The HIV Pandemic Local and Global Implications

by Beck, Eduard J.; Mays, Nicholas; Whiteside, Alan W.

• ISBN13: 9780199237401
• ISBN10: 0199237409
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-02-09
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

A quarter of a century since the first recognition of HIV/AIDS in 1981, this book reflects on the international impact of the disease. It has persistently remained a global issue, with more than 50 million people worldwide estimated to have been infected since that date. This ambitious book,written by 165 authors from 30 countries, offers a multi-country comparative study that examines how the response to the common, global threat of HIV is shaped by the history, culture, institutions and health systems of the individual countries affected. Increasingly the shift of health systems has been from prevention only as the main containment strategy, to a strategy that includes scaling up HIV treatment, and care and prevention services, including antiretroviral therapy. Thus, all parts of the health system must be involved; policy makers,healthcare professionals and users of the services have been forced to think differently about how services are financed, how resources are allocated, how systems are structured and organized, how services are delivered to patients, and how the resulting activity is monitored and evaluated in orderto improve the effectiveness, efficiency, equity and acceptability of the response. This book is unique in attempting to describe and assess a range of responses across the globe by situating them within the characteristics of each country and its health system. Most chapters combine a health policy expert with an HIV specialist, allowing both a 'top down' health system approachand a 'bottom up' HIV-specific perspective. There are thematic and analytical sections, which provide an overview and some suggestions for solutions to the most serious outstanding issues, and chapters which analyse specific country and organisational responses. There is no perfect health system,but the evidence provided here allows the sharing of knowledge, and a opportunity to assess the impact and reactions, to an epidemic that must be considered a long term issue.

Table of Contents

The Pandemic

The HIV Pandemic and Health Systems: An Introduction

The Evolving HIV Pandemic

Social and Economic Impact of the HIV Pandemic

Determinants of the HIV Pandemic in Developing CountriesPrevention, Treatment and Care: Advances in Knowledge

HIV Prevention Programmes: an Overview

Antiretroviral Treatment and Care of HIV

HIV Vaccines: Development and Future Use

Ethical Issues and HAART

Legal and Human Rights Implications

Strategic Information for HIV Programmes

The Contribution of Cost-effectiveness AnalysisCountry Responses

Botswana

Ethiopia

Nigeria

Senegal

South Africa

Uganda

Cambodia

China

India

Indonesia

Philippines

Thailand

Barbados

Cuba

Haiti

amaica

Argentina

Brazil

Costa Rica

France

Italy

Russian Federation

Spain

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Canada

Mexico

United States of AmericaGlobal and National Responses

The UN response to the HIV Pandemic

Donor, Lender and Research Agencies' Response to the HIV Crisis

Financing HIV: the Roles of International Financial Institutions

Fiscal and Macroeconomic Aspects of the HIV Pandemic

Trade, Intellectual Property and Access to Affordable HIV Medications

Country Level Public-Private Partnerships for Successful HIV Treatment Programmes

Developing Human Resources for the HIV Pandemic

The Contribution of Civil Society

The Role of Community Involvement in HIV Programmes in South AfricaStrengthening the Response

Responding Effectively to the HIV Pandemic

Some Lessons Learned

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