Hazardous Materials Air Monitoring And Detection Devices

by Hawley, Christopher David

• ISBN13: 9781418038311
• ISBN10: 1418038318
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-12-05
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Updated to the 2007 Edition of NFPA standard 472, Hazardous Materials Air Monitoring/Detection Devices explains technical information in an easy to understand manner, and provides HazMat teams with a thorough guide to effective air monitoring in emergency response situations. The key component to safely responding to hazardous materials is the use of a variety of detection devices for effective air monitoring. In this book, each type of air monitoring device available for emergency services is described in detail, including operating guidelines and sampling strategies. The most up-to-date information is provided along with discussion of the future trends and technology shaping this business, keeping the user at the forefront of this rapidly changing field. Also, a special section discusses the latest trend in HazMat-the detection and monitoring of hazardous agents used for terrorism.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
About the Author	xv
Role of Air Monitoring in HAZMAT Response	1	(18)
Learning Objectives	2	(1)
Introduction	2	(3)
Regulations and Standards	5	(1)
General Terminology	5	(11)
State of Matter	5	(1)
Gases and Vapors	6	(1)
Boiling Point	6	(1)
Vapor Density (VD)	7	(1)
Vapor Pressure	8	(2)
Flammable Range	10	(1)
Flash Point	11	(1)
Accuracy and Precision	12	(1)
Bump Tests and Calibration	12	(2)
Response and Recovery Times	14	(1)
Correction Factor	14	(2)
Formulas and Conversions	16	(1)
Summary	16	(1)
Key Terms	17	(1)
Review Questions	17	(1)
Additional Resources	18	(1)
Identifying the Corrosive Risk	19	(8)
Learning Objectives	20	(1)
Introduction	20	(2)
Methods of pH Detection	22	(2)
Summary	24	(1)
Key Terms	25	(1)
Review Questions	25	(1)
Additional Resources	25	(2)
Oxygen Level Determination	27	(6)
Learning Objectives	28	(1)
Introduction	28	(1)
Monitoring for Oxygen	28	(1)
Oxygen Sensors	29	(1)
Summary	30	(1)
Key Terms	30	(1)
Review Questions	30	(1)
Additional Resources	31	(2)
Flammable Gas Detection	33	(10)
Learning Objectives	34	(1)
Introduction	34	(3)
Flammable Gas (LEL) Sensor Types	37	(4)
Wheatstone Bridge Sensor	37	(1)
Catalytic Bead Sensor	38	(1)
Metal Oxide Sensor	39	(1)
Infrared Sensor	40	(1)
Linearity	41	(1)
Summary	41	(1)
Key Terms	41	(1)
Review Questions	42	(1)
Additional Resources	42	(1)
Toxic Gas Sensors	43	(8)
Learning Objectives	44	(1)
Introduction	44	(1)
Toxic Gas Sensing Technology	45	(2)
Carbon Monoxide Incidents	47	(2)
Summary	49	(1)
Key Terms	49	(1)
Review Questions	49	(1)
Additional Resources	50	(1)
Ionizing Detection Units	51	(10)
Learning Objectives	52	(1)
Introduction	52	(1)
Photoionization Detectors	52	(4)
Flame lonization Detectors	56	(1)
Corona Discharge lonization	57	(1)
Gas Chromatography	58	(1)
Mass Spectrometry	59	(1)
Summary	59	(1)
Key Terms	59	(1)
Review Questions	60	(1)
Additional Resources	60	(1)
Colorimetric Sampling	61	(8)
Learning Objectives	62	(1)
Introduction	62	(1)
Colorimetric Science	62	(1)
Detection of Known Materials	63	(1)
Detection of Unidentified Materials	63	(2)
Street Smart Tips for Colorimetric Tubes	65	(1)
Additional Colorimetric Sampling Tips	66	(1)
Summary	67	(1)
Key Terms	67	(1)
Review Questions	67	(1)
Additional Resources	67	(2)
Radiation Detection	69	(12)
Learning Objectives	70	(1)
Introduction	70	(1)
Sources of Radiation	70	(2)
Radiation Dose	72	(1)
Radiation Protection	72	(3)
Radiation Monitors	75	(1)
Types of Radiation Detectors	76	(3)
Geiger-Mueller Tubes	76	(1)
Scintillation Crystals	77	(1)
Gamma Spectroscopy (Radiation Isotope Identifier)	78	(1)
Radiation Pagers	78	(1)
TLD and Film Badges	79	(1)
Summary	79	(1)
Key Terms	79	(1)
Review Questions	80	(1)
Additional Resources	80	(1)
Other Detection Devices	81	(16)
Learning Objectives	82	(1)
Introduction	82	(1)
Vibrational Spectroscopy	82	(3)
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy	82	(1)
Raman Spectroscopy	83	(1)
FTIR and Raman Technologies Compared	84	(1)
Infrared Spectroscopy	85	(1)
Mercury Detector	85	(1)
HazCat™ Kit	86	(3)
Test Strips	89	(5)
Water-Finding Test Paper	94	(1)
Drum Sampling	94	(2)
Infrared Thermometers	96	(1)
Summary	96	(1)
Key Terms	96	(1)
Review Questions	96	(1)
Additional Resources	96	(1)
Terrorism Agent Detection	97	(28)
Learning Objectives	98	(1)
Introduction	98	(2)
Methods of Detection	100	(17)
Test Strips	101	(1)
Colorimetric Sampling	102	(1)
Direct Read Instruments	103	(3)
IMS Detection Devices	106	(2)
Surface Acoustic Wave	108	(1)
Biological Testing Devices	109	(4)
Explosive Detection Devices	113	(4)
Sampling Strategies for Terrorism Agents	117	(2)
Warfare Agents Sampling Strategy	119	(2)
Blister Agent Detection	119	(2)
Summary	121	(1)
Key Terms	121	(2)
Review Questions	123	(1)
Additional Resources	123	(2)
Tactical Use of Air Monitors	125	(16)
Learning Objectives	126	(1)
Introduction	126	(1)
Risk-Based Response	126	(1)
Basic Characterization	127	(3)
Meter Response	130	(1)
The Role of Air Monitors in Isolation and Evacuations	131	(1)
Detection of Unidentified Materials and Sampling Priorities	132	(1)
Summary	133	(1)
Key Terms	133	(7)
Review Questions	140	(1)
Additional Resources	140	(1)
Response to Sick Buildings	141	(16)
Learning Objectives	142	(1)
Introduction	142	(3)
Sick Building Categories	145	(1)
Causes of Sick Buildings	145	(6)
Ventilation Systems	145	(3)
Environmental Factors	148	(1)
Contamination	148	(3)
Acute Sick Buildings	151	(1)
Specific Response Actions	152	(3)
Summary	155	(1)
Key Terms	155	(1)
Review Questions	155	(1)
Additional Resources	155	(2)
Appendix A Air Monitoring Use Report	157	(4)
Appendix B Colorimetric Sampling Strategy for Sick Buildings	161	(2)
Suggested Readings and Bibliography	163	(2)
Glossary	165	(4)
Acronyms	169	(2)
Index	171