A History of Western Art

by Adams, Laurie Schneider

Edition:

2nd

ISBN13:

9780697287823

ISBN10:

0697287823

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/1997

Publisher(s):

McGraw-Hill College

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Summary

Appropriate for one-semester art history surveys or historically-focused art appreciation classes, "A History of Western Art," Revised Fourth Edition, features additional color which provides students with a greater understanding of the works of art. Focusing on the Western canon of art history, the text presents a compelling chronological narrative from prehistory to the present. A non-Western supplement, "World Views: Topics in Non-Western Art," addresses specific areas of non-Western art and augments the Western chronology by illustrating moments of thematic relationships and cross-cultural contact. "World Views" is available at a discount when packaged with "A History of Western Art,"

Preface

PART ONE Introduction

(23)

CHAPTER ONE Why Do We Study Art?

(10)

The Artistic Impulse

(1)

Chronology

(1)

The Value of Art

(3)

Material Value

(1)

Brancusi's "Bird": Manufactured Metal or a Work of Art?

(1)

Intrinsic Value

(1)

Religious Value

(1)

Patriotic Value

(1)

Other Symbolic Values

(1)

Art and Illusion

(1)

Traditions Equating Artists with Gods

(1)

Art and Identification

(5)

Reflections and Shadows: Legends of How Art Began

(1)

Image Magic

(1)

Architecture

(3)

CHAPTER TWO The Language of the Visual Artist

(13)

Form

(1)

Balance

(1)

Line

(2)

Expressive Qualities of Line

(2)

Lines Used for Modeling

(1)

Depth

(1)

Perspective

(1)

Shape

(1)

Expressive Qualities of Shape

(1)

Light and Color

(4)

Physical Properties of Color

(1)

Expressive Qualities of Color

(3)

Texture

(1)

Stylistic Terminology

(2)

Subject Matter, Content, and Iconography

(3)

PART TWO The Ancient World

(126)

CHAPTER THREE Prehistoric Western Europe

(10)

Stone Age

(10)

Paleolithic Era

(1)

Categories of Sculpture

(1)

Carving

(1)

Modeling

(2)

Pigment

(1)

Mesolithic Era

(1)

Neolithic Era

(1)

The Celts

(2)

Post and Lintel Construction

(2)

CHAPTER FOUR The Ancient Near East

(17)

Neolithic Era

(2)

Chronology of the Ancient Near East and Principal Sites

(1)

Mesopotamia

(10)

Uruk Period

(1)

Mesopotamian Gods

(1)

Load-Bearing Construction

(1)

Ziggurats

(1)

Cylinder Seals

(1)

From Pictures to Words

(1)

Gilgamesh

(1)

Sumer: Early Dynastic Period

(3)

Neo-Sumerian Culture

(1)

Sargon of Akkad

(1)

Akkadian Civilization

(1)

Babylonian Civilization

(1)

The Law Code of Hammurabi

(1)

Assyrian Empire

(1)

Assyrian Kings

(1)

Neo-Babylonian Civilization

(1)

Anatolia: Hittite Empire

(2)

Round Arches

(1)

Glazing

(1)

Ancient Iran

(1)

Destroying the Archeological Record

(1)

The Scythians

(1)

Persian (Achaemenid) Empire

(2)

Columns

(1)

CHAPTER FIVE Ancient Egypt

(18)

The Pharaohs

(2)

Writing and Religion

(1)

Egyptian Gods

(1)

Monumental Architecture

(6)

Pyramids

Temples

(2)

Egyptian Columns

(2)

Sculpture and Painting

(9)

The Egyptian Canon of Proportion

(1)

Egyptian Fresco

(1)

Akhenaten's Style

(1)

Royal Nomenclature and the Cartouche

(1)

Tutankhamen's Tomb

(2)

CHAPTER SIX The Aegean

(12)

Cycladic Civilization

(1)

Minoan Civilization

(7)

Minoan Fresco

(1)

The Myth of the Minotaur

(2)

Discoveries at Thera

(2)

Mycenaean Civilization

(4)

The Legend of Agamemnon

(4)

Cyclopean Masonry

(3)

CHAPTER SEVEN Ancient Greece

(33)

Cultural Identity

(1)

Plato on Artists

(1)

Government Philosophy, and Science

(1)

The Greek Gods

(1)

Literature and Drama

(1)

"Man is the Measure of All Things"

(1)

Women in Ancient Greece

(1)

Painting and Pottery

(3)

Geometric Style

(1)

Greek Vase Media

(1)

Black-Figure Painting

(1)

Encaustic: Luminous Painting

(1)

Red-Figure Painting

100

(1)

White-Ground Painting

100

(1)

Mosaic

101

(1)

Sculpture

101

(8)

Archaic Style

101

(2)

Early Classical Style

103

(1)

The Lost-Wax Process

104

(2)

Fifth-Century Classical Style

106

(1)

Classical Architecture

109

(11)

Athens: The Acropolis

109

(1)

The Parthenon

110

(1)

Plan of the Parthenon

110

(1)

The Golden Section

111

(3)

The Orders of Greek Architecture

114

(3)

Medusa

117

(1)

The Temple of Athena Nike

118

(1)

The Erechtheum

118

(2)

Late Classical Style

120

(2)

The Greek Theater

120

(1)

Greek Theater

121

(1)

Sculpture

121

(1)

Hellenistic Period

122

(5)

Socrates: "Know Thyself"

122

(1)

Hellenistic Sculpture

122

(2)

The Trojan Horse

124

(3)

CHAPTER EIGHT The Etruscans

127

(8)

Etruscan Materials

128

(1)

Greek Influence on Etruscan Art

128

(1)

Vitruvius on Architecture

128

(1)

Women in Etruscan Art

129

(1)

Funerary Art

130

(5)

Cinerary Urns

130

(1)

Pilasters

131

(1)

Tombs

132

(3)

CHAPTER NINE Ancient Rome

135

(28)

Origins of the Roman Empire

135

(1)

Greek Influence on Roman Art

135

(1)

Women in Ancient Rome

135

(1)

Virgil's "Aeneid"

136

(1)

Roman Emperors

136

(1)

Architectural Types

137

(16)

Domestic Architecture

137

(1)

Roman Building Materials

138

(1)

Arches, Domes, and Vaults

138

(2)

Public Buildings

140

(4)

Functional Architecture

144

(1)

Religious Architecture

145

(4)

Commemorative Architecture

149

(1)

Josephus and the Jewish Wars

150

(3)

Sculptural Types

153

(4)

Sarcophagi

153

(1)

Julius Caesar: Conqueror and Statesman

154

(1)

Portraits

154

(2)

Marcus Aurelius: Emperor and Philosopher

156

(1)

Mosaic and Mural Painting

157

(6)

Mosaics

157

(1)

Frescoes

158

(5)

PART THREE The Christian World

163

(64)

CHAPTER TEN Early Christian and Byzantine Art

163

(15)

A New Religion

163

(1)

Constantine and Christianity

163

(1)

The Divergence of East and West

163

(1)

Christianity and the Scriptures

164

(1)

Christian Symbolism

164

(1)

Early Christian Art

165

(3)

Sarcophagi

165

(1)

Basilicas

166

(1)

The Catacombs

166

(1)

Saint Peter

167

(1)

The Cross

167

(1)

Centrally Planned Churches

168

(1)

Justinian and the Byzantine Style

168

(8)

San Vitale

168

(2)

Mosaic Technique

170

(3)

Hagia Sophia

173

(3)

Later Byzantine Developments

176

(2)

CHAPTER ELEVEN The Early Middle Ages

178

(12)

Islamic Art

178

(5)

Mosques

178

(1)

Islam

178

(5)

Northern European Art

183

(7)

Anglo-Saxon Metalwork

183

(1)

"Beowulf"

183

(1)

Hiberno-Saxon Art

184

(3)

Manuscript Illumination

187

(1)

Carolingian Period

187

(1)

Monasticism: Chastity, Obedience, and Poverty

188

(2)

CHAPTER TWELVE Romanesque Art

190

(13)

Feudalism

190

(1)

Historical Background

190

(1)

Pilgrimage Roads

191

(2)

The Stavelot Reliquary Triptych

192

(1)

Architecture

193

(1)

Sainte-Foy at Conques

193

(1)

Sculpture

194

(4)

Manuscripts

198

(1)

Mural Painting

198

(4)

Tapestry

202

(1)

Bayeux Tapestry

202

(1)

CHAPTER THIRTEEN Gothic Art

203

(24)

Origins of the Gothic Style

203

(1)

St. Augustine and the City of God

203

(1)

Early Gothic Architecture: Saint-Denis

204

(2)

The Life of St. Denis

204

(2)

Elements of Gothic Architecture

206

(2)

Ribbed Groin Vaults

206

(1)

Piers

207

(1)

Flying Buttresses

207

(1)

Pointed Arches

207

(1)

The Skeleton

207

(1)

Stained Glass Windows

207

(1)

Stained Glass Windows

208

(1)

The Age of Cathedrals: Chartres

208

(12)

Exterior Architecture

209

(1)

Guilds

209

(2)

Exterior Sculpture

211

(5)

Antichrist: Embodiment of Evil

216

(1)

Interior

217

(3)

Later Developments of the Gothic Style

220

(7)

Reims Cathedral

220

(3)

English Gothic Cathedrals

223

(4)

PART FOUR The Renaissance

227

(104)

CHAPTER FOURTEEN Precursors of the Renaissance

227

(17)

Thirteenth-Century Italy

227

(2)

Nicola Pisano

227

(2)

Cimabue

229

(1)

Roman Revival in Padua

229

(1)

Fourteenth-Century Italy

229

(12)

Giotto di Bondone

229

(1)

Dante: Poet of Heaven and Hell

229

(2)

Tempera: Painstaking Preparation and Delicate Detail

231

(1)

Training in the Master's Workshop

232

(3)

Fresco: A Medium for Speed and Confidence

235

(2)

Cardinal Virtues and Deadly Sins

237

(1)

Ambrogio Lorenzetti and the Effects of Good Government

238

(2)

The Black Death

240

(1)

Court Patronage in Fourteenth-Century France

241

(3)

Claus Sluter

241

(1)

The Limbourg Brothers

242

(2)

CHAPTER FIFTEEN The Early Renaissance

244

(35)

Fifteenth-Century Italy

244

(3)

The Age of Humanism

244

(3)

Soldiers of Fortune

247

(1)

Architecture

247

(5)

Brunelleschi

247

(3)

Lines of Vision

250

(2)

Early Fifteenth-Century Painting

252

(5)

Brunelleschi and Scientific Perspective

252

(1)

Masaccio

252

(1)

Vasari's "Lives"

252

(3)

A Distant Haze

255

(1)

International Style: Gentile da Fabriano

256

(1)

Early Renaissance Sculpture

257

(1)

Donatello's Early Years

257

(1)

Second-Generation Developments

258

(12)

Alberti

258

(1)

Equestrian Portraits

259

(2)

State Portraits

261

(1)

Oil Painting

261

(1)

Monumental versus Spiritual in Fifteenth-Century Painting

261

(3)

Mendicant Monks

264

(1)

Castagno

264

(2)

Mantegna's Illusionism

266

(2)

Mantegna and the "Studiolo" of Isabella d'Este

268

(1)

Botticelli and Mythological Subject Matter

269

(1)

The Platonic Academy

269

(1)

Fifteenth-Century Flanders

270

(1)

Painting

270

(9)

Campin's "Annunciation"

270

(1)

Jan van Eyck

271

(4)

Van der Weyden

275

(1)

Later Developments

275

(4)

CHAPTER SIXTEEN The High Renaissance in Italy

279

(26)

Savonarola: Fifteenth-Century Fanatic

279

(1)

Architecture

279

(5)

The Ideal of the Circle

279

(1)

Centrally Planned Churches

280

(3)

St. Peter's and the Central Plan

283

(1)

Painting and Sculpture

284

(14)

Leonardo da Vinci

284

(3)

Sfumato

287

(1)

Michelangelo

288

(6)

Raphael

294

(4)

Developments in Venice

298

(7)

Gentile Bellini

298

(1)

Giovanni Bellini and the "Sacra Conversazione"

299

(1)

Giorgione

300

(1)

Painting versus Sculpture

301

(2)

Titian

303

(2)

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Mannerism and the Later Sixteenth Century in Italy

305

(11)

The Reformation

305

(1)

Mannerist Painting

306

(3)

Parmigianino

306

(3)

Bronzino

309

(1)

Mannerist Sculpture

309

(2)

Cellini

309

(2)

Counter-Reformation Painting

311

(1)

Tintoretto

311

(1)

The Painter's Daughter

311

(1)

The Counter-Reformation

311

(1)

El Greco

312

(1)

Architecture

312

(4)

Palladio

312

(3)

Palladio and Pythagorean Harmony

315

(1)

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Sixteenth-Century Painting in Northern Europe

316

(15)

The Netherlands

316

(7)

Bosch

316

(5)

Pieter Brueghel the Elder

321

(2)

Germany

323

(8)

Durer

323

(2)

The Development of Printmaking

325

(1)

Erasmus: Tolerance and Reform

325

(1)

Cranach

326

(1)

Grunewald

326

(2)

Hans Holbein the Younger

328

(3)

PART FIVE Early Modern through the Nineteenth Century

331

(120)

CHAPTER NINETEEN The Baroque Style in Western Europe

331

(33)

Baroque Style

331

(2)

Architecture

333

(9)

Italy

333

(4)

France

337

(1)

The French Academy

337

(4)

England

341

(1)

Sculpture

342

(4)

Bernini

342

(4)

Italian Baroque Painting

346

(3)

Caravaggio

346

(2)

Gentileschi

348

(1)

Women as Artists: From Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century

348

(1)

Northern Baroque Painting

349

(13)

Rubens

349

(3)

Rembrandt

352

(3)

Etching

355

(1)

Vermeer

356

(2)

"Vanitas"

358

(1)

Spanish Baroque Painting

358

(1)

Velazquez

358

(4)

French Baroque Painting

362

(2)

Poussin

362

(1)

Poussin: Art as Music

363

(1)

CHAPTER TWENTY Rococo and the Eighteenth Century

364

(14)

Salons and "Salonnieres"

364

(1)

Royal Portraiture and the French Revolution

365

(1)

The Enlightenment

366

(1)

Rococo Painting

366

(4)

Watteau

366

(2)

Fragonard

368

(1)

Gainsborough

369

(1)

Hogarth

369

(1)

Rococo Architecture

370

(2)

Neumann: The Residenz

370

(2)

Zimmermann: The Wieskirche

372

(1)

Architectural Revivals

372

(3)

Palladian Style: Burlington and Adam

372

(2)

Gothic Revival

374

(1)

European Painting

375

(1)

Bourgeois Realism: Chardin

375

(1)

American Painting

376

(2)

Copley

376

(1)

West

376

(2)

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Neoclassicism: The Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

378

(9)

Chronology of the French Revolution and the Reign of Napoleon

378

(1)

The Neoclassical Style in Europe

378

(5)

Clodian and Canova

378

(1)

Satyrs and Bacchantes

378

(3)

Kauffmann

381

(1)

David: Art in the Service of the State

381

(2)

The Transition to Romanticism

383

(2)

Ingres

383

(1)

John Trumbull's "Declaration of Independence"

384

(1)

Developments in America

385

(2)

Chronology of the American Campaign for Independence

385

(1)

The Architecture of Jefferson

385

(1)

Greenough's "George Washington"

386

(1)

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Romanticism: The Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

387

(15)

Rousseau and the Return to Nature

387

(1)

Romanticism in Music and Poetry

388

(1)

Romantic Trends in Architecture

388

(1)

Figural Painting

389

(7)

Blake

389

(1)

Watercolor

389

(1)

Gericault

389

(2)

Delacroix

391

(1)

The Salon

392

(2)

Goya

394

(1)

Aquatint

394

(2)

Landscape Painting

396

(6)

Friedrich

396

(1)

Constable and Turner

396

(2)

Cole

398

(1)

Folk Art: Hicks

399

(1)

American Romantic Writers

400

(1)

Artists on Art I

401

(1)

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Nineteenth-Century Realism

402

(18)

"The Communist Manifesto"

402

(1)

Realism in Literature

403

(1)

French Realist Painting

404

(5)

Millet

404

(1)

Courbet

404

(2)

Daumier

406

(1)

Lithography

406

(1)

Gargantua

407

(2)

Nineteenth-Century Photography

409

(3)

France: Nadar

409

(1)

Photography

410

(1)

America: Brady

411

(1)

American Realism

412

(1)

Eakins's "Gross Clinic"

412

(1)

French Realism of the 1860s

413

(3)

Manet's "Dejeuner sur I'Herbe"

413

(1)

Manet's "Olympia"

414

(2)

Architecture

416

(4)

Paxton: Crystal Palace

416

(1)

Bridges: The Roeblings

417

(1)

Eiffel Tower

418

(1)

Origins of the Skyscraper: Sullivan

418

(2)

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR Nineteenth-Century Impressionism

420

(15)

"Japonisme"

420

(1)

Urban Renewal during the Second Empire

421

(1)

Painting in France

422

(7)

Manet: From the 1860s to the 1880s

422

(1)

Degas

423

(2)

Cassatt

425

(1)

Monet

426

(2)

Renoir

428

(1)

Pissarro

428

(1)

American Painting at the Turn of the Century

429

(3)

Homer

429

(1)

Sargent

430

(1)

Prendergast

430

(2)

"Art for Art's Sake"

432

(2)

Whistler versus Ruskin: The Brush and the Pen

432

(2)

French Sculpture

434

(1)

Rodin

434

(1)

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Post-Impressionism and the Late Nineteenth Century

435

(16)

Post-Impressionist Painters

435

(10)

Toulouse-Lautrec

435

(1)

Cezanne

436

(1)

An Apple a Day

437

(3)

Seurat

440

(1)

Van Gogh

440

(2)

Gauguin

442

(1)

Artists on Art II

443

(1)

The Symbolist Movement

444

(1)

Symbolism

445

(6)

Moreau

445

(1)

Munch

446

(1)

Rousseau

447

(1)

The Mechanisms of Dreaming

448

(3)

PART SIX The Twentieth Century

451

(85)

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX Turn of the Century: Early Picasso, Fauvism, Expressionism, and Matisse

451

(10)

Picasso and Matisse

451

(1)

Wallace Stevens: "The Man with the Blue Guitar"

452

(1)

Fauvism

453

(1)

Matisse: "The Green Line"

453

(1)

Expressionism

454

(4)

Kollwitz

454

(1)

The Bridge ("Die Brucke"): Kirchner

454

(1)

The Blue Rider ("Der blaue Reiter"): Kandinsky and Marc

454

(4)

Matisse after Fauvism

458

(3)

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN Cubism, Futurism, and Related Twentieth-Century Developments

461

(17)

Gertrude Stein

461

(1)

Early Cubism

461

(7)

Picasso

461

(2)

Analytic Cubism: Braque

463

(2)

Collage

465

(1)

Synthetic Cubism

465

(1)

Collage and Assemblage

465

(1)

Surrealism

466

(2)

Early Twentieth-Century Developments

468

(5)

The City

468

(1)

Futurism

469

(1)

Leger's "City"

469

(1)

Mondrian

470

(1)

The Armory Show

471

(2)

Postscript

473

(1)

Early Twentieth-Century Architecture

473

(5)

Wright and the Prairie Style

473

(1)

Cantilever

473

(2)

International Style

475

(3)

CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT Dada, Surrealism, Fantasy, and America Between the Wars

478

(17)

Dada

478

(2)

Duchamp

479

(1)

Surrealism

480

(4)

Sculpture Derived from Surrealism

484

(2)

America Between the Wars

486

(9)

Regionalism and Social Realism

486

(3)

The Harlem Renaissance

489

(1)

Photography

489

(2)

Mexico

491

(1)

Toward American Abstraction

492

(2)

Transcendental Painting

494

(1)

CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE Abstract Expressionism and Color Field Painting

495

(13)

The Teachers: Hofmann and Albers

495

(2)

Abstract Expressionism and the New York School

497

(9)

Gorky

497

(1)

Action Painting

498

(3)

Acrylic

501

(1)

Color Field Painting

502

(3)

West Coast Abstraction

505

(1)

Sculpture

506

(2)

CHAPTER THIRTY The 1960s: Pop, Op, and Minimalism

508

(10)

New York Pop Art

508

(8)

Painting

508

(6)

Sculpture

514

(2)

Op Art

516

(1)

Minimal Sculpture

516

(2)

CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Innovation and Continuity

518

(18)

Return to Realism

518

(3)

Developments in Architecture

521

(5)

Buckminster Fuller

521

(1)

Post-Modernism: The Piazza d'Italia

522

(2)

The Louvre Pyramid

524

(1)

"High Tech" Architecture: The 1986 Lloyd's Building

525

(1)

Environmental Art

526

(4)

Smithson: "Spiral Jetty"

526

(1)

The Christos

527

(2)

Urban Environment

529

(1)

Feminist Iconography

530

(1)

Chicago: "The Dinner Party"

530

(1)

"Plus ca change..."

531

(4)

Conclusion

535

(1)

Glossary

536

(6)

Suggestions for Further Reading

542

(6)

Notes

548

(1)

Acknowledgements

548

(1)

Picture Credits

549

(2)

Index

551

A History of Western Art

9780697287823

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