An Historical Introduction to Modern Psychology

by Murphy, Gardner

• ISBN13: 9780415210348
• ISBN10: 0415210348
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-07-31
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Routledge is now re-issuing this prestigious series of 204 volumes originally published between 1910 and 1965. The titles include works by key figures such asC.G. Jung, Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, Otto Rank, James Hillman, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Susan Isaacs. Each volume is available on its own, as part of a themed mini-set, or as part of a specially-priced 204-volume set. A brochure listing each title in the International Library of Psychology series is available upon request.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
PART I THE PRE-EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD
The Intellectual Background of Seventeenth-Century Psychology	1	(7)
Some Trends in Social and Intellectual History from the Thirteenth to the Seventeenth Century
Physical Science from Copernicus to Newton
Revival of Medicine and the Biological Sciences
The Psychology of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries	8	(38)
Entrance of Mechanical and Biological Concepts into Psychology. Descartes. Reflex Action; the Nervous System and Behaviour
Hobbes and English Empiricism. Man's Social Nature. Theory of Motivation; of Association
Locke and Sensationism; Berkeley and Hume
Hartley and the Associationist School; Structural Elements and Physiological Assumptions
The Protest of the Scottish School
Sensationism in France: Condillac
Psychopathology and Physiological Psychology: Pinel; Bichat; Cabanis
The Commercial and Industrial Revolutions. The Humanitarian Movement. The Utilitarians and their Alliance with Associationism
Kant and Transcendentalism
The Psychology of the Early Nineteenth Century	46	(20)
The Mathematical Associationism of Herbart; Apperception and its Educational Implications
Phrenology
Reaction against Structuralism in France; Interaction between Scottish and French Schools; Biran's Voluntarism
Thomas Brown. Scottish and English Influences. Secondary Laws of Association
Some Intellectual Antecedents of Experimental Psychology	66	(13)
Mathematics and Physical Science in France; Dissemination into Germany
The Biological Sciences: Cuvier
Optics and Acoustics
Bell's Neurological Discoveries
The German University System. Physiology: Haller
The Romantic Movement and the Philosophy of Nature
The Position of Biology in Post-Napoleonic Germany
PART II FROM WEBER'S EXPERIMENTS TO THE AGE OF WUNDT
The Beginnings of Experimental Psychology	79	(24)
Weber. Studies in the Psychology of the Senses. His Law regarding Just Noticeable Differences
Fechner. Conception of Mind and Body. Psychophysical Experiments: Methods and Range of Investigation. Experimental AEsthetics
Johannes Muller. Optics. Reflex Action. Specific Energies. Influence as a Teacher
Beneke and ``Empirical Psychology''
British Psychology in the Mid-Nineteenth Century	103	(13)
Hamilton: Redintegration
James Mill: the Logical Climax of Associationism. J.S. Mill:``Mental Chemistry''; Utilitarianism
Bain. Scottish, English and German Influences. Physiological Approach. Universality of his Psychological Interests. Founding of Mind
Spencer. Mind as an Adaptive Mechanism. ``Double-Aspect'' Theory
The Decline of Associationism
The Theory of Evolution	116	(18)
Social Background of Evolutionary Thought
Inorganic Evolution
Organic Evolution before Darwin
Darwin. Influence of Malthus. Formulation of Theory and Accumulation of Data. Origin of Species
Transformation of Biology and Psychology
Galton. Hereditary Genius. Nature versus Nurture. Studies of Twins. Imagery. Association-test. Statistical Method
Evolutionism in the Social Sciences
Folk Psychology
Psychiatry From Pinel and Mesmer to Charcot	134	(12)
Study and Classification of Psychoses. Neuropathology. Care of Psychotics
Education of the Feeble-minded: Itard, Seguin. Spread of Institutions
Mesmer and Animal Magnetism. The Hypnotic Sleep. Struggle of Mesmerism for Recognition. Braid and ``Hypnotism.'' Theory of Suggestion: the Nancy School. Charcot's Clinical Studies
German Physiological Psychology Before Wundt	146	(14)
Helmholtz. Study of Nerve Conduction and Reaction-time. Donders's work. Helmholtz's Physiological Optics. Colour Theory. Theory of Audition. Tone-Quality. Harmony and Discord
Hering. Temperature Sense; Optics; Colour Theory
Lotze. Medical Psychology. Local Signs
Psychology in the Age of Wundt	160	(29)
Wundt's Physiological Psychology. Leipzig and the First Psychological Laboratory. Conception of Experimental Psychology
Wundt's System of Psychology. The Elements. Emotion and Will; Voluntarism. Apperception
Wundt's Experimental Contributions. Folk Psychology
Cattell. Reaction-time. Perception and Reading; Span of attention. Association tests. Individual Differences
Stumpf.--Lipps
Spread of Experimental Psychology
Summary of the Status of Psychology in the Decade of the 'Eighties
PART III CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY
Early Studies of Memory	189	(18)
Ebbinghaus. Quantitative Methods. Nonsense Syllables and Meaningful Material. Over-learning and the Saving Method. Spaced Repetition
G.E. Muller: Improvements in Procedure
Whole and Part Learning. Active Recitation. Paired Associates. Other Methods
Neurological Contributions to the Theory of Learning. Cortical Localization from Broca to Sherrington. Development of Neurophysiology. The Neurone Theory and its Significance for Psychology; Theory of the Synapse and the Neural Pathway
William James	207	(17)
James's Fusion of English, Scottish, German, and French Psychology. Empiricism. The ``Psychologist's Fallacy.'' The ``Stream of Thought.'' The Will. Theory of the Emotions. Experiments on Memory. Evolutionary Viewpoint : Instincts; Adaptive Nature of Mind. Pragmatism and Neo-Realism. His Pupils and his Influence
Structural and Functional Types of Psychology	224	(11)
Titchener and his School: the Study of Feelings; of Attention and Imagery
Hoffding's System
Stout
Munsterberg's Action Theory
Washburn
Kulpe
American Functional Psychology
The Thought Processes	235	(10)
The Wurzburg School. Introspective Study of Judgment and of More Complex Thought Processes
Binet
Woodworth's ``Imageless Thought.''
Titchener's Critique and its Influence
Further Evidence for Non-Sensory Elements
Denksychologie. The Gestalt Movement
Experiments on the Acquisition of Skill	245	(18)
Bryan and Harter: Curves of Learning; Plateaus and the Physiological Limit; Higher Units
Swift's Experiments
Over-learning: Book
Animal-Learning. Earlier Observational Work. Thorndike's ``Animal Intelligence.'' The ``Stimulus-Response'' Psychology, and the Laws of Learning
Comparison of Animal with Human Learning. Ruger's Experiments. Sudden Drops in the Learning Curve. The Trial and Error Statement of Reasoning
Behaviourism	263	(16)
Pavlov and the ``Conditioned-Reflex'' Method. ``Reflexology.''
Watson and the Behaviourist Movement. His Programme. Objective Statement of Inherited Nature and Forms of Modification
Theory of Language and Thought. Verbal and Non-Verbal Thinking
Shift of Emphasis from Nervous System to Musculature
Child Psychology	279	(10)
Early Studies of Infancy: Preyer
Hall's Influence. Child Study and Experimental Pedagogy
Psychological Clinics
Developmental Study of Individual Children: Shinn, Stern
Experimental Study of Infants: Watson. Instinct and Emotion; Early Conditioning
Social Psychology and the Psychology of Religion	289	(21)
Le Bon: The Crowd. Tarde's Laws of Imitation. Ross
McDougall: Social Psychology Founded upon Individual Psychology. Theory of Instinct and Emotion. Spread of the Instinct Doctrine
The Social Nature of Personality
Experimental Social Psychology
The Psychology of Religion
Anthropological Conceptions
Individual Religious Experience. Starbuck's Manuscripts. James's Varieties of Religious Experience
Leuba: Study of Mysticism, and of Religious Beliefs
Synthesis of Data from Anthropology and Individual Psychology
Psychoanalysis	310	(26)
Breuer and Freud: Hypnotic Treatment of Hystericals. Freud's Work under Charcot. Emphasis on Sex. Psychoanalytic Method. Dreams. Conflict and the Unconscious. Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Infantile Sexuality; Stages in Sexual Growth. Freud's Immediate Followers
Zurich School. Association tests. Jung's Theory of the Libido. Extraverts and Introverts. Dementia Praecox. Bleuler's ``Schizophrenia.''
Adler. Theory of Inferiority. Compensation
British and American Psychoanalysis
Evaluation of Psychoanalysis: its Significance for Psychology
Instinct	336	(11)
The Evolutionary Theory and the Concept of Instinct. Catalogues of Human Instincts. McDougall's Conception. Thorndike's ``Original Nature.'' Watson's Classification
The Anti-Instinct Movement. Difficulty of Finding Instinctive Patterns. Pattern Reactions Explained in Terms of Learning. Experimental Evidence; Difficulties of Interpretation
Application of the Concept of the Threshold; Partial Clarification of the Problem
The Maturation Problem; Evidence
Genesis of Complex Pattern Activities. Evidence still Unassimilated
The Measurement of Intelligence	347	(26)
Measurements of Ability before Binet
The Binet-Simon Scale and its Revisions. Mental Age
The Stanford Revision
Group Tests; Performance Tests
Theories of Intelligence and its Analysis into Simpler Functions. The Evidence
The Inheritance of Intelligence. The Pedigree Method and its Results. The Mendelian Theory. Inheritance of Mental Defect and Disorder. Changing Conceptions of ``Unit Characters.'' Plurality of Factors; Evidence from Distribution Curves
Study of Twins
Relation of Intelligence to Age
Comparison of Sexes in Mental Ability
Racial Differences; Biological and Cultural Interpretations
Occupational Differences; Vocational Applications
Intelligence of Criminals
Personality	373	(22)
Physiological Measurement of Emotion
Behaviour Methods
Questionnaires and Rating Scales
Relation of Physical to Mental Traits
Measurement of Ethical Knowledge and Conduct
Theories of Personality. Dissociation and the Self. The Mind-Body Relation
Contemporary Physiological Psychology	395	(11)
Recent Work on Cortical Localization; Unexpected Complexity and Difficulty of Interpretation. Status of the Doctrine of Pathways
The Automatic Nervous System
Endocrinology. Relation of Endocrines to Nervous System
Sherrington's Studies in Neuro-physiology
The Physico-Chemical Theory of Nerve Functions
The Influence of Fatigue and of Drugs
A Summary and an Interpretation	406	(11)
Changes of Emphasis: from Structural to Functional Problems; from Part-functions to the Organism as a Whole; from Qualities to Quantities; from Experimental to Genetic and Statistical Methods
The Significance of Correlations and Partial Correlations
Some Quantitative Laws in Psychology
The Fusion of Quantitative Psychology with Physiology
The Outlook for Psychology as a Science
SUPPLEMENT CONTEMPORARY GERMAN PSYCHOLOGY
Heinrich Kluver
Contemporary German Psychology as a ``Natural Science''	417	(26)
The Attempt at a ``Qualitative'' Psychology
Lamprecht's Theory
The Alliance between Psychology and Philosophy
Stern's ``Personalistic Psychology.''
Teleomechanical Parallelism
Teleology and ``Psycho-physical Neutrality'' of Person. The Secondary Role of Consciousness
Gestalt Psychology
Insistence on ``Phenomenal Analysis'' and ``Wholeness.''
Krueger's ``Developmental Psychology.''
Relation to Social Sciences
Jaensch's Research on the ``Eidetic Type.''
Contemporary German Psychology as a ``Cultural Science''	443	(14)
The Influence of the Southwest German School
Work of Wilhelm Dilthey
Spranger's ``Type'' Psychology
Jaspers's Psychology of ``Understanding''
The Influence of Husserl's Phenomenology
Max Weber's ``Ideal Type.''
Name Index	457	(7)
Subject Index	464