The HCS12 / 9S12 An Introduction to Software and Hardware Interfacing

by Huang, Han-Way

• ISBN13: 9781435427426
• ISBN10: 1435427424
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-03-25
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This new book provides a total solution for learning and teaching embedded system design based on the Freescale HCS12/9S12 microcontroller. Readers will learn step-by-step how to program the HCS12 using both assembly and C languages, as well as how to use such development tools as CodeWarrior, ImageCraft ICC12, MiniIDE, GNU C, and EGNU IDE. Supportive examples clearly illustrate all applications of the HCS12 peripheral functions, including parallel port, timer functions, PWM, UART port, SPI, I2C, CAN, on-chip flash and EEPROM programming, external memory expansion, and more. New sections on C programming style, software development methodology, and software reuse have been added in theis revision. A back-of-book CD contains the source code for all examples in the book, several groups of reusable utility functions, and complimentary freeware development tools for improved learning.

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction to the HCS12

Microcontroller Objectives Number System Issue

The Computer Hardware Organization

The processor Microprocessor

Microcontroller Embedded Systems Memory

Magnetic Memory

Optical Memory

Semiconductor Memory

Non-Volatile and Volatile Memory

Random Access Memory

Read-Only Memory

Memory System

Operation Read

Operation Write

Operation Program Execution

The circuit of the Program Counter

Where does the Processor Start to Execute Program?

Instruction Execution Process Instruction

Sequence Example Instruction Execution Process

Overview of the HCS12

Microcontroller The HCS12

CPU Registers HCS12

Addressing Modes

Inherent Mode

Immediate Mode

Direct Mode

Extended Mode

Relative Mode

Indexed Addressing Modes

Indexed Addressing Modes with Constant Offsets

Indexed Addressing Mode with Offset in an Accumulator

Auto Pre/Postdecrement/Increment

Indexed Addressing Modes 16-bit

Offset Indexed-Indirect Mode

Accumulator D Indirect Indexed Addressing

Addressing More than 64 Kbytes

A Sample of HCS12

Instructions The Load and Store

Instructions Transfer and Exchange

Instructions Move

Instructions Add and Subtract

Instructions Instruction Queue

Summary

Exercise 2

HCS12 Assembly Programming Objectives

Assembly Language Program Structure

The Label Field

The Operation Field

The Operand Field

The Comment Field Assembler Directives

Software Development Issues

Writing Programs to Do Arithmetic Carry/Borrow Flag

Multiprecision Addition Subtraction and the C Flag

Multiprecision Subtraction Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD)

Addition Multiplication and Division Program

Loops Condition Code

Register Branch Instructions

Compare and Test Instructions

Loop Primitive Instructions

Implementation of Looping Constructs

Decrementing and Incrementing Instructions

Bit Condition Branch Instructions

Instructions for Variable Initialization

Shift and Rotate Instructions

Boolean Logic Instructions

Bit Test and Manipulate Instruction

Program Execution Time

The Multiply and Accumulate Instruction EMACS

Summary

Exercises 3

Hardware and Software Development Tools for the HCS12

Objectives HCS12

Members Development Tools for the HCS12

Software Development Tools

Hardware Development Tools

Types of HCS12 Demo boards

The Dragon12-Plus Demo Board

The D-Bug12 Monitor

The D-Bug12 Operating Modes EVB Mode

Using a Demo Board with the D-Bug12

Monitor Starting the MiniIDE Communicating with the Demo Board

Using the D-Bug12 Commands Entering an Assembly Program

Assembling the Program Downloading the S-Record

File onto the Demo Board for Execution

Running and Debugging the Program

Other D-Bug12 Modes

The Pod Mode

The Jump-to-EEPROM Mode

The Bootloader Mode

Tips for Assembly Language Program Debugging

Syntax Errors

Logical Errors

Using the CodeWarrior

Building Software Project

Using the CodeWarrior Project

Setup Source Code Entering Project

Build Program Debugging BDM

Serial Interface

The BDM-Based Debugger

Summary

Lab Exercises and Assignment 4

Advanced Assembly Programming Objectives

Introduction Stack Indexable Data Structures

Strings Data Conversion Character and Word Counting

Word Matching

String Insertion Subroutines

Issues in Subroutine Calls

Parameter Passing Result Returning Allocation of Local Variables

The Stack Frame Examples of Subroutine Calls

Finding the Greatest Common Divisor

Multiple Byte Division Bubble Sort

Finding the Square Root

Using the D-Bug12 Functions to Perform I/O Operations

Calling D-Bug12 Functions from Assembly Language

Descriptions of Callable Functions

Using the D-Bug12 Functions

Tips for Program Debugging Involving

Subroutine Calls What to Do When the Program

Gets Stuck General Debugging Strategy

Summary Exercises Lab Exercises and Assignments 5

C Language Programming Objectives

Introduction to C Types, Operators, and Expressions

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