High-Yield™ Biostatistics

by Glaser, Anthony N.

• ISBN13: 9780781722421
• ISBN10: 078172242X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-04
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Part of the successful High-Yield Series, High-Yield Biostatistics, Second Editionexplains concepts, provides examples, and covers the complete range of biostatistics material that can be expected to appear on the USMLE Step 1. New to this edition are references to evidence-based medicine, and information updated to reflect changes in the current USMLE examinations.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Descriptive Statistics	1	(20)
Populations, samples, and elements	1	(2)
Probability	3	(1)
Types of data	4	(1)
Frequency distributions	5	(6)
Measures of central tendency	11	(1)
Measures of variability	12	(3)
Z scores	15	(2)
Exercises	17	(4)
Inferential Statistics	21	(12)
Statistics and parameters	21	(4)
Estimating the mean of a population	25	(6)
Exercises	31	(2)
Hypothesis Testing	33	(17)
State the null and alternative hypotheses	33	(1)
Select the decision criterion α	34	(1)
Establish the critical values	34	(1)
Draw a random sample from the population and calculate the mean of that sample	35	(1)
Calculate the standard deviation (S) and estimated standard error of the sample (Sx)	35	(1)
Calculate the value of t that corresponds to the mean of the sample (tcalc)	36	(1)
Compare the calculated value of t with the critical value of t, and then accept or reject the null hypothesis	36	(1)
Z-Tests	36	(1)
The meaning of statistical significance	37	(1)
Type I and type II errors	37	(1)
Power of statistical tests	38	(2)
Directional hypotheses	40	(1)
Testing for differences between groups	41	(1)
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)	42	(3)
Nonparametric and distribution-free tests	45	(2)
Exercises	47	(3)
Correlational Techniques	50	(8)
Correlation	50	(2)
Regression	52	(1)
Choosing an appropriate inferential or correlational technique	53	(2)
Exercises	55	(3)
Research Methods	58	(10)
Experimental studies	58	(3)
Nonexperimental studies	61	(4)
Exercises	65	(3)
Statistics in Epidemiology	68	(10)
Rates	68	(3)
Measurement of risk	71	(4)
Exercises	75	(3)
Statistics in Medical Decision Making	78	(11)
Validity	78	(1)
Reliability	79	(1)
Reference values	79	(1)
Sensitivity and specificity	80	(3)
Predictive values	83	(3)
Exercises	86	(3)
Ultra-High-Yield Review	89	(3)
Appendix 1	92	(1)
Appendix 2	93	(8)
References	101