Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck

by Waner, Milton; Suen, James Y.

• ISBN13: 9780471175971
• ISBN10: 0471175978
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-03-25
• Publisher: Wiley-Liss

Summary

Hemangiomas and vascular malformations are common place congenital birth marks (i.e. port wine stains) either present at birth or developing during the child's first years of life. In the past, the treatment of these congenital vascular lesions lacked a detailed plan of therapy, partly due to the belief that, given time, they would disappear. This book provides a new classification of the disorder which permits physicians to conduct a more sophisticated diagnosis and to select the most scientific approach of treatment for their removal with minimal blood loss.

Author Biography

Milton Waner and James Y. Suen are the authors of Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi	(2)
Preface	xiii	(2)
Acknowledgments	xv
1 A Classification of Congential Vascular Lesions	1	(12)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
1.1. Hemangiomas	3	(2)
1.2. Vascular Malformations	5	(2)
1.3. Clinical Application	7	(5)
References	12	(1)
2 The Natural History of Hemangiomas	13	(34)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
2.1. Proliferation	17	(7)
2.2. Involution	24	(6)
2.3. Complications of Hemangiomas	30	(11)
2.3.1. Ulceration	30	(1)
2.3.2. Airway Obstruction	31	(3)
2.3.3. Auditory Obstruction	34	(1)
2.3.4. Visual Obstruction	34	(2)
2.3.5. Hemorrhage	36	(2)
2.3.6. Congestive Heart Failure	38	(1)
2.3.7. Skeletal Distortion	39	(2)
2.4. Systemic Hemangiomatosis	41	(1)
References	42	(5)
3 The Natural History of Vascular Malformations	47	(36)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
3.1. Venular Malformations	50	(12)
3.1.1. Midline Venular Malformations	50	(2)
3.1.2. Venular Malformations (Port-Wine Stains)	52	(8)
3.1.3. Meningeal and Choroidal Involvement	60	(2)
3.2. Venous Malformations	62	(7)
3.3. Lymphatic Malformations	69	(5)
3.4. Arteriovenous Malformations	74	(6)
References	80	(3)
4 The Diagnosis of a Vascular Birthmark	83	(10)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
4.1. History	84	(1)
4.1.1. Was the Lesion Present at Birth?	84	(1)
4.1.2. Has It Grown?	84	(1)
4.1.3. Has It Shrunk?	85	(1)
4.2. Physical Examination	85	(3)
4.2.1. Hemangiomas	85	(1)
4.2.2. Vascular Malformations	85	(3)
4.3. Special Investigations	88	(4)
4.3.1. Computerized Axial Tomography	89	(1)
4.3.2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging	89	(1)
4.3.3. Angiography	90	(1)
4.3.4. Histology	90	(2)
References	92	(1)
5 The Surgical Pathology Approach to Pediatric Vascular Tumors and Anomalies	93	(78)
PAULA E. NORTH, M.D.
MARTIN C. MIHM., JR., M.D.
5.1. Normal Vascular System of the Dermis and Subcutis	95	(4)
5.1.1. Structure	95	(2)
5.1.2. Specialized Cellular Functions	97	(2)
5.1.3. Embryology	99	(1)
5.2. Hemangiomas	99	(28)
5.2.1. Histopathology	101	(23)
5.2.2. Pathogenesis	124	(3)
5.3. Vascular Malformations	127	(24)
5.3.1. Lymphatic Malformations	128	(6)
5.3.2. Venous Malformations	134	(8)
5.3.3. Port-Wine Stains (Cutaneous Venulocapillary Malformations)	142	(3)
5.3.4. Arteriovenous Malformations	145	(4)
5.3.5. Mixed, Low-Flow Vascular Malformations	149	(1)
5.3.6. Pathogenesis of Vascular Malformations	149	(2)
5.4. Rare Vascular Lesions of Infancy Associated with Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome	151	(7)
5.4.1. Infantile Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma	152	(3)
5.4.2. Tufted Angioma (Angioblastoma of Nakagawa)	155	(1)
5.4.3. Infantile Hemangiopericytoma	156	(2)
5.5. Conclusion	158	(1)
References	158	(13)
6 Diagnostic Imaging of Congenital Vascular Lesions	171	(46)
CHARLES A. JAMES, M.D.
6.1. Hemangiomas	174	(7)
6.2. Venous Malformations	181	(8)
6.3. Arteriovenous Malformations	189	(13)
6.4. Lymphatic Malformations	202	(11)
References	213	(4)
7 Psychosocial Impact of Congenital Vascular Lesions	217	(16)
JOSEPH BROGDON, M.A.
7.1. Developmental Overview	218	(1)
7.2. The Psychology of Attractiveness	219	(4)
7.2.1. The Attractiveness Stereotype: "What is Beautiful is Good"	219	(1)
7.2.2. The Advantages of Attractiveness	220	(2)
7.2.3. Psychopathology and Unattractiveness	222	(1)
7.3. Psychosocial Scope of the Phenomenon	223	(1)
7.4. Current State-of-the-Art Clinical Response	224	(1)
7.5. Psychological Sequela of the Vascular-Lesioned Child	225	(4)
7.6. The Family	229	(1)
References	230	(3)
8 Treatment Options for the Management of Hemangiomas	233	(30)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
8.1. Pharmacotherapy	234	(8)
8.1.1. Steroids	234	(5)
8.1.2. Interferon	239	(3)
8.2. Lasers	242	(17)
8.2.1. Laser Photocoagulation of Hemangiomas	246	(3)
8.2.2. Skin Resurfacing	249	(4)
8.2.3. Surgical Excision	253	(6)
References	259	(4)
9 The Treatment of Hemangiomas	263	(52)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
9.1. Stages in the Life Cycle	271	(1)
9.2. Treatment Modalities	271	(1)
9.3. General Principles	272	(1)
9.4. Treatment According to Stage	273	(20)
9.4.1. General Principles	273	(1)
9.4.2. Early Proliferation	274	(4)
9.4.3. Late Proliferation	278	(4)
9.4.4. Early Involution	282	(3)
9.4.5. Late Involution	285	(8)
9.5. Hemangiomas Requiring Special Consideration	293	(14)
9.5.1. Hemangiomas of the Upper and Lower Lips	293	(5)
9.5.2. Nasal Tip Hemangiomas	298	(4)
9.5.3. Parotid Hemangiomas	302	(1)
9.5.4. Subglottic Hemangiomas	303	(4)
9.6. The Management of Complications	307	(4)
9.6.1. Ulceration	307	(1)
9.6.2. High-Output Cardiac Failure	308	(1)
9.6.3. Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome	308	(3)
References	311	(4)
10 Treatment Options for the Management of Vascular Malformations	315	(36)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
10.1. Laser Photocoagulation	316	(10)
10.1.1. Selective Photothermolysis	316	(6)
10.1.2. Nonselective Photothermolysis	322	(2)
10.1.3. Laser Treatment: A Logical Approach	324	(2)
10.2. Techniques	326	(11)
10.2.1. Small Vessel Disorders	326	(5)
10.2.2. Medium Vessel Disorders	331	(2)
10.2.3. Large Vessel Disorders	333	(4)
10.3. Sclerotherapy	337	(5)
10.3.1. Lymphatic Malformations	338	(1)
10.3.2. Venous Malformations	339	(3)
10.4. Surgical Resection	342	(4)
10.4.1. Hemostasis	342	(1)
10.4.2. Extent of Resection	343	(1)
10.4.3. Preservation of Important Structures	344	(2)
10.4.4. Establishment and /or Preservation of Normal Facial Features	346	(1)
10.5. Embolization	346	(2)
References	348	(3)
11 The Treatment of Vascular Malformations	351	(40)
MILTON WANER, M.D.
JAMES Y. SUEN, M.D.
11.1. Midline Venular Malformations	352	(1)
11.2. Venular Malformations	353	(13)
11.2.1. Grades I and II Lesions	357	(1)
11.2.2. Grade IV Lesions	357	(1)
11.2.3. Grade III Lesions	357	(1)
11.2.4. Complications	358	(2)
11.2.5. Response	360	(6)
11.3. Venous Malformations	366	(11)
11.3.1. Venous Malformations of the Lips	366	(5)
11.3.2. Venous Malformations of the Buccal Fat Space	371	(6)
11.4. Arteriovenous Malformations	377	(7)
11.4.1. Preoperative Planning	379	(2)
11.4.2. Embolization	381	(1)
11.4.3. Surgical Resection	382	(2)
11.5. Lymphatic Malformations	384	(5)
11.5.1. Laser Ablation	384	(2)
11.5.2. Surgical Excision	386	(1)
11.5.3. Sclerotherapy	387	(2)
References	389	(2)
Index	391