How To Reach & Teach Teenagers with ADHD

by Flick, Grad L.

• ISBN13: 9780130320216
• ISBN10: 0130320218
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-25
• Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Summary

What is ADHD? Find out about the causes and developmental characteristics of ADHD from childhood to adolescence. Is there a treatment plan? This comprehensive resource outlines the preparation and goals for therapeutic intervention, medications and what ADHD teens, teachers and parents should know about them. Includes training programs for building attentions, social skills, organizational/study skills, and anger control. How can you improve behavior? Dr. Flick present techniques to address non-compliance, inattention, memory difficulty, impulse control disorder, and aggression by strengthening communication, family structure and orientation, and guiding rather than directing the teens behavior. Methods include behavioral contracts, behavior penalty plans, rewards and fines, and guidelines for modifying rules and expectations. You'll find 15 useful appendices, with reproducible information handouts for teens, teachers, and parents. Included in a "Twelve-Step Program for Parents and Teachers of ADHD Teens," as well as reproducible "ADHD Diagnostic Checklist and Treatment Organizer." In short, Dr. Grad Flick gives you one of the most practical and complete resources available for understanding the nature and treatment of attention deficit disorder. He helps adolescents with ADHD prepare for adulthood. He shows how to create a network of support, and he provides the most up-to-date resources for teens, teachers, counselors, and parents.

Author Biography

Grad L. Flick received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Miami in 1969 with APA-approved internship at the University of Florida Medical Center. A licensed psychologist since 1971, Dr. Grad L Flick received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Miami in 1969 with APA-approved internship at the University of Florida Medical Center. A licensed psychologist since 1971, Dr. Flick has specializations in neuropsychology and applied psychophysiology. He has been certified in stress management and employee assistance, and he has Fellow and Diplomatic status from the American Board of Medical Psychotherapists. He has also held positions in psychology at the University of New Orleans and Louisiana State University School of Medicine, and has served as consultant to several hospitals in the New Orleans and Mississippi Gulf Coast area. Since 1971, he has been in private practice and is currently director of Seacoast Psychological Associates, Inc. Dr. Flick and his wife, Alma L. Flick, Ph. D., specialize in the evaluation and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with Attention Deficit Disorder, and other learning and behavioral problems. Dr. Grad Flick is also director of the ADD Clinic, which offers year-round programs for children, adolescents, and adults, as well as behavioral and cognitive therapies, and traditional and group therapies. A Summer Camp and summer program for children with ADD/ADHD are also offered.Dr. Flick, who is currently Adjunct Professor at the University of Southern Mississippi Regional Gulf Park Campus in Long Beach has numerous publication credits, has conducted many workshops for both parents and teachers on ADD, and has given lectures to various parent and teacher organizations on ADD and Child Management. He is the author of Power Parenting for Children with ADD/ADHD: A Practical Parent's Guide for Managing Difficult Behaviors (The Center for Applied Research in Education, 1996), ADD/ADHD Behavior-Change Resource Kit (The Center for Applied Research in Education, 1997), and Managing Difficult Behavior in the Classroom: A Pocket Guide for Teachers (Seacoast Publications, 1999). He has over 28 years' experience in both research and clinical practice with children who present attentional, learning, and/or behavioral disorders. Drs. Grad and Alma Flick have also parented a child with learning disability and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Table of Contents

About This Book	vi
What is ADD/ADHD?	1	(18)
Descriptive Statistical Overview of ADD/ADHD	1	(1)
Basic Characteristics of ADHD	2	(4)
Inattention	2	(1)
Impulsivity	3	(1)
Hyperactivity	3	(1)
Additional Characteristics	4	(1)
Disorganization	4	(1)
Poor Peer/Sibling Relations	4	(1)
Aggressive Behavior	4	(1)
Poor Self-concept/Self-esteem	5	(1)
Sensation-seeking Behavior	5	(1)
Daydreaming	5	(1)
Poor Coordination	5	(1)
Memory Problems	6	(1)
Persistent Obsessive Thinking	6	(1)
Inconsistency	6	(1)
Possible Causes of ADHD	6	(5)
Biological Basis for ADHD	7	(1)
Genetic Evidence	7	(1)
Neuroanatomical Evidence	7	(2)
Neuropsychological Evidence	9	(1)
Neurochemical Evidence	9	(2)
Developmental Characteristics from Childhood to Adolescence	11	(1)
The Preschool Child	11	(1)
The School-age Child	11	(1)
The Adolescent	12	(1)
Addressing the Needs of ADHD Adolescents	12	(7)
General Adolescence	12	(2)
Adolescent ADHD Development	14	(4)
Being Positive About Adolescent ADHD Behavior	18	(1)
Assessment of ADHD in Adolescence	19	(44)
History and Background Information	19	(1)
Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA-IV)	20	(1)
Behavior Observations and Rating Scales for Teens	21	(1)
Self-Report Rating Scales for Teens	22	(2)
Psychological and Neuropsychological Tests	24	(3)
Rationale for Neuropsychological Assessment	24	(1)
Specific Tests vs. Test Batteries	25	(1)
A Multidisciplinary Evaluation	26	(1)
Components of the Neuropsychological Assessment	27	(12)
Assessment of Ability	28	(1)
Assessment of Achievement	28	(1)
Assessment of Executive Control	29	(1)
Assessment of Visual-Motor Skills	29	(1)
Assessment of Motor Skills	30	(1)
Assessment of Memory Functions	30	(1)
Assessment of Attentional Skills	30	(4)
Assessment of Self-concept/Self-esteem	34	(1)
Assessment of Social Skills	34	(1)
Assessment of Visual-Spatial Skills	35	(1)
Assessment of Language Skills	35	(1)
Behavioral-Emotional Assessment	35	(3)
Additional Assessment Procedures	38	(1)
The Reynold's Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS)	38	(1)
The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) and the Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory-Revised (SESBI-R)	39	(1)
Rating Scales	39	(3)
Parent Rating Scales	39	(1)
Teacher Rating Scales	40	(1)
Combined Rating Scales	41	(1)
School-Based Rating Forms	42	(1)
The Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale-Secondary-Age Student (ADDES-S)	42	(1)
The Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES)	42	(1)
The Behavior Disorders Identification Scale (BDIS)	43	(1)
The Diagnostic Process	43	(3)
Interpretation of Test Data	46	(1)
Skill-Deficit Assessment	46	(1)
Co-Morbidity/Mimic Syndromes	47	(2)
ADHD Associated with Medical Conditions	49	(5)
Tourette's Syndrome	50	(1)
Ear Infections	50	(1)
Narcolepsy	50	(1)
Anemia	51	(1)
Fragile-X Syndrome	51	(1)
Movement Disorders	51	(1)
Thyroid Dysfunction	51	(1)
Sleep Apnea	51	(1)
Sinusitis	52	(1)
Pinworms	52	(1)
Head Injury	52	(1)
Epilepsy	52	(2)
ADHD Associated with Psychological Conditions	54	(6)
Adjustment Disorders	54	(1)
Anxiety	55	(1)
Depression/Dysthymia	55	(1)
Bipolar Disorders	56	(1)
Mental Retardation	57	(1)
Learning Disabilities	57	(1)
Conduct Disorders (CD) and Oppositional Deficit Disorder (ODD)	58	(1)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)	59	(1)
Diagnosis vs. Assessment	60	(1)
Screening Evaluation for ADHD	61	(2)
Medical and Clinical Interventions for Adolescent ADHD	63	(54)
Medication Information	65	(1)
The Stimulants	66	(14)
How Do Stimulants Work?	69	(1)
The Decision to Medicate	69	(4)
Rebound Effect	73	(1)
Deciding on Which Stimulant to Use	73	(1)
When to Give Stimulant Medications	74	(1)
What About Monitoring?	75	(2)
Side Effects of Stimulants	77	(1)
Abuse of Stimulants	78	(1)
How Long Should Stimulants Be Given?	78	(1)
What About Drug Holidays?	78	(2)
The Antidepressants	80	(2)
The Antihypertensives	82	(1)
Medications Under Investigation	83	(2)
Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRI)	83	(1)
Mood Stabilizers	84	(1)
Neuroleptics	84	(1)
Beta Blockers	84	(1)
Atypical Anxiolyties	84	(1)
Other Medications	84	(1)
Discontinuation of Medications	85	(1)
What Teens Should Know About Medications	85	(1)
What Parents Must Know About Medications	86	(1)
What Teachers Need to Know About Medications	87	(1)
Exercise as a Therapeutic Modality	88	(1)
Coaching for Teens with ADHD	88	(17)
Small-group Educational Format	90	(1)
The Summer Camp	91	(1)
Skill Development at Home, at School, and in the Clinic	92	(1)
Attention Training	93	(5)
Behavioral Inhibition Training	98	(3)
Social-Skill Training	101	(1)
Organizational and Study Skills	102	(1)
Anger-Control Training	103	(2)
Stress-Management Training	105	(1)
Self-esteem Training	105	(1)
Understanding and Accepting ADHD	105	(2)
Behavioral Training Program for Parents	107	(1)
Behavioral Training Program for Teachers	108	(1)
Compulsive Behavior Therapy	109	(1)
Family Therapy	110	(1)
Therapeutic Prosthetics	111	(1)
Electronic Reminders	111	(3)
Devices	111	(2)
Tape Recorders	113	(1)
Computers	114	(1)
Mnemonic Devices	114	(1)
Special Techniques and Procedures	114	(2)
Decision on Alternative Treatments	116	(1)
Family Issues for Teens with ADHD	117	(30)
Assessment of Problematic Behaviors	118	(10)
Compliance	119	(1)
Impulse-control	119	(1)
Attention	119	(1)
Memory	119	(1)
Organization	120	(1)
Time Management	120	(1)
Emotional Reactivity	121	(1)
Aggression	121	(1)
Activity Stimulation	122	(1)
Social Skills	122	(1)
Risktaking	123	(1)
Narcissism	123	(1)
Boundary	123	(1)
Sleep-Wake Difficulties	124	(1)
Identity	125	(1)
Self-concept and Self-esteem	125	(3)
Patho-Parenting Styles	128	(3)
Parent-Teen Communication	128	(3)
General Parental Strategies for ADHD Teens	131	(16)
Family Structure and Orientation	131	(4)
Shifting Control	135	(1)
Specific Parental Strategies for ADHD Teens	136	(11)
Educational Issues for ADHD Teens	147	(44)
Survey of Problems and Concepts	147	(2)
Summary of Idea, 504, ADA, and IEP	149	(6)
General Summary	149	(3)
Identification, Evaluation, and Placement Procedures	152	(2)
Suggestions for Parents	154	(1)
School Discipline	155	(1)
Proactive Discipline	155	(1)
Reasonable Consequences	156	(1)
Positive Reinforcement	156	(1)
Learning Opportunities	156	(1)
Accommodations for Teens with ADHD	156	(5)
Accommodations in the School Setting	156	(2)
Teen-centered Accommodations	158	(1)
Teacher-centered Accommodations	159	(2)
General Instructional Principles	161	(2)
Parent-centered Accommodations	163	(1)
Develop a Home-School Behavior Program	163	(1)
Teach Parents to Practice Simulated School Behaviors	163	(1)
Skill Training for School Success	164	(27)
Organizational Strategies	165	(3)
Note-taking Strategies	168	(1)
Test-taking Strategies	168	(1)
Memory Strategies	169	(2)
Homework Strategies	171	(11)
Other Factors for School Success	182	(2)
Home-schooling	184	(1)
Failure and Retention	185	(1)
Promote and Maintain Self-esteem	185	(1)
Give Positive Strokes	186	(2)
Improve Self-esteem	188	(1)
An Exercise Plan to Counteract Negative Themes	189	(1)
Gifted Teens with ADHD	190	(1)
Behavior Management for ADHD Teens at Home and in School	191	(72)
Behavioral Interventions at Home	191	(4)
A---Antecedents: What Comes First	192	(1)
B---Behavior: The Central Issue	192	(1)
C---Consequences: Reactions to Behavior	193	(1)
Using the A-B-C Sequence in Behavior Programs	194	(1)
Antecedents	195	(8)
The First Thing That May Need to Change	195	(1)
Writing Rules and Developing Expectations	196	(2)
Developing Communication Skills	198	(2)
Learning About Communication Styles	200	(3)
Metacommunications	203	(1)
Behavior	203	(2)
Consequences	205	(1)
Behavioral Interventions	206	(20)
Positive Rewards	206	(1)
Ignoring Some Behaviors	206	(2)
Instrumental Behavior Plans	208	(1)
Writing a Behavior Contract	208	(2)
Writing a Behavior Penalty Plan	210	(2)
Developing an Effective Grounding Procedure	212	(1)
Practicing Appropriate Behavior Habits	213	(1)
Point Systems	214	(1)
Listing Behaviors for Rewards and Fines	214	(3)
Planning Point Systems for Adolescents	217	(3)
School Notes	220	(4)
Behavioral Momentum	224	(1)
Positive Response Program	225	(1)
Positive Behavioral Orientation	226	(1)
General Classroom Behavior Management	226	(10)
Modifying Antecedent---Accommodations	226	(1)
Modifying Antecedent---Rules, Expectations, and Communications	227	(1)
Rules and Expectations for School	228	(1)
Communication Skills---Teacher and Student	229	(1)
Communication Styles	230	(2)
Modify the Teen's Behavior/Skills	232	(1)
Modify the Teacher's Response to the Teen with ADHD	233	(3)
Dealing with Disruptive/Inappropriate Teen Behavior in the Classroom	236	(1)
Getting Rid of Unwanted Behaviors	237	(22)
Selecting Behaviors to Weaken or Remove	237	(1)
Ignoring Some Behaviors	238	(1)
Time-out for Misbehavior	239	(6)
Behavior Penalty	245	(1)
Classroom Adjustment	246	(2)
Structuring the Classroom	248	(1)
Improving the Teacher-Student Relationship	249	(1)
Managing Difficult Teacher-Student Interactions	249	(2)
Special Management Techniques	251	(8)
Collaborating with Accommodations	259	(1)
Parent-centered Accommodations	259	(1)
Disruptive Behavior Outside the Classroom	260	(3)
Student-mediated Conflict Resolution	260	(1)
Advantages of Student Mediation	261	(2)
Social Problems of Teens with ADHD	263	(14)
General Social Relations	264	(5)
Peer and Sibling Relationships	264	(1)
Parent Relationships	265	(1)
Teacher Relationships	266	(3)
Heterosexual Relations and Dating	269	(1)
Gang Behavior, Violence, and the Juvenile Justice System	270	(2)
The Juvenile Justice System	271	(1)
Analysis of Delinquent Antisocial Behavior	272	(1)
Alcohol, Drugs, and Other Addictions	273	(2)
Social-Skills Component of Self-esteem	275	(2)
Preparing for Adulthood with ADHD	277	(10)
Vocational and Occupational Issues	278	(4)
College	279	(1)
Vocational-Technical School	280	(1)
A Job	280	(1)
The Military	281	(1)
Focus on Abilities and Achievements	282	(1)
Problem Behaviors Evolving into Assets	282	(1)
Self-Concept and Self-Esteem	283	(1)
An Adult with ADHD: Memories of Teen Years	284	(3)
Network of Support	287	(8)
How Teachers May Help	287	(1)
How Parents May Help	288	(2)
How Siblings May Help	290	(1)
How Relatives May Help	291	(1)
How Friends May Help	291	(1)
How School Administrators May Help	292	(1)
How After-school Programs May Help	293	(2)
Resources for Teens with ADHD	295	(8)
Books, Magazines, Tapes, and Videos	295	(3)
Computers and Other Technologies	298	(1)
Inner-Personal Support	298	(1)
Inter-Personal Support	299	(2)
Peer Group Activities	299	(1)
Advisors and Coaches	300	(1)
Apprenticeship Training	300	(1)
Sports and Recreation	300	(1)
Biographic Notes on Adults with ADHD	301	(2)
APPENDICES	303	(86)
Appendix 1: Questions About ADHD: Information and Coping Strategies for Teens	304	(5)
Appendix 2: Understanding and Managing ADHD in Teens: A Handout for Teachers	309	(5)
Appendix 3: Understanding and Managing ADHD in Teens: A Handout for Parents	314	(5)
Appendix 4: Legal Rights for ADHD Teens	319	(5)
Appendix 5: 12-Step Program for Parents and Teachers of ADHD Teens	324	(1)
Appendix 6: Forms and Recordkeeping: The Teen Years of ADHD	325	(31)
Appendix 7: DSM-IV Criteria: ADHD	356	(4)
Appendix 8: Parent-Teacher Checklist	360	(2)
Appendix 9: Warning Signs of Violent Behavior	362	(1)
Appendix 10: A Personal Guide for Teens with ADHD	363	(2)
Appendix 11: Neuropsychological Report	365	(9)
Appendix 12: Accommodations for Secondary Education	374	(4)
Appendix 13: Medication Chart to Treat ADHD	378	(2)
Appendix 14: Treatment Options for ADHD Using a Problem-oriented Approach	380	(2)
Appendix 15: Clinician's Guide	382	(7)
RESOURCES	389	(22)
References	389	(10)
Recommended Resources for Teens	399	(1)
Videos for Teenagers	400	(1)
Recommended Resources for Parents	400	(2)
Recommended Resources for Teachers	402	(1)
Recommended Professional Resources	403	(1)
Additional Resources	404	(7)
Index	411