The Hidden Origins of Islam

by OHLIG, KARL-HEINZPUIN, GERD-R.

• ISBN13: 9781591026341
• ISBN10: 1591026342
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-07-30
• Publisher: Prometheus Books

Summary

The standard histories of Muhammad and the early development of Islam are based on Islamic literature that dates to the ninth and tenth centuries -- some two centuries or more after the death of Muhammad in 632. Islamic literary sources do not exist for the seventh and eighth centuries, when, according to tradition, Muhammad and his immediate followers lived. All that is preserved from this time period are a few commemorative building inscriptions and assorted coins. Based on the premise that reliable history can only be written on the basis of sources that are contemporary with the events described, the contributors to this in-depth investigation present research that reveals the obscure origins of Islam in a completely new light. As the authors meticulously show, the name "Muhammad" first appears on coins in Syria bearing Christian iconography. In this context the name is used as an honorific meaning "revered" or "praiseworthy" and can only refer to Jesus Christ, as Christianity was the predominant religion of the area at this time. This same reference exists in the building inscription of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, built by the caliph 'Abd al-Malik. The implication of these and other findings here presented is that the early Arab rulers adhered to a sect of Christianity. Indeed, evidence from the Koran, finalised at a much later time, shows that its central theological tenets were influenced by a pre-Nicean, Syrian Christianity. Linguistic analysis also indicates that Aramaic, the common language throughout the Near East for many centuries and the language of Syrian Christianity, significantly influenced the Arabic script and vocabulary used in the Koran. Finally, it was not until the end of the eighth and ninth centuries that Islam formed as a separate religion, and the Koran underwent a period of historical development of at least 200 years.

Author Biography

Karl-Heinz Ohlig is professor emeritus of Religious Studies and the History of Christianity at the University of the Saarland, Germany, chairman of the Inrah Institute for Research into the Early History of Islam and the Qur'an, and the author of many books, including Weltreligion Islam: Eine Einfuunl;hrung (Islam as World Religion: An Introduction). Gerd-R. Puin, a retired research associate at the University of the Saarland, is an expert on the historical orthography of the Qur'an.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. 7
Islam's "Hidden" Origins
The Early History of Islam
The Early History of Islam, Following Inscriptional and Numismatic Testimony	p. 17
A New Interpretation of the Arabic Inscription in Jerusalem's Dome of the Rock	p. 125
On the Origin of the Informants of the Prophet	p. 153
'Abd al-Malik b. Marw?n and the Process of the Qur'?n's Composition	p. 189
New Aspects for the Emergence and Characteristic of Islam
A Personal Look at Some Aspects of the History of Koranic Criticism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries	p. 225
Pre-Islamic Arabic-Koranic Arabic-Classical Arabic: A Continuum?	p. 263
From Syriac to Pahlavi: The Contribution of the Sassanian Iraq to the Beginning of the Arabic Writing	p. 283
Early Evidences of Variant Readings in Qur'?nic Manuscripts	p. 311
Leuke Kome = Laykah, the Arsians = 'A&sbdot;&hbdot;?b 'al-Rass, and Other Pre-Islamic Names in the Qur'?n: A Way Out of the "Tanglewood"?	p. 335
Syrian and Arabian Christianity and the Qur'?n	p. 361
Contributors	p. 403
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