High-Yield™ Biostatistics

by Glaser, Anthony N.

• ISBN13: 9780781796446
• ISBN10: 078179644X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-12-22
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

High-Yield(TM) Biostatistics, Third Edition provides a concise review of the biostatistics concepts that are tested in the USMLE Step 1. Information is presented in an easy-to-follow format, with High-Yield Points that help students focus on the most important USMLE Step 1 facts. Each chapter includes review questions, and an appendix provides answers with explanations. This updated edition includes additional information on epidemiology/public health. The improved, more readable format features briefer, bulleted paragraphs, more High-Yield Points, and boldfaced terms.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Descriptive Statistics	1	(19)
Populations, samples, and elements	1	(2)
Probability	3	(1)
Types of data	4	(1)
Frequency distributions	5	(5)
Measures of central tendency	10	(2)
Measures of variability	12	(2)
Z scores	14	(3)
Exercises	17	(3)
Inferential Statistics	20	(12)
Statistics and parameters	20	(4)
Estimating the mean of a population	24	(5)
Exercises	29	(3)
Hypothesis Testing	32	(17)
Step 1: State the null and alternative hypotheses	32	(1)
Step 2: Select the decision criterion a	33	(1)
Step 3: Establish the critical values	33	(1)
Step 4: Draw a random sample from the population and calculate the mean of that sample	34	(1)
Step 5: Calculate the standard deviation (S) and estimated standard error of the sample (sx)	35	(1)
Step 6: Calculate the value of t that corresponds to the mean of the sample (tcalc)	35	(1)
Step 7: Compare the calculated value of t with the critical values of t, and then accept or reject the null hypothesis	35	(1)
Z-tests	36	(1)
The meaning of statistical significance	36	(1)
Type I and type II errors	36	(2)
Power of statistical tests	38	(1)
Directional hypotheses	39	(2)
Testing for differences between groups	41	(1)
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)	42	(3)
Nonparametric and distribution-free tests	45	(1)
Exercises	46	(3)
Correlational Techniques	49	(8)
Correlation	49	(2)
Regression	51	(1)
Choosing an appropriate inferential or correlational technique	52	(2)
Exercises	54	(3)
Research Methods	57	(10)
Experimental studies	57	(4)
Nonexperimental studies	61	(3)
Exercises	64	(3)
Statistics in Epidemiology	67	(10)
Rates	67	(3)
Measurement of risk	70	(4)
Exercises	74	(3)
Statistics in Medical Decision Making	77	(11)
Validity	77	(1)
Reliability	78	(1)
Reference values	78	(1)
Sensitivity and specificity	79	(3)
Predictive values	82	(3)
Exercises	85	(3)
Ultra-High-Yield Review	88	(3)
Appendix: Exercise Answers	91	(8)
References	99	(2)
Index	101