Histology: A Text and Atlas With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology

by Ross, Michael H.; Pawlina, Wojciech

• ISBN13: 9780781767903
• ISBN10: 0781767903
• Edition: CD
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-06-22
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Now it its Fifth Edition, this best-selling text and atlas is the perfect text for medical, health professions, and undergraduate biology students. It combines a detailed textbook that emphasizes clinical and functional correlates of histology with a beautifully illustrated atlas featuring full-color digital micrographs of the highest quality. This edition includes over 100 new illustrations, more Clinical Correlation boxes on the histology of common medical conditions, and new information on the molecular biology of endothelial cell function. Terminology throughout the text is consistent with Terminologia Anatomica. A powerful interactive histology atlas CD-ROM for students is included with the book and features all of the plates found in the text with interactive functionality.

Table of Contents

Methods	1	(22)
Overview Of Methods Used In Histology	1	(1)
Tissue Preparation	2	(1)
Histochemistry And Cytochemistry	3	(9)
Microscopy	12	(11)
Box 1.1. Clinical Correlation: Frozen Sections	4	(3)
Box 1.2. Functional Considerations: Feulgen Microspectrophotometry	7	(2)
Box 1.3. Clinical Correlation: Monoclonal Antibodies in Medicine	9	(5)
Box 1.4. Proper Use of the Light Microscope	14	(6)
Box 1.5. Functional Considerations: Development of Electron Microscopy	20	(3)
The Cell Cytoplasm	23	(48)
Over View of the Cell and Cytoplasm	23	(2)
Membranous Orcanelles	25	(30)
Nonmembranous Organelles	55	(13)
Inclusions	68	(1)
Cytoplasmic Matrix	69	(2)
Box 2.1. Clinical Correlation: Lysosomal Storage Diseases	44	(19)
Box 2.2. Clinical Correlation: Abnormalities in Microtubules and Filaments	63	(8)
The Cell Nucleus	71	(21)
Overview of the Nucleus	71	(1)
Nuclear Components	72	(8)
Cell Renewal	80	(1)
Cell Cycle	80	(8)
Cell Death	88	(4)
Box 3.1. Clinical Correlation: Cytogenetic Testing	76	(7)
Box 3.2. Clinical Correlation: Regulation of Cell Cycle and Cancer Treatment	83	(9)
Tissues: Concept and Classification	92	(6)
Overview of Tissues	92	(1)
Epithelium	92	(1)
Connective Tissue	93	(1)
Muscle Tissue	93	(1)
Nerve Tissue	94	(2)
Identifying Tissues	96	(2)
Box 4.1. Clinical Correlation: Ovarian Teratomas	96	(2)
Epithelial Tissue	98	(48)
Overview of Epithelial Structure And Function	98	(1)
Classification of Epithelium	99	(1)
Cell Polarity	100	(2)
The Apical Domain and Its Modifications	102	(6)
The Lateral Domain and Its Specializations in Cell-to-Cell Adhesion	108	(13)
The Basal Domain and Its Specializations in Cell-to-Extracellular Matrix Adhesion	121	(11)
Glands	132	(3)
Histogenesis of Epithelium	135	(2)
Epithelial Cell Renewal	137	(9)
Box 5.1. Clinical Correlation: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia	107	(5)
Box 5.2. Clinical Correlation: Junctional Complexes as a Target of Pathogenic Agents	112	(11)
Box 5.3. Functional Considerations: Basement Membrane and Basal Lamina Terminology	123	(15)
Box 5.4. Functional Considerations: Mucous and Serous Membranes	138	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 1. Simple Squamous and Cuboldal Epithella	140	(2)
Plate 2. Simple and Stratified Epithella	142	(2)
Plate 3. Stratified Epithella and Epithelloid Tissues	144	(2)
Connective Tissue	146	(36)
General Structure and Function of Connective Tissue	146	(1)
Embryonic Connective Tissue	147	(1)
Connective Tissue Proper	148	(1)
Connective Tissue Fibers	149	(12)
Extracellular Matrix	161	(5)
Connective Tissue Cells	166	(16)
Box 6.1. Clinical Correlation: Collagenopathies	158	(3)
Box 6.2. Clinical Correlation: Fibrillin Microfilaments and Sun Exposure	161	(9)
Box 6.3. Functional Considerations: The Mononuclear Phagocytotic System	170	(6)
Atlas Plates
Plate 4. Loose and Dense Connective Tissue	176	(2)
Plate 5. Dense Regular Connective Tissue, Tendons, and Ligaments	178	(2)
Plate 6. Elastic Fibers and Elastic Lamellae	180	(2)
Cartilage	182	(20)
Overview of Cartilage	182	(1)
Hyaline Cartilage	182	(8)
Elastic Cartilage	190	(1)
Fibrocartilage	190	(1)
Chondrogenesis and Cartilage Growth	191	(1)
Repair of Hyaline Cartilage	192	(10)
Box 7.1. Clinical Correlation: Osteoarthritis	189	(5)
Atlas Plates
Plate 7. Hyaline Cartilage	194	(2)
Plate 8. Cartilage and the Developing Skeleton	196	(2)
Plate 9. Elastic Cartilage	198	(2)
Plate 10. Fibrocartilage	200	(2)
Bone	202	(36)
Overview of Bone	202	(1)
Bones and Bone Tissue	203	(2)
General Structure of Bones	205	(3)
Cells of Bone Tissue	208	(9)
Bone Formation	217	(7)
Biologic Mineralization and Matrix Vesicles	224	(1)
Physiologic Aspects of Bone	225	(13)
Box 8.1. Clinical Correlation: Joint Diseases	205	(12)
Box 8.2. Clinical Correlation: Nutritional Factors in Bone Formation	217	(9)
Box 8.3. Functional Considerations: Hormonal Regulation of Bone Growth	226	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 11. Bone, Ground Section	228	(2)
Plate 12. Spongy and Compact Bone	230	(2)
Plate 13. Endochondral Bone Formation I	232	(2)
Plate 14. Endochondral Bone Formation II	234	(2)
Plate 15. Intramembranous Bone Formation	236	(2)
Adipose Tissue	238	(9)
Overview of Adipose Tissue	238	(1)
White Adipose Tissue	238	(6)
Brown Adipose Tissue	244	(3)
Box 9.1. Clinical Correlation: Obesity	243	(2)
Box 9.2. Clinical Correlation: Adipose Tissue Tumors	245	(2)
Blood	247	(33)
Overview of Blood	247	(1)
Plasma	248	(2)
Erythrocytes	250	(3)
Leukocytes	253	(9)
Thrombocytes	262	(2)
Formation of Blood Cells (Hemopoiesis)	264	(9)
Bone Marrow	273	(7)
Box 10.1. Clinical Correlation: ABO and Rh Blood Group Systems	252	(2)
Box 10.2. Clinical Correlation: Hemoglobin Disorders	254	(16)
Box 10.3. Clinical Correlation: Hemoglobin Breakdown and Jaundice	270	(4)
Box 10.4. Clinical Correlation: Cellularity of the Bone Marrow	274	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 16. Erythrocytes and Agranulocytes	276	(2)
Plate 17. Granulocytes	278	(2)
Muscle Tissue	280	(38)
Overview and Classification of Muscle	280	(1)
Skeletal Muscle	281	(15)
Cardiac Muscle	296	(4)
Smooth Muscle	300	(18)
Box 11.1. Functional Considerations: Muscle Metabolism and Ischemia	285	(5)
Box 11.2. Clinical Correlation: Muscular Dystrophy---Dystrophin and Dystrophin-Associated Proteins	290	(1)
Box 11.3. Functional Considerations: The Sliding Filament Model	291	(3)
Box 11.4. Clinical Correlation: Myasthenia Gravis	294	(12)
Box 11.5. Functional Considerations: Comparison of the Three Muscle Types	306	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 18. Skeletal Muscle	308	(2)
Plate 19. Musculotendinous Junction and Neuromuscular Junction	310	(2)
Plate 20. Cardiac Muscle	312	(2)
Plate 21. Cardiac Muscle, Purkinje Fibers	314	(2)
Plate 22. Smooth Muscle	316	(2)
Nerve Tissue	318	(46)
Overview of The Nervous System	319	(1)
Composition of Nerve Tissue	319	(1)
The Neuron	320	(9)
Supporting Cells of The Nervous System	329	(11)
Origin of Nerve Tissue Cells	340	(1)
Organization of The Peripheral Nervous System	341	(7)
Organization of The Central Nervous System	348	(3)
Response of Neurons to Injury	351	(13)
Box 12.1. Clinical Correlation: Parkinson's Disease	324	(12)
Box 12.2. Clinical Correlation: Demyelinating Diseases	336	(18)
Atlas Plates
Plate 23. Sympathetic and Dorsal Root Ganglia	354	(2)
Plate 24. Peripheral Nerve	356	(2)
Plate 25. Cerebrum	358	(2)
Plate 26. Cerebellum	360	(2)
Plate 27. Spinal Cord	362	(2)
Cardiovascular System	364	(32)
Overview of The Cardiovascular System	364	(1)
Heart	365	(5)
General Features of Arteries and Veins	370	(2)
Arteries	372	(7)
Capillaries	379	(3)
Arteriovenous Shunts	382	(1)
Veins	383	(2)
Lymphatic Vessels	385	(11)
Box 13.1. Clinical Correlation: Hypertension	372	(7)
Box 13.2. Clinical Correlation: Atherosclerosis	379	(7)
Box 13.3. Clinical Correlation: Ischemic Heart Disease	386	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 28. Heart	388	(2)
Plate 29. Aorta	390	(2)
Plate 30. Muscular Arteries and Veins	392	(2)
Plate 31. Arterioles and Lymphatic Vessels	394	(2)
Lymphatic System	396	(46)
Overview of The Lymphatic System	396	(1)
Cells of The Lymphatic System	397	(13)
Lymphatic Tissues and Organs	410	(32)
Box 14.1. Functional Considerations: Origin of the Names T Lymphocyte and B Lymphocyte	401	(1)
Box 14.2. Clinical Correlation: Hypersensitivity Reactions	402	(6)
Box 14.3. Clinical Correlation: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	408	(22)
Atlas Plates
Plate 32. Tonsil	430	(2)
Plate 33. Lymph Node I	432	(2)
Plate 34. Lymph Node II	434	(2)
Plate 35. Spleen I	436	(2)
Plate 36. Spleen II	438	(2)
Plate 37. Thymus	440	(2)
Integumentary System	442	(34)
Overview of The Integumentary System	442	(1)
Layers of The Skin	443	(3)
Cells of The Epidermis	446	(6)
Structures of Skin	452	(24)
Box 15.1. Functional Considerations: Skin Color	451	(5)
Box 15.2. Functional Considerations: Hair Growth and Hair Characteristics	456	(1)
Box 15.3. Functional Characteristics: The Role of Sebum	457	(4)
Box 15.4. Clinical Correlation: Sweating and Disease	461	(2)
Box 15.5. Clinical Correlation: Skin Repair	463	(1)
Atlas Plates
Plate 38. Skin I	464	(2)
Plate 39. Skin II	466	(2)
Plate 40. Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands	468	(2)
Plate 41. Sweat and Sebaceous Glands	470	(2)
Plate 42. Integument and Sensory Organs	472	(2)
Plate 43. Hair Follicle and Nail	474	(2)
Digestive System I: Oral Cavity and Associated Structures	476	(42)
Overview of The Digestive System	476	(1)
Oral Cavity	477	(1)
Tongue	478	(5)
Teeth and Supporting Tissues	483	(12)
Salivary Glands	495	(23)
Box 16.1. Clinical Correlation: The Genetic Basis of Taste	482	(1)
Box 16.2. Clinical Correlation: Classification of Permanent (Secondary) and Deciduous (Primary) Dentition	483	(13)
Box 16.3. Clinical Correlation: Dental Caries	496	(8)
Box 16.4. Clinical Correlation: Salivary Glands Tumors	504	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 44. Lip, a Mucocutaneous Junction	506	(2)
Plate 45. Tongue I	508	(2)
Plate 46. Tongue II	510	(2)
Plate 47. Submandibular Gland	512	(2)
Plate 48. Parotid Gland	514	(2)
Plate 49. Sublingual Gland	516	(2)
Digestive System II: Esophagus and Gastrointestinal Tract	518	(58)
Overview of The Esophagus and Gastrointestinal Tract	519	(3)
Esophagus	522	(2)
Stomach	524	(11)
Small Intestine	535	(10)
Large Intestine	545	(31)
Box 17.1. Clinical Correlation: Pernicious Anemia and Peptic Ulcer Disease	528	(6)
Box 17.2. Functional Considerations: Enteroendocrine Celis, APUD Cells, and Gastrointestinal Hormones	534	(1)
Box 17.3. Clinical Correlation: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome	534	(12)
Box 17.4. Functional Considerations: Digestive and Absorptive Functions of Enterocytes	546	(7)
Box 17.5. Functional Considerations: Immune Functions of the Alimentary Canal	553	(1)
Atlas Plates
Plate 50. Esophagus	554	(2)
Plate 51. Esophagus and Stomach, Cardiac Region	556	(2)
Plate 52. Stomach I	558	(2)
Plate 53. Stomach II	560	(2)
Plate 54. Gastroduodenal Junction	562	(2)
Plate 55. Duodenum	564	(2)
Plate 56. Jejunum	566	(2)
Plate 57. Ileum	568	(2)
Plate 58. Colon	570	(2)
Plate 59. Appendix	572	(2)
Plate 60. Anorectal Junction	574	(2)
Digestive System III: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas	576	(36)
Liver	576	(15)
Gallbladder	591	(3)
Pancreas	594	(18)
Box 18.1. Clinical Correlation: Congestive Heart Failure and Liver Necrosis	583	(6)
Box 18.2. Clinical Correlation: Lipoproteins	589	(13)
Box 18.3. Functional Considerations: Insulin Synthesis, an Example of Posttranslational Processing	602	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 61. Liver I	604	(2)
Plate 62. Liver II	606	(2)
Plate 63. Gallbladder	608	(2)
Plate 64. Pancreas	610	(2)
Respiratory System	612	(34)
Overview of The Respiratory System	612	(1)
Nasal Cavities	613	(4)
Pharynx	617	(1)
Larynx	617	(1)
Trachea	617	(6)
Bronchi	623	(1)
Bronchioles	623	(2)
Alveoli	625	(5)
Blood Supply	630	(4)
Lymphatic Vessels	634	(1)
Nerves	634	(12)
Box 19.1. Clinical Correlation: Metaplasia	619	(7)
Box 19.2. Clinical Correlation: Cystic Fibrosis	626	(6)
Box 19.3. Clinical Correlation: Emphysema and Pneumonia	632	(4)
Atlas Plates
Plate 65. Olfactory Mucosa	636	(2)
Plate 66. Larynx	638	(2)
Plate 67. Trachea	640	(2)
Plate 68. Bronchiole and End Respiratory Passages	642	(2)
Plate 69. Wall of Terminal Bronchiole, Respiratory Bronchiole, and Alveolus	644	(2)
Urinary System	646	(40)
Overview of The Urinary System	647	(1)
General Structure of The Kidney	647	(13)
Kidney Tubule Function	660	(5)
Interstitial Cells	665	(1)
Histophysiology of The Kidney	666	(1)
Blood Supply	667	(1)
Lymphatic Vessels	667	(1)
Nerve Supply	668	(1)
Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra	669	(5)
Box 20.1. Functional Considerations: Vitamin D	647	(11)
Box 20.2. Clinical Correlation: Urinalysis	658	(1)
Box 20.3. Clinical Correlation: Renin-Angiotensin---Aldosterone System and Hypertension	659	(3)
Box 20.4. Functional Considerations: Structure and Function of Aquaporin Water Channels	662	(4)
Box 20.5. Functional Considerations: Hormonal Regulation of Collecting Duct Function	666	(8)
Atlas Plates
Plate 70. Kidney I	674	(2)
Plate 71. Kidney II	676	(2)
Plate 72. Kidney III	678	(2)
Plate 73. Kidney IV	680	(2)
Plate 74. Ureter	682	(2)
Plate 75. Urinary Bladder	684	(2)
Endocrine Organs	686	(42)
Overview of The Endocrine System	686	(3)
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)	689	(8)
Hypothalamus	697	(1)
Pineal Gland	698	(2)
Thyroid Gland	700	(5)
Parathyroid Glands	705	(1)
Adrenal Glands	706	(22)
Box 21.1. Functional Considerations: Regulation of Pituitary Gland Secretion	695	(2)
Box 21.2. Clinical Correlation: Diabetes Insipidus and ADH	697	(6)
Box 21.3. Functional Considerations: Feedback Control of Thyroid Hormone Synthesis	703	(1)
Box 21.4. Clinical Correlation: Abnormal Thyroid Function	704	(6)
Box 21.5. Functional Considerations: Chromaffin Cells	710	(3)
Box 21.6. Functional Considerations: Biosynthesis of Adrenal Hormones	713	(3)
Atlas Plates
Plate 76. Pituitary I	716	(2)
Plate 77. Pituitary II	718	(2)
Plate 78. Pineal Gland	720	(2)
Plate 79. Parathyroid and Thyroid Glands	722	(2)
Plate 80. Adrenal Gland I	724	(2)
Plate 81. Adrenal Gland II	726	(2)
Male Reproductive System	728	(44)
Overview of The Male Reproductive System	728	(1)
Testis	729	(5)
Spermatogenesis	734	(8)
Seminiferous Tubules	742	(4)
Intratesticular Ducts	746	(1)
Excurrent Duct System	746	(5)
Accessory Sex Glands	751	(6)
Semen	757	(1)
Penis	757	(15)
Box 22.1. Functional Considerations: Hormonal Regulation of Spermatogenesis	736	(6)
Box 22.2. Clinical Correlation: Factors Affecting Spermatogenesis	742	(3)
Box 22.3. Clinical Correlation: Sperm-Specific Antigens and the Immune Response	745	(10)
Box 22.4. Clinical Correlation: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and Cancer of the Prostate	755	(3)
Box 22.5. Clinical Correlation: Mechanism of Erection and Erectile Dysfunction	758	(2)
Atlas Plates
Plate 82. Testis I	760	(2)
Plate 83. Testis II	762	(2)
Plate 84. Ductuli Efferentes and Epididymis	764	(2)
Plate 85. Spermatic Cord and Ductus Deferens	766	(2)
Plate 86. Prostate Gland	768	(2)
Plate 87. Seminal Vesicle	770	(2)
Female Reproductive System	772	(62)
Overview of The Female Reproductive System	773	(1)
Ovary	773	(15)
Uterine Tubes	788	(2)
Uterus	790	(6)
Placenta	796	(5)
Vagina	801	(2)
External Genitalia	803	(1)
Mammary Glands	804	(30)
Box 23.1. Clinical Correlation: Polycystic Ovarian Disease	781	(4)
Box 23.2. Clinical Correlation: In Vitro Fertilization	785	(2)
Box 23.3. Functional Considerations: Summary of Hormonal Regulation of the Ovarian Cycle	787	(14)
Box 23.4. Clinical Correlation: Fate of Mature Placenta at Birth	801	(2)
Box 23.5. Clinical Correlation: Cytologic Pap Smears	803	(6)
Box 23.6. Functional Considerations: Lactation and Infertility	809	(1)
Atlas Plates
Plate 88. Ovary I	810	(2)
Plate 89. Ovary II	812	(2)
Plate 90. Corpus Luteum	814	(2)
Plate 91. Oviduct---Uterine Tube	816	(2)
Plate 92. Uterus I	818	(2)
Plate 93. Uterus II	820	(2)
Plate 94. Cervix	822	(2)
Plate 95. Placenta I	824	(2)
Plate 96. Placenta II	826	(2)
Plate 97. Vagina	828	(2)
Plate 98. Mammary Gland	830	(2)
Plate 99. Mammary Gland, Late Proliferative and Lactating	832	(2)
Eye	834	(32)
Overview of the Eye	834	(1)
General Structure of the Eye	834	(4)
Microscopic Structure of the Eye	838	(28)
Box 24.1. Clinical Correlation: Glaucoma	845	(2)
Box 24.2. Clinical Correlation: Retinal Detachment	847	(5)
Box 24.3. Clinical Correlation: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)	852	(6)
Atlas Plates
Plate 100. Eye I	858	(2)
Plate 101. Eye II: Retina	860	(2)
Plate 102. Eye III: Anterior Segment	862	(2)
Plate 103. Eye IV: Sclera, Cornea, and Lens	864	(2)
Ear	866	(22)
Overview of the Ear	866	(1)
External Ear	866	(1)
Middle Ear	867	(3)
Internal Ear	870	(18)
Box 25.1. Clinical Correlation: Vertigo	877	(4)
Box 25.2. Clinical Correlation: Hearing Loss---Vestibular Dysfunction	881	(3)
Atlas Plates
Plate 104. Ear	884	(2)
Plate 105. Organ of Corti	886	(2)
Index	888