Hazardous Materials Incidents

by Hawley, Chris

• ISBN13: 9781401857585
• ISBN10: 1401857582
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-12-31
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Designed for all first responders who encounter hazardous materials emergencies, this reader-friendly training guide not only covers all of the competencies in the 2002 Edition of Standard NFPA 472 at the awareness operations level, but also offers beneficial information on air monitoring, terrorism, and special operations issues! Marked by its risk-based response philosophy, Hazardous Materials Incidents, 2E focuses on the safest and most efficient method for handling hazardous materials incidents. Readers are provided real-life experiences through case studies that integrate theoretical strategies with authentic HazMat situations, reinforcing the lessons covered. All-inclusive coverage features a special chapter on the interactions between law enforcement, firefighters and EMS personnel to effectively respond to hazardous materials events.

Author Biography

Christopher Hawley is a retired Fire Specialist and Special Operations Coordinator with the Baltimore County, MD Fire Department. He has also served on development teams for local, state, and federal projects, including the National Fire Academy, and provides HAZMAT and terrorism response training nationwide. He is currently the owner of FBN Training

Table of Contents

Foreword	x
Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xii
Reviewers	xiii
About the Author	xiv
Introduction to Hazardous Materials	xv
NFPA 472 Correlation Guide	xvi
Hazardous Materials: Laws, Regulations, and Standards	1	(14)
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Laws, Regulations, and Standards	4	(1)
Development Process	4	(1)
Emergency Planning	4	(3)
State and Local Emergency Response Committees	4	(1)
Local Emergency Response Plans	5	(1)
Chemical Inventory Reporting	5	(2)
OSHA HAZWOPER Regulation	7	(4)
Paragraph q	9	(1)
Medical Monitoring	10	(1)
Standards	11	(1)
NFPA 471	11	(1)
NFPA 472	11	(1)
NFPA 473	11	(1)
Standard of Care	11	(1)
Additional Laws, Regulations, and Standards	12	(1)
Hazard Communication	12	(1)
Superfund Act	12	(1)
Clean Air Act	13	(1)
Respiratory Protection	13	(1)
Firefighter Safety	13	(1)
NFPA Chemical Protective Clothing	13	(1)
Summary	13	(1)
Key Terms	13	(1)
Review Questions	14	(1)
Suggested Readings	14	(1)
Recognition and Identification	15	(60)
Objectives	17	(1)
Introduction	17	(1)
Location and Occupancy	17	(1)
Placards, Labels, and Markings	18	(11)
Placards	18	(10)
Problems with the Placarding System	28	(1)
Labeling and Marking Specifics	29	(1)
Other Identification Systems	29	(5)
NFPA 704 System	29	(2)
Hazardous Materials Information System	31	(1)
Military Warning System	31	(1)
Pipeline Markings	32	(1)
Container Markings	33	(1)
Pesticide Container Markings	34	(1)
Containers	34	(29)
General Containers	34	(3)
Totes and Bulk Tanks	37	(1)
Pipelines	38	(1)
Highway Transportation Containers	39	(6)
Response to Potential BLEVE Situations	45	(3)
Specialized Tank Trucks	48	(3)
Intermodal Tanks	51	(4)
Rail Transportation	55	(3)
Bulk Storage Tanks	58	(5)
Senses	63	(1)
Chemical and Physical Properties	63	(9)
States of Matter	63	(2)
Vapor Pressure	65	(1)
Vapor Density	66	(2)
Specific Gravity	68	(1)
Corrosivity	69	(1)
Chemical Reactivity	70	(1)
Flash Point	70	(1)
Auto-Ignition Temperature	70	(1)
Flammable Range	70	(1)
Toxic Products of Combustion	71	(1)
Summary	72	(1)
Key Terms	72	(1)
Review Questions	73	(1)
Endnotes	74	(1)
Suggested Readings	74	(1)
Information Resources	75	(28)
Objectives	77	(1)
Introduction	77	(1)
Emergency Response Guidebook	77	(13)
Material Safety Data Sheets	90	(2)
Shipping Papers	92	(6)
Mode of Transportation	95	(3)
Facility Documents	98	(1)
Computer Resources	98	(1)
Chemtrec	99	(1)
Reference and Information Texts	99	(1)
Industrial Technical Assistance	100	(1)
Summary	101	(1)
Key Terms	101	(1)
Review Questions	101	(1)
Suggested Readings	101	(2)
Protection	103	(22)
Objectives	105	(1)
Introduction	105	(1)
Health Hazards	106	(4)
Toxicology	106	(1)
Types of Exposures	106	(1)
Types of Hazards	106	(1)
Categories of Health Hazards	107	(1)
Routes of Exposure	108	(2)
Exposure Levels	110	(3)
Types of PPE	113	(10)
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus	114	(1)
Chemical Protective Clothing	115	(1)
Level A Ensemble	116	(2)
Level B Ensemble	118	(1)
Level C Ensemble	119	(1)
Level D Suits	119	(1)
High Temperature Clothing	119	(1)
Cold Temperature Clothing	120	(1)
Limitations of PPE	120	(1)
Heat Stress	121	(2)
Mobility	123	(1)
Visibility	123	(1)
Communications	123	(1)
Summary	123	(1)
Key Terms	123	(1)
Review Questions	124	(1)
Endnote	124	(1)
Suggested Readings	124	(1)
Protective Actions	125	(44)
Objectives	127	(1)
Introduction	127	(1)
Incident Management Systems	127	(3)
Hazardous Materials Management Processes	130	(4)
Isolation and Protection	130	(1)
Rescue	131	(3)
Site Management	134	(6)
Establishment of Zones	134	(4)
Evacuations and Sheltering in Place	138	(2)
Common Incidents	140	(14)
Types of Releases	140	(1)
Explosives	141	(3)
Gases	144	(3)
Flammable and Combustible Liquids	147	(1)
Flammable Solids/Water Reactives/Spontaneously Combustible	147	(3)
Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides	150	(1)
Poisons	151	(1)
Radioactive	151	(1)
Corrosives	152	(1)
Other Incidents	153	(1)
Decontamination	154	(3)
Types of Decontamination	155	(1)
Emergency Decontamination	155	(1)
Gross Decontamination	155	(1)
Formal Decontamination	156	(1)
Fine Decontamination	156	(1)
Mass Decontamination	157	(1)
Decontamination Process	157	(1)
Methods of Decontamination	157	(8)
Summary	165	(1)
Key Terms	165	(1)
Review Questions	166	(1)
Endnotes	167	(1)
Suggested Readings	167	(2)
Product Control and Air Monitoring	169	(20)
Objectives	171	(1)
Introduction	171	(1)
Defensive Operations	171	(6)
Absorption	171	(1)
Diking and Damming	172	(2)
Diverting	174	(2)
Retention	176	(1)
Dilution	176	(1)
Vapor Dispersion	176	(1)
Vapor Suppression	177	(1)
Remote Shutoffs	177	(1)
Air Monitoring at the First Responder Operations Level	177	(2)
Regulations and Standards	178	(1)
Air Monitor Configurations	178	(1)
Meter Terminology	179	(6)
Bump Test	179	(1)
Calibration	179	(1)
Reaction Time	180	(1)
Recovery Time	180	(1)
Relative Response	180	(1)
Oxygen Monitors	180	(1)
Oxygen Monitor Limitations	181	(1)
Flammable Gas Indicators	181	(1)
Flammable Gas Sensor Types	182	(1)
Toxic Gas Monitors	183	(1)
Other Detectors	184	(1)
Carbon Monoxide Incidents	185	(2)
Summary	187	(1)
Key Terms	187	(1)
Review Questions	188	(1)
Suggested Readings	188	(1)
Terrorism Awareness	189	(26)
Objectives	191	(1)
Introduction	191	(5)
Types of Terrorism	196	(1)
Potential Targets	197	(2)
Indicators of Terrorism	199	(2)
Incident Actions	201	(2)
General Groupings of Warfare Agents	203	(4)
Nerve Agents	203	(1)
Incendiary Agents	204	(1)
Blister Agents (Vesicants)	204	(1)
Blood and Choking Agents	204	(1)
Irritants (Riot Control)	205	(1)
Biological Agents and Toxins	205	(2)
Radioactives	207	(1)
Other Terrorism Agents	207	(1)
Detection of Terrorism Agents	207	(4)
Test Strips	208	(1)
Colorimetric Sampling	209	(1)
Handheld Electronic Detection Devices	209	(1)
Biological Agent Detection	210	(1)
Federal Assistance	211	(1)
Basic Incident Priorities	212	(1)
Summary	213	(1)
Key Terms	213	(1)
Review Questions	214	(1)
Endnotes	214	(1)
Suggested Readings	214	(1)
HAZMAT and Law Enforcement	215	(18)
Objectives	217	(1)
Introduction	217	(1)
Common Hazmat Incidents	217	(1)
Blood-Borne Pathogens	218	(1)
Drugs and Chemical Effects	218	(1)
Clandestine Labs	218	(5)
Drug Labs	219	(2)
Explosives Labs	221	(1)
Terrorism Agent Labs	222	(1)
Explosive Incidents	223	(2)
Bomb Squad and Hazmat Interface	223	(1)
General Rules	223	(1)
Special Situations	223	(2)
SWAT Operations	225	(4)
Intel	225	(1)
Special Considerations	225	(2)
Setup	227	(1)
Emergency Conditions	228	(1)
Evidence Collection	229	(2)
Considerations	229	(1)
Operations and Entry	230	(1)
Summary	231	(1)
Key Terms	231	(1)
Review Questions	231	(1)
Suggested Readings	231	(2)
Glossary	233	(6)
Abbreviations	239	(2)
Index	241