHOULD I CARE?	4	(5)
1.1.1 What Is ATM? The 30,000-Foot View	4	(1)
1.1.2 Top 10 Reasons Why ATM Has Not Made It Big	4	(1)
1.1.3 Top 10 Reasons Why ATM Will Succeed in the End	5	(1)
1.1.4 Market Acceptance and Technology Adoption	6	(1)
1.1.5 What Will Make ATM "Cross the Chasm"?	7	(2)
1.2 ATM DRIVES BUSINESS BENEFITS	9	(3)
1.2.1 ATM as the Single Network Technology Integrator	9	(2)
1.2.2 ATM Offers Economies of Scale	11	(1)
1.2.3 Flexibility of ATM	11	(1)
1.2.4 ATM as an Enterprise-wide Solution	12	(1)
1.3 APPLICATIONS ENABLE ATM, WHICH IN TURN ENABLES APPLICATIONS	12	(12)
1.3.1 Consumer and Commercial Applications	13	(1)
1.3.2 Application Demand for Bandwidth	14	(3)
1.3.3 Enabling New Multimedia Applications	17	(2)
1.3.4 The Accelerating Bandwidth Principle	19	(4)
1.3.5 The Network Is the Computer	23	(1)
1.4 REVIEW	24	(1)
1.5 REFERENCES	24	(1)
Chapter 2. ATM Technology and the Marketplace	25	(18)
2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES ENABLE ATM	25	(4)
2.1.1 S Curves of Technological Evolution	26	(1)
2.1.2 Protocol and Processor Enhancements	27	(1)
2.1.3 Transmission Protocol Simplification and Cost Reduction	27	(1)
2.1.4 Modernization of Transmission Infrastructures	28	(1)
2.1.5 TDM's Inflexibility Compared to ATM	28	(1)
2.2 LOWER-COST ATM LOWERS NETWORKING COSTS	29	(2)
2.2.1 Transmission Cost Reduction	30	(1)
2.2.2 Lower Network Life-cycle Costs and Future-Proof Investment	30	(1)
2.2.3 Lower Public Service Cost	31	(1)
2.3 MARKET FORECAST FOR ATM	31	(7)
2.3.1 The Demand for New Technologies	32	(1)
2.3.2 The ATM Services and Equipment Market	33	(4)
2.3.3 Industry Watch -- Market Segment Adoption of ATM	37	(1)
2.3.4 Future of the ATM Market	38	(1)
2.4 BENEFITS AND RISKS OF ATM SUMMARIZED	38	(3)
2.4.1 ATM Benefits Summarized	38	(2)
2.4.2 ATM Barriers and Risks	40	(1)
2.5 REVIEW	41	(1)
2.6 REFERENCES	42	(1)
Chapter 3. Major Changes in the Network Computing Environment	43	(18)
3.1 CHANGING CORPORATE AND COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURES	43	(13)
3.1.1 Change Started at the Desktop	44	(1)
3.1.2 Distributed Computing and Client-Server Networking	45	(1)
3.1.3 IBM SNA and Internetwork Protocol Convergence	46	(1)
3.1.4 The Need for LAN/MAN/WAN Connectivity	46	(1)
3.1.5 Increasing Inter-LAN Traffic	47	(1)
3.1.6 Bandwidth-on-Demand	48	(1)
3.1.7 The Death of Shared Media, the Middle-Age Crisis of Routing, and the Birth of Switching	49	(2)
3.1.8 Virtual Networking and Virtual LANs (VLANs)	51	(1)
3.1.9 Intranets and Extranets	52	(2)
3.1.10 Intranet and Extranet Security	54	(1)
3.1.11 Supporting the Mobile Workforce	55	(1)
3.2 THE OUTSOURCING AND OUTTASKING PHENOMENON	56	(2)
3.3 THE DESKTOP, LAN, AND WAN PROTOCOL WARS MONOPOLIES ABOUND!	58	(2)
3.3.1 The Battle for the Desktop	58	(1)
3.3.2 The Battle for the Network Protocol -- IP vs. "IPX and Everyone Else"	59	(1)
3.4 REVIEW	60	(1)
Chapter 4. Building Blocks of ATM	61	(24)
4.1 TRANSMISSION BASICS REVIEW	61	(6)
4.1.1 Network Topologies	61	(2)
4.1.2 Connection and Circuit Types and Services	63	(1)
4.1.3 Basic Protocol Layering Concepts	64	(3)
4.2 INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGING AND ROUTING	67	(9)
4.2.1 Bridges	67	(3)
4.2.2 Bridge Network Design	70	(1)
4.2.3 Routers	71	(3)
4.2.4 Routing Compared with Bridging	74	(2)
4.3 CONNECTIONLESS VS. CONNECTION-ORIENTED NETWORK SERVICES	76	(3)
4.3.1 Connection-Oriented Network Services	76	(2)
4.3.2 Connectionless Network Services	78	(1)
4.3.3 Connection-Oriented vs. Connectionless Services Analogy	78	(1)
4.4 PRIVATE, PUBLIC, AND VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK SERVICES	79	(3)
4.4.1 ATM Interworking	81	(1)
4.5 REVIEW	82	(1)
4.6 REFERENCES	83	(2)
Chapter 5. Introduction to ATM	85	(30)
5.1 STANDARDIZATION FOR ATM	85	(1)
5.2 ATM'S MANY FACES	86	(8)
5.2.1 As an Interface	86	(1)
5.2.2 As a Protocol	87	(1)
5.2.3 As a Technology	88	(1)
5.2.4 As Economical, Integrated Access	88	(1)
5.2.5 As a Scalable Infrastructure	89	(4)
5.2.6 ATM as a Service	93	(1)
5.3 ATM TERMINOLOGY -- A HIGH-LEVEL INTRODUCTION	94	(4)
5.3.1 The ATM Menu	95	(1)
5.3.2 A Simple Transportation Analogy	96	(1)
5.3.3 VP and VC Post Office Analogy	97	(1)
5.3.4 Analogy to TDM Switches and Digital Cross-Connects	97	(1)
5.4 ATM PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL CONNECTIONS	98	(5)
5.4.1 ATM User-Access Ports and Circuits	98	(1)
5.4.2 Transmission Paths, Virtual Paths, and Virtual Channels	99	(2)
5.4.3 ATM Cell Switching Using VPI and VCI Values	101	(1)
5.4.4 ATM Virtual Connection Networking	101	(2)
5.5 INTRODUCTION TO ATM SERVICE CATEGORIES	103	(9)
5.5.1 Multimedia Application Example	103	(4)
5.5.2 ATM Prioritization Compared with Prioritized Packet Switching	107	(3)
5.5.3 Transportation Analogy	110	(2)
5.6 REVIEW	112	(1)
5.7 REFERENCES	113	(2)
Part 2 ATM BASICS	115	(178)
Chapter 6. ATM Foundations	117	(24)
6.1 B-ISDN/ATM PROTOCOL REFERENCE MODEL	117	(1)
6.2 THE PLANE-LAYER TRUTH-AN OVERVIEW	118	(2)
6.3 PHYSICAL LAYER	120	(4)
6.3.1 Physical Medium Dependent Sublayer	121	(1)
6.3.2 Transmission Convergence Sublayer	122	(1)
6.3.3 TC Header Error Check Functions	122	(1)
6.3.4 TC Cell-Rate Decoupling	123	(1)
6.4 ATM LAYER -- PROTOCOL MODEL	124	(1)
6.5 THE ATM CELL EXPOSED	125	(3)
6.5.1 ATM Cell	125	(2)
6.5.2 ATM UNI and NNI Defined	127	(1)
6.6 ATM-LAYER QUALITY OF SERVICE	128	(1)
6.7 THE ATM TRAFFIC CONTRACT	129	(2)
6.8 ATM-LAYER SERVICE CATEGORIES DEFINED	131	(2)
6.9 ATM CONGESTION CONTROL AND RECOVERY	133	(2)
6.10 AVAILABLE BIT-RATE CLOSED-LOOP CONGESTION CONTROL	135	(4)
6.10.1 Three Flavors of ABR	136	(2)
6.10.2 ABR Parameters and Resource Management Cells	138	(1)
6.11 REVIEW	139	(1)
6.12 REFERENCES	140	(1)
Chapter 7. The ATM Protocol Landscape	141	(22)
7.1 ATM ADAPTATION LAYER -- PROTOCOL MODEL	141	(5)
7.1.1 AAL Service Attributes Classified	142	(2)
7.1.2 AAL Protocol Structure Defined	144	(2)
7.2 ATM ADAPTATION LAYER -- DEFINITION	146	(9)
7.2.1 AAL1	146	(4)
7.2.2 AAL2	150	(2)
7.2.3 AAL3/4	152	(1)
7.2.4 AAL5	153	(2)
7.3 CONTROL PLANE AAL	155	(2)
7.3.1 Control Plane Functions	155	(1)
7.3.2 Control Plane Overview	155	(2)
7.4 USER PLANE OVERVIEW	157	(2)
7.4.1 User Plane -- SSCS Protocols	157	(1)
7.4.2 User Plane -- Higher Layers	157	(2)
7.5 MANAGEMENT PLANE	159	(1)
7.5.1 Layer Management	160	(1)
7.5.2 Plane Management	160	(1)
7.6 REVIEW	160	(1)
7.7 REFERENCES	161	(2)
Chapter 8. Signaling and Routing in the Control Plane	163	(30)
8.1 CONTROL PLANE PROTOCOLS	164	(10)
8.1.1 Use of Signaling Protocols	164	(1)
8.1.2 Control Plane Overview	164	(2)
8.1.3 Control Plane Architecture and Signaling	166	(1)
8.1.4 Control Plane Addressing and Routing Defined	167	(1)
8.1.5 ATM-Layer Addressing	167	(2)
8.1.6 ATM Control Plane (SVC) Addressing	169	(2)
8.1.7 Basic Routing Requirements and Attributes	171	(1)
8.1.8 The Signaling AAL	172	(2)
8.2 USER-NETWORK INTERFACE SIGNALING	174	(7)
8.2.1 Signaling Messages and Information Elements	174	(1)
8.2.2 Signaling Procedures	175	(4)
8.2.3 UNI Signaling Standards	179	(2)
8.3 NETWORK-NODE INTERFACE SIGNALING	181	(1)
8.4 INTERIM INTERSWITCH SIGNALING PROTOCOL	181	(2)
8.5 THE ATM FORUM'S ROUTING PROTOCOL -- PNNI	183	(5)
8.5.1 Architecture and Requirements	183	(1)
8.5.2 Network Addressing Philosophy	184	(2)
8.5.3 A Tale of Two Protocols	186	(1)
8.5.4 The PNNI Routing Hierarchy and Topology Aggregation	186	(2)
8.6 BROADBAND INTERCARRIER INTERFACE (B-ICI)	188	(2)
8.7 B-ISDN USER SERVICES PART (BISUP)	190	(1)
8.8 REVIEW	191	(1)
8.9 REFERENCES	191	(2)
Chapter 9. ATM Support for Voice, Video, and WAN Data	193	(26)
9.1 INTERWORKING WITH NARROWBAND ISDN	194	(1)
9.2 VOICE AND TELEPHONY OVER ATM	195	(3)
9.3 CIRCUIT EMULATION SERVICES	198	(3)
9.4 AUDIO/VISUAL MULTIMEDIA SERVICES	201	(3)
9.4.1 Video over ATM Market Demand	202	(1)
9.4.2 Video over ATM Coding Standards	203	(1)
9.4.3 ATM Forum Video on Demand Specification	204	(1)
9.5 RESIDENTIAL BROADBAND	204	(2)
9.6 INTERWORKING, ACCESS, AND TRUNKING	206	(2)
9.7 FRAME RELAY/ATM INTERWORKING	208	(4)
9.7.1 Frame Relay/ATM Network Interworking	209	(1)
9.7.2 Frame Relay/ATM Service Interworking	209	(2)
9.7.3 FR/ATM Interworking Applied	211	(1)
9.8 SMDS ACCESS TO ATM	212	(2)
9.9 FRAME-BASED INTERFACES SUPPORTING ATM	214	(3)
9.9.1 ATM Data Exchange Interface	214	(1)
9.9.2 Frame Relay User-to-Network Interface	215	(2)
9.10 REVIEW	217	(1)
9.11 References	218	(1)
Chapter 10. ATM in Local Area Networks	219	(14)
10.1 BRIDGING, ROUTING, AND INTERNETWORKING	219	(2)
10.2 LOCAL AREA NETWORKING STANDARDS	221	(3)
10.2.1 Logical Link Control Sublayer	222	(1)
10.2.2 Medium Access Control Sublayer	223	(1)
10.3 BRIDGING PROTOCOLS	224	(3)
10.4 LAN EMULATION	227	(5)
10.4.1 LANE Components and Connection Types	228	(2)
10.4.2 LANE Implementation Considerations	230	(1)
10.4.3 Optional LANE Capabilities	231	(1)
10.4.4 LANE Work in Progress: LUNI 2.0 and LNNI	232	(1)
10.5 REVIEW	232	(1)
10.6 REFERENCES	232	(1)
Chapter 11. Internetworking Using ATM	233	(38)
11.1 THE INTERNET PROTOCOL	234	(5)
11.1.1 The TCP/IP Suite	234	(2)
11.1.2 IPv4 Packet Formats	236	(1)
11.1.3 Internet Protocol Addressing	237	(1)
11.1.4 Next Generation IP-IPv6	238	(1)
11.2 ROUTING PROTOCOLS	239	(7)
11.2.1 Link-State Routing Protocols Defined	240	(2)
11.2.2 Routing and Logical IP Subnetworks	242	(4)
11.3 MULTIPROTOCOL ENCAPSULATION OVER AAL5	246	(2)
11.3.1 Protocol Encapsulation	246	(1)
11.3.2 VC-Based Multiplexing	246	(2)
11.3.3 Selection of Multiplexing Method	248	(1)
11.4 IP MAXIMUM TRANSFER UNIT OVER AAL5	248	(1)
11.5 CLASSICAL IP OVER ATM	248	(2)
11.6 NEXT-HOP RESOLUTION PROTOCOL	250	(3)
11.7 MULTIPROTOCOL OVER ATM	253	(1)
11.7.1 MPOA Version 1.0	253	(1)
11.7.2 Challenges Ahead	254	(1)
11.8 IP MULTICAST OVER ATM	254	(3)
11.9 REINVENTING IP OVER ATM	257	(8)
11.9.1 Ipsilon's IP Switching	258	(3)
11.9.2 Toshiba's Cell Switch Router	261	(2)
11.9.3 Cisco's Tag Switching	263	(1)
11.9.4 Comparison of Alternative IP over ATM Approaches	264	(1)
11.10 ATM NAME SYSTEM	265	(1)
11.11 NATIVE ATM SERVICE SEMANTICS	266	(2)
11.12 REVIEW	268	(1)
11.13 REFERENCES	268	(3)
Chapter 12. Managing and Testing It All	271	(22)
12.1 NETWORK MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES	271	(2)
12.1.1 OSI Fault Management Functional Areas	272	(1)
12.1.2 Operations, Administration, and Maintenance Flows	272	(1)
12.2 ATM-LAYER MANAGEMENT	273	(6)
12.2.1 Fault Management	274	(3)
12.2.2 Performance Management	277	(2)
12.2.3 Activation/Deactivation	279	(1)
12.3 SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP)	279	(5)
12.3.1 Object Model of Network Management	279	(1)
12.3.2 SNMP Message Types	280	(1)
12.3.3 Management Information Bases	281	(3)
12.4 ATM FORUM NETWORK MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE	284	(1)
12.5 ITU-TELECOMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT NETWORK	285	(3)
12.6 NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONS	288	(1)
12.7 MAKING CERTAIN THAT IT ALL WORKS -- TESTING	288	(3)
12.7.1 Testing Standards	289	(1)
12.7.2 Test Equipment	289	(2)
12.8 REVIEW	291	(1)
12.9 REFERENCES	291	(2)
Part 3 ATM DEVICES	293	(138)
Chapter 13. Categorization of ATM Devices	295	(16)
13.1 SWITCH MODELS	295	(5)
13.1.1 ATM Switch Blocking Performance	295	(1)
13.1.2 Switch Architectures	296	(2)
13.1.3 Switch Buffering Methods	298	(1)
13.1.4 Other Aspects of ATM Switches	299	(1)
13.2 ATM SWITCH TYPES AND CATEGORIES	300	(1)
13.3 ATM SWITCH COMPARISON OVERVIEW	301	(5)
13.3.1 Manufacturer, Product Name, and Category of Switch	302	(1)
13.3.2 Power	302	(1)
13.3.3 Minimum/Maximum Switch Price/Configuration	302	(1)
13.3.4 Switch Architecture and Bus Capacity	302	(2)
13.3.5 Maximum Sum of Port Speeds	304	(1)
13.3.6 Percent Blocking at Load per GR-1110	304	(1)
13.3.7 Point-to-Multipoint Capability	304	(1)
13.3.8 Minimum Switch Transit Delay	304	(1)
13.3.9 VPI/VCI Bits on UNI/NNI	304	(1)
13.3.10 VPC and VCC Support (Maximum per Card/Switch)	304	(1)
13.3.11 Redundancy	304	(1)
13.3.12 Distinguishing Features	305	(1)
13.3.13 ATM Interfaces	305	(1)
13.3.14 Switch Type	305	(1)
13.3.15 Buffering	305	(1)
13.3.16 Congestion Control and Available Bit Rate	306	(1)
13.3.17 Cell Loss Probability (CLP)	306	(1)
13.3.18 Policing and Shaping	306	(1)
13.3.19 Connection Admission Control (CAC)	306	(1)
13.3.20 Early/Partial Packet Discard	306	(1)
13.3.21 OAM Performance Measurement	306	(1)
13.4 PROTOCOL AND STANDARDS SUPPORT	306	(2)
13.4.1 ATM Forum Signaling	306	(1)
13.4.2 ITU-T Signaling	307	(1)
13.4.3 LAN Emulation	307	(1)
13.4.4 Virtual LAN Capability	307	(1)
13.4.5 Classical IP over ATM	307	(1)
13.4.6 Multiprotocol over ATM	307	(1)
13.4.7 Next-Hop Resolution Protocol	307	(1)
13.4.8 Tested Interoperability with Other Switches	307	(1)
13.4.9 Distinguishing Features	307	(1)
13.5 NETWORK MANAGEMENT SUPPORT	308	(1)
13.5.1 Full ATM Forum ILMI	308	(1)
13.5.2 ILMI Address Registration	308	(1)
13.5.3 RFC 1695 (AToMMIB)	308	(1)
13.5.4 Per Port/VC Statistics	308	(1)
13.5.5 OAM Cell VPC/VCC AIS/RDI and Loopback	308	(1)
13.5.6 ATM Forum NM I/F Support	308	(1)
13.5.7 Automatic PVC Configuration and Restoration	308	(1)
13.5.8 NMS Support	308	(1)
13.5.9 Distinguishing Features of Network Management Support	309	(1)
13.6 REVIEW	309	(1)
13.7 REFERENCES	309	(2)
Chapter 14. ATM in the WAN Edge and Backbone	311	(30)
14.1 CORE OR BACKBONE SWITCHES	312	(3)
14.2 EDGE SWITCHES	315	(3)
14.3 WAN BACKBONE AND EDGE SWITCH SURVEY	318	(1)
14.4 REVIEW	318	(23)
Chapter 15. ATM in the Enterprise and LAN Backbone	341	(28)
15.1 ENTERPRISE ATM SWITCHES	342	(1)
15.2 LAN BACKBONE SWITCHES	343	(4)
15.3 ATM ENTERPRISE AND LAN BACKBONE DEVICES	347	(5)
15.3.1 Evolution of Routers, Bridges, and Hubs	349	(1)
15.3.2 ATM Routers	350	(1)
15.3.3 ATM Hubs	350	(1)
15.3.4 Other Local ATM Devices	351	(1)
15.4 LAN Enterprise and Backbone Switch Study	352	(1)
15.5 REVIEW	352	(16)
15.6 REFERENCES	368	(1)
Chapter 16. ATM in the Workgroup and Desktop Area Network	369	(24)
16.1 INTEGRATING ATM TO THE DESKTOP	371	(6)
16.1.1 The Battle for the Desktop	373	(2)
16.1.2 Standards Watch	375	(1)
16.1.3 Operating System and Application Programming Interfaces -- Where Are They?	375	(1)
16.1.4 ATM Servers	376	(1)
16.2 EVALUATING ATM NETWORK INTERFACE CARDS	377	(3)
16.2.1 Bus Structure and Media Supported	377	(1)
16.2.2 Operating Systems Support	378	(1)
16.2.3 Throughput	378	(1)
16.2.4 Features and Functionality Supported	378	(1)
16.2.5 ATM Switch Interoperability	379	(1)
16.2.6 ATM NIC Performance	379	(1)
16.2.7 Ease of Use and Installation	379	(1)
16.2.8 Documentation and Technical Support	379	(1)
16.2.9 Management	379	(1)
16.2.10 NIC Cost Comparison	379	(1)
16.3 NIC VENDORS	380	(4)
16.3.1 Efficient Networks Adapters	381	(3)
16.4 WORKGROUP SWITCH SURVEY RESULTS	384	(7)
16.5 REVIEW	391	(1)
16.6 REFERENCES	391	(2)
Chapter 17. ATM Switch Vendor Survey Details	393	(38)
17.1 GENERAL PRODUCT INFORMATION	393	(9)
17.1.1 Manufacturer, Product Name, and Category of Switch	393	(3)
17.1.2 Power	396	(1)
17.1.3 Minimum/Maximum Switch Price/Configuration	396	(1)
17.1.4 Switch Architecture, Bus Capacity, and Blocking	397	(1)
17.1.5 Maximum Sum of Port Speeds	397	(1)
17.1.6 % Blocking at Load per GR-1110	397	(1)
17.1.7 Point-to-Multipoint Capability	397	(1)
17.1.8 Minimum Switch Transit Delay	397	(1)
17.1.9 VPI/VCI Bits on UNI/NNI	398	(1)
17.1.10 VPC and VCC Support (Max per Card/Switch)	398	(1)
17.1.11 SVC Support (Max per Card/Switch)	398	(1)
17.1.12 Redundancy	398	(1)
17.1.13 Distinguishing Features	398	(3)
17.1.14 ATM Interfaces	401	(1)
17.2 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FEATURES	402	(11)
17.2.1 ATM Service Classes Supported	402	(1)
17.2.2 Switch Type	402	(1)
17.2.3 Buffering	402	(1)
17.2.4 Switch Buffer Quantity/Port	402	(1)
17.2.5 Architecture Narrative	403	(6)
17.2.6 Congestion Control	409	(2)
17.2.7 Cell Loss Probability	411	(1)
17.2.8 Policing and Shaping	412	(1)
17.2.9 Connection Admission Control	412	(1)
17.2.10 Early/Partial Packet Discard	413	(1)
17.2.11 OAM Performance Measurement I.610	413	(1)
17.3 PROTOCOL AND STANDARDS SUPPORT	413	(7)
17.3.1 ATM Forum Signaling	414	(1)
17.3.2 ITU-T Signaling	414	(1)
17.3.3 LAN Emulation	414	(1)
17.3.4 Virtual LAN Capability	414	(1)
17.3.5 IP over ATM	415	(1)
17.3.6 MPOA	415	(1)
17.3.7 Next-Hop Resolution Protocol	415	(1)
17.3.8 Tested Interoperability with other switches	415	(1)
17.3.9 The Interoperability Forum	415	(3)
17.3.10 Distinguishing Features	418	(2)
17.4 NETWORK MANAGEMENT SUPPORT	420	(9)
17.4.1 Full ATM Forum ILMI	420	(1)
17.4.2 ILMI Address Registration	420	(1)
17.4.3 RFC 1695 (AToMMIB)	420	(1)
17.4.4 Per Port/VC Statistics	420	(1)
17.4.5 OAM Cell VPC/VCC AIS/RDI and Loopback	420	(1)
17.4.6 ATM Forum NM I/F Support	420	(1)
17.4.7 Automatic PVC Configuration and Restoration	421	(1)
17.4.8 NMS Support	421	(3)
17.4.9 Distinguishing Features of Network Management Support	424	(5)
17.5 VENDORS WHO DECLINED TO ANSWER	429	(1)
17.6 ADDITIONAL RFP QUESTIONS	429	(1)
17.7 REVIEW	430	(1)
17.8 REFERENCES	430	(1)
Part 4 ATM SERVICES	431	(66)
Chapter 18. ATM Service Access Methods	431	(22)
18.1 ATM PUBLIC SERVICE ACCESS METHODS	432	(3)
18.1.1 Basic UNI Connectivity	432	(1)
18.1.2 nxDSO and DS1 ATM and Frame-Based UNI	433	(1)
18.1.3 nxDS1 ATM	434	(1)
18.2 ATM OVER SONET	435	(1)
18.3 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE TECHNOLOGIES	435	(7)
18.3.1 xDSL Explained	436	(3)
18.3.2 Standards Activity	439	(1)
18.3.3 Trials and Market Forecast	439	(2)
18.3.4 Equipment Vendors	441	(1)
18.3.5 ATM and xDSL -- Advantages for Carriers	441	(1)
18.3.6 ATM over xDSL -- Future Internet Access Method of Choice?	442	(1)
18.4 ATM CABLE MODEMS	442	(1)
18.5 PCS DIGITAL AND CELLULAR ANALOG ACCESS TO ATM	443	(1)
18.6 SET-TOP ATM	443	(1)
18.7 TELECOMMUTING OPTIONS COMPARISON	444	(1)
18.8 ATM AND THE PBX	444	(1)
18.9 VOICE OVER ATM	445	(4)
18.9.1 Service Class Selection	446	(2)
18.9.2 Handling ATM Network Delay and Echo	448	(1)
18.9.3 Applications of Voice over ATM	448	(1)
18.10 REVIEW	449	(1)
18.11 REFERENCES	449	(4)
Chapter 19. ATM Services in North America	453	(28)
19.1 ATM PUBLIC SERVICES OVERVIEW	453	(2)
19.1.1 Public ATM Network Architectures	453	(1)
19.1.2 ATM Service Suite	454	(1)
19.1.3 Public ATM Services and Providers	454	(1)
19.2 PUBLIC ATM SERVICES COMPARISON OVERVIEW	455	(1)
19.3 ATM SERVICES GENERAL INFORMATION	455	(23)
19.3.1 Service Provider, Service Name, and Service Availability	456	(1)
19.3.2 Product Name and Switch Used	457	(1)
19.3.3 Service Availability	457	(2)
19.3.4 ATM Forum UNI Support	459	(1)
19.3.5 ATM Service Categories Supported	459	(1)
19.3.6 Congestion Control	459	(2)
19.3.7 PVC VPC and VCC Service	461	(1)
19.3.8 SVC Service	461	(1)
19.3.9 FR/ATM Service Interworking	462	(1)
19.3.10 Access to SMDS	462	(1)
19.3.11 Access to Internet	462	(1)
19.3.12 LAN Connectivity	462	(1)
19.3.13 Voice over ATM	462	(1)
19.3.14 Pricing Method and Strategy	462	(1)
19.3.15 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)	463	(1)
19.3.16 Customer Network Management	463	(1)
19.3.17 Referenced and Announced Customers	464	(1)
19.3.18 Differentiating Features	464	(1)
19.3.19 ATM Interfaces Supported By Service	465	(13)
19.4 ATM SERVICE PRICING STRUCTURES	478	(2)
19.4.1 LEC/RBOC/CAP Pricing	478	(1)
19.4.2 Carrier/ISP Pricing	478	(2)
19.4.3 SVC Pricing	480	(1)
19.5 INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN SERVICES	480	(1)
19.6 REVIEW	480	(1)
19.7 REFERENCES	480	(1)
Chapter 20. Global Service Providers	481	(16)
20.1 INTERNATIONAL ATM SERVICE PROVIDERS	481	(4)
20.1.1 Global Alliances	481	(1)
20.1.2 International Trails	481	(4)
20.2 European Networks	485	(5)
20.2.1 European ATM Services Market	486	(1)
20.2.2 European LAN Infrastructures	486	(1)
20.2.3 European WAN Infrastructures	486	(1)
20.2.4 Standards Environment	487	(1)
20.2.5 Regulatory Environment	487	(1)
20.2.6 European ATM Service Providers	488	(1)
20.2.7 European Leaders	488	(2)
20.2.8 Other European Network Initiatives	490	(1)
20.2.9 Pricing	490	(1)
20.2.10 Future European ATM Efforts	490	(1)
20.3 PACIFIC RIM NETWORKS	490	(2)
20.3.1 Australia	490	(1)
20.3.2 Hong Kong Telecom	491	(1)
20.3.3 Japan	491	(1)
20.4 ATM OVER SATELLITE TRIALS AND SERVICES	492	(3)
20.4.1 Benefits of ATM over Satellite	492	(1)
20.4.2 TCP Transmission Issues When Using Satellites	492	(1)
20.4.3 Performance Measurements	493	(2)
20.4.4 Applications	495	(1)
20.4.5 When Is ATM Satellite Cheaper Than Terrestrial Fiber?	495	(1)
20.5 REVIEW	495	(1)
20.6 REFERENCES	495	(2)
Part 5 SURVEY OF NETWORK DESIGNS	497	(54)
Chapter 21. Understanding Your Business and Application Needs	499	(14)
21.1 DEFINE THE USER REQUIREMENTS FIRST	499	(1)
21.2 TRAFFIC FORECAST	500	(4)
21.2.1 Traffic Type	500	(1)
21.2.2 Traffic Volume	501	(1)
21.2.3 Defining Quality of Service Requirements	502	(1)
21.2.4 Estimating Traffic Patterns -- Gone are the Days of 80/20	503	(1)
21.3 GETTING APPLICATIONS TO ATM	504	(1)
21.3.1 New Applications on ATM	504	(1)
21.3.2 Converting Legacy LAN Applications to ATM	504	(1)
21.3.3 Application Dependencies	505	(1)
21.4 VIDEOCONFERENCING OVER ATM	505	(3)
21.4.1 Market and Application Defined	505	(1)
21.4.2 ATM Videoconferencing APIs and Operating Systems	506	(1)
21.4.3 Videoconferencing Standards	506	(1)
21.4.4 CODEC Requirement	507	(1)
21.4.5 Residential Video	507	(1)
21.4.6 Video over ATM Design Requirements	507	(1)
21.5 APPLICATION PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS	508	(2)
21.5.1 Effects of Network Congestion on Data Applications	508	(1)
21.5.2 TCP over ATM: UBR and ABR	509	(1)
21.6 FR TO ATM MIGRATION ISSUES -- INTERWORKING	510	(2)
21.6.1 FR/ATM Network Interworking	510	(1)
21.6.2 FR/ATM Service Interworking	510	(2)
21.7 REVIEW	512	(1)
21.8 REFERENCES	512	(1)
Chapter 22. Designing Private and Public ATM Networks	513	(22)
22.1 PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC -- BUILD OR BUY?	513	(1)
22.2 PRIVATE LOCAL AREA ATM NETWORKS	514	(2)
22.2.1 Native ATM to the Desktop and Workgroup	515	(1)
22.2.2 Interworking with Legacy LANs	515	(1)
22.2.3 Upgrading to an ATM LAN Backbone	516	(1)
22.3 PRIVATE ATM WIDE AREA NETWORKS	516	(5)
22.3.1 Economics of Private Line-Based Networking	516	(3)
22.3.2 The Effect of Traffic Volume on Efficiency	519	(1)
22.3.3 Impact of Service Availability on Access Line Design	520	(1)
22.4 HYBRID PUBLIC-PRIVATE NETWORKS	521	(5)
22.4.1 ATM's Forte: Flexibility	521	(1)
22.4.2 Tunneling over Virtual Paths	521	(1)
22.4.3 Optimizing Network Topologies	522	(3)
22.4.4 Permanent versus Switched Virtual Connections	525	(1)
22.4.5 Building a Bigger, Better (Emulated) LAN	525	(1)
22.4.6 Designing the Network to Fit the Service Cost or Tariff	525	(1)
22.5 SELECTING VENDORS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS	526	(2)
22.5.1 Selecting Equipment Vendors	527	(1)
22.5.2 Selecting an ATM Service Provider	527	(1)
22.6 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS	528	(4)
22.6.1 Selecting and Managing PVCs and SVCs	528	(2)
22.6.2 Virtual LANs (VLANs)	530	(1)
22.6.3 Improving ATM Network Performance	530	(1)
22.6.4 Delay, Jitter, and Buffering	531	(1)
22.6.5 ATM Security	532	(1)
22.7 REVIEW	532	(1)
22.8 REFERENCES	532	(3)
Chapter 23. Case Studies	535	(16)
23.1 SOURCES OF CASE STUDY MATERIAL	535	(1)
23.2 INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER NETWORKS	535	(1)
23.3 FOOD SERVICES	536	(1)
23.3.1 McDonald's Corp.	536	(1)
23.4 MEDICAL	537	(1)
23.4.1 Pennsylvania's Allegheny Health, Education and Research Foundation (AHERF)	537	(1)
23.5 FINANCIAL SERVICES -- BANKING	538	(1)
23.5.1 Boatmen's Bank	538	(1)
23.6 RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION	538	(2)
23.6.1 Schlumberger Geco-Prakla	538	(2)
23.6.2 Bayer AG	540	(1)
23.7 ENTERTAINMENT/TRAVEL	540	(2)
23.7.1 Carnival	540	(1)
23.7.2 I Want My MCI HDTV!	541	(1)
23.7.3 Equant (Scitor) Circle	541	(1)
23.7.4 Videotron and SohoNet	541	(1)
23.8 THE ARTS	542	(2)
23.8.1 City Library in Valenciennes, France	542	(2)
23.9 RETAIL	544	(1)
23.9.1 Gemological Institute of America (GIA) Gem Trade Laboratory (GTL)	544	(1)
23.10 TRANSPORTATION	545	(1)
23.10.1 Canada's Highway 407	545	(1)
23.11 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE	546	(2)
23.11.1 Intuit Services Corporation (ISC)	546	(1)
23.11.2 Lloyd's Bank	547	(1)
23.12 GOVERNMENT NETWORKS	548	(2)
23.12.1 vBNS	548	(2)
23.13 REVIEW	550	(1)
23.14 REFERENCES	550	(1)
Part 6 TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONS AND FUTURES	551	(42)
Chapter 24. Technology Comparisons	553	(22)
24.1 LAN TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON	553	(9)
24.1.1 Technology Comparison -- Ethernet vs. FDDI vs. ATM	554	(2)
24.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet	556	(1)
24.1.3 ATM versus Gigabit Ethernet	556	(1)
24.1.4 Will Gigabit Ethernet Displace ATM in the LAN?	556	(2)
24.1.5 NICs, Switches, Ports	558	(1)
24.1.6 Cost Comparisons of LAN Media	559	(1)
24.1.7 25-Mbps ATM	560	(1)
24.1.8 What Is the Market Demanding?	561	(1)
24.1.9 User and Application Requirements	561	(1)
24.2 WAN TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON	562	(5)
24.2.1 ATM versus Private Lines	562	(2)
24.2.2 Frame Relay Compared with ATM	564	(1)
24.2.3 High-Speed FR Compared with ATM	564	(1)
24.2.4 Frames versus Cells	565	(2)
24.3 MULTIMEDIA QOS OPTIONS: RSVP, CIF, OR ATM?	567	(1)
24.4 RSVP VERSUS ATM: THE QOS BATTLE	568	(2)
24.4.1 RSVP Defined	568	(1)
24.4.2 Internet Service Providers -- RSVP vs. ATM	569	(1)
24.4.3 The Internet -- A Study in Voice over ATM	569	(1)
24.4.4 Vendor Offerings	569	(1)
24.5 CELLS IN FRAMES	570	(2)
24.6 COMPARISON OF RSVP, CIF, AND ATM	572	(1)
24.7 REVIEW	573	(1)
24.8 REFERENCES	573	(2)
Chapter 25. Whither (or Wither) ATM?	575	(18)
25.1 COMPETITION AND SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST	575	(1)
25.2 ATM'S EXPANSION INTO NEW FRONTIERS	576	(1)
25.3 WIRELESS ATM	576	(4)
25.4 SERVING THE LEADING-EDGE USER	580	(2)
25.4.1 Faster and Faster, Larger and Larger	581	(1)
25.4.2 Multimedia Now, or When?	581	(1)
25.4.3 Future-proofing Investments	582	(1)
25.5 TROUBLE IN ACHIEVING QOS WITH FRAMES	582	(2)
25.6 IP AND ATM: HAND IN HAND, OR IN EACH OTHER'S FACE?	584	(1)
25.7 THE REAL COST OF DATA NETWORKING	584	(1)
25.8 ON DEMAND SWITCHING -- THE KEY SUCCESS?	585	(1)
25.9 WILL ATM REPLACE TODAY'S VOICE INFRASTRUCTURE?	586	(2)
25.10 ATM'S KEY CHALLENGES	588	(1)
25.10.1 Key Challenges for ATM Technology	588	(1)
25.10.2 Key Challenges for ATM Service Providers	589	(1)
25.11 ATM ARCHITECTURES OF TOMORROW	589	(1)
25.12 REVIEW	590	(1)
25.13 REFERENCES	590	(3)
Appendix A Acronyms and Abbreviations	593	(12)
Appendix B Standards Sources	605	(6)
Glossary	611	(18)
Index	629