Hazardous Materials Incidents

by Hawley, Chris

• ISBN13: 9780766842960
• ISBN10: 0766842967
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-18
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

Marked by its risk-based response philosophy, Hazardous Materials Incidents is an invaluable procedural manual and all-inclusive information resource for emergency services professionals faced with the challenge of responding swiftly and effectively to hazardous materials and terrorism incidents. Easy-to-read and perfect for use in HazMat awareness, operations, and technician-level training courses, this "Operations Plus" book begins by acquainting readers with current laws and regulations, including those governing emergency planning and workplace safety. Subsequent chapters provide in-depth information about personal protective equipment and its limitations; protective actions ranging from site management and rescue through evacuation and decontamination; product control including the use of carbon monoxide detectors; responses to terrorism and terrorist groups; law enforcement activities such as SWAT operations and evidence collection; and more! A key resource for every fire, police, EMS, and industrial responder, Hazardous Materials Incidents is one of the few books available today that is modeled on current ways of thinking about HazMat and terrorism responses and operations.

Table of Contents

Foreword	viii
Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	x
Reviewers	xi
About the Author	xii
Introduction to Hazardous Materials	xiii
Hazardous Materials: Laws, Regulations, and Standards	1	(14)
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Laws, Regulations, and Standards	4	(1)
Development Process	4	(1)
Emergency Planning	4	(3)
State and Local Emergency Response Committees	4	(1)
Local Emergency Response Plans	5	(1)
Chemical Inventory Reporting	5	(2)
Osha Hazwoper Regulation	7	(4)
Paragraph q	9	(1)
Medical Monitoring	10	(1)
Standards	11	(1)
NFPA 471	11	(1)
NFPA 472	11	(1)
NFPA 473	11	(1)
Standard of Care	11	(1)
Additional Laws, Regulations, and Standards	12	(1)
Hazard Communication	12	(1)
Superfund Act	12	(1)
Clean Air Act	13	(1)
Respiratory Protection	13	(1)
Firefighter Safety	13	(1)
NFPA Chemical Protective Clothing	13	(1)
Summary	13	(1)
Key Terms	13	(1)
Review Questions	14	(1)
Suggested Readings	14	(1)
Recognition and Identification	15	(56)
Objectives	17	(1)
Introduction	17	(1)
Location and Occupancy	17	(1)
Placards, Labels, and Markings	18	(11)
Placards	18	(10)
Problems with the Placarding System	28	(1)
Labeling and Marking Specifics	29	(1)
Other Identification Systems	29	(5)
NFPA 704 System	29	(2)
Hazardous Materials Information System	31	(1)
Military Warning System	32	(1)
Pipeline Markings	32	(1)
Container Markings	33	(1)
Pesticide Container Markings	34	(1)
Containers	34	(27)
General Containers	34	(1)
Cardboard Boxes	34	(3)
Totes and Bulk Tanks	37	(2)
Pipelines	39	(1)
Highway Transportation Containers	39	(7)
Specialized Tank Trucks	46	(4)
Intermodal Tanks	50	(1)
Rail Transportation	50	(6)
Bulk Storage Tanks	56	(5)
Senses	61	(1)
Chemical and Physical Properties	61	(7)
States of Matter	62	(1)
Vapor Pressure	63	(1)
Vapor Density	64	(1)
Specific Gravity	65	(1)
Corrosivity	65	(1)
Chemical Reactivity	66	(1)
Flash Point	67	(1)
Auto-Ignition Temperature	67	(1)
Flammable Range	67	(1)
Toxic Products of Combustion	67	(1)
Summary	68	(1)
Key Terms	69	(1)
Review Questions	70	(1)
Endnotes	70	(1)
Suggested Readings	70	(1)
Information Resources	71	(24)
Objectives	73	(1)
Introduction	73	(1)
North American Emergency Response Guidebook	73	(12)
Material Safety Data Sheets	85	(3)
Shipping Papers	88	(3)
Mode of Transportation	90	(1)
Facility Documents	91	(1)
Computer Resources	91	(1)
Chemtrec	92	(1)
Reference and Information Texts	92	(1)
Industrial Technical Assistance	93	(1)
Summary	93	(1)
Key Terms	93	(1)
Review Questions	94	(1)
Suggested Readings	94	(1)
Protection	95	(22)
Objectives	97	(1)
Introduction	97	(1)
Health Hazards	98	(4)
Toxicology	98	(1)
Types of Exposures	98	(1)
Types of Hazards	98	(1)
Categories of Health Hazards	98	(2)
Routes of Exposure	100	(2)
Exposure Levels	102	(3)
Types of PPE	105	(9)
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus	106	(1)
Chemical Protective Clothing	107	(1)
Level A Protective Clothing	108	(1)
Level B Suits	108	(2)
Level C Suits	110	(1)
Level D Suits	111	(1)
High Temperature Clothing	111	(1)
Cold Temperature Clothing	112	(1)
Limitations of PPE	113	(1)
Heat Stress	113	(1)
Mobility	114	(1)
Visibility	114	(1)
Communications	114	(1)
Summary	114	(1)
Key Terms	115	(1)
Review Questions	115	(1)
Endnotes	116	(1)
Suggested Readings	116	(1)
Protective Actions	117	(42)
Objectives	119	(1)
Introduction	119	(1)
Incident Management Systems	119	(3)
Hazardous Materials Management Processes	122	(5)
Isolation and Protection	122	(1)
Rescue	123	(4)
Site Management	127	(5)
Establishment of Zones	127	(3)
Evacuations and Sheltering in Place	130	(2)
Common Incidents	132	(14)
Types of Releases	132	(1)
Explosives	133	(3)
Gases	136	(2)
Flammable and Combustible Liquids	138	(2)
Flammable Solids/Water Reactives/Spontaneously Combustible	140	(1)
Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides	141	(1)
Poisons	142	(1)
Radioactive	143	(1)
Corrosives	143	(1)
Other Incidents	143	(3)
Decontamination	146	(9)
Types of Decontamination	146	(1)
Emergency Decontamination	146	(1)
Gross Decontamination	147	(1)
Formal Decontamination	147	(1)
Fine Decontamination	147	(1)
Mass Decontamination	148	(4)
Decontamination Process	152	(3)
Methods of Decontamination	155	(1)
Summary	156	(1)
Key Terms	157	(1)
Review Questions	157	(1)
Endnotes	158	(1)
Suggested Readings	158	(1)
Product Control and Air Monitoring	159	(20)
Objectives	161	(1)
Introduction	161	(1)
Defensive Operations	161	(6)
Absorption	161	(1)
Diking and Damming	162	(2)
Diverting	164	(2)
Retention	166	(1)
Dilution	166	(1)
Vapor Dispersion	166	(1)
Vapor Suppression	167	(1)
Remote Shutoffs	167	(1)
Air Monitoring at the First Responder Operations Level	167	(2)
Regulations and Standards	168	(1)
Air Monitor Configurations	168	(1)
Meter Terminology	169	(6)
Bump Test	169	(1)
Calibration	169	(1)
Reaction Time	170	(1)
Recovery Time	170	(1)
Relative Response	170	(1)
Oxygen Monitors	170	(1)
Oxygen Monitors Limitations	171	(1)
Combustible Gas Indicators	171	(1)
Combustible Gas Sensor Types	172	(1)
Toxic Gas Monitors	173	(1)
Other Detectors	174	(1)
Carbon Monoxide Incidents	175	(2)
Summary	177	(1)
Key Terms	177	(1)
Review Questions	178	(1)
Suggested Readings	178	(1)
Terrorism Awareness	179	(20)
Objectives	181	(1)
Introduction	181	(2)
Types of Terrorism	183	(1)
Potential Targets	184	(2)
Indicators of Terrorism	186	(2)
Incident Actions	188	(2)
General Groupings of Warfare Agents	190	(4)
Nerve Agents	190	(1)
Incendiary Agents	190	(1)
Blister Agents (Vesicants)	191	(1)
Blood and Choking Agents	191	(1)
Irritants (Riot Control)	192	(1)
Biological Agents and Toxins	192	(1)
Radioactives	193	(1)
Other Terrorism Agents	194	(1)
Detection of Terrorism Agents	194	(1)
Federal Assistance	194	(1)
Basic Incident Priorities	195	(1)
Summary	196	(1)
Key Terms	196	(1)
Review Questions	196	(1)
Endnotes	197	(1)
Suggested Readings	197	(2)
HazMat and Law Enforcement Activities	199	(18)
Objectives	201	(1)
Introduction	201	(1)
Common HazMat	201	(1)
Blood Borne Pathogens	202	(1)
Drugs and Chemical Effects	202	(1)
Clandestine Labs	202	(5)
Drug Labs	203	(2)
Explosive Labs	205	(1)
Terrorism Agent Labs	206	(1)
Explosive Incidents	207	(1)
Bomb Squad and Hazmat interface	207	(1)
General Rules	207	(1)
Special Situations	207	(1)
Swat Operations	208	(4)
Intel	208	(1)
Special Considerations	209	(1)
Setup	210	(1)
Emergency Conditions	211	(1)
Evidence Collection	212	(2)
Considerations	212	(1)
Operations and Entry	213	(1)
Summary	214	(1)
Key Terms	214	(1)
Review Questions	215	(1)
Suggested Readings	215	(2)
Glossary	217	(6)
Abbreviations	223	(2)
Index	225