Human-Centered Software Engineering - Integrating Usability in the Software Development Lifecycle

by Seffah, Ahmed; Gulliksen, Jan; Desmarais, Michel C.

• ISBN13: 9781402040276
• ISBN10: 140204027X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-12
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

The fields of HCI and Software Engineering have evolved almost independently of each other until the last decade, when it became apparent that an integrated and combined perspective would benefit the development of interactive software applications. The chapters in this book are written by prominent researchers who bring to light the major integration issues and challenges, and offer a variety of solutions to bridging the HCI and SE gap, including: Extending software engineering artifacts for UI specification, such as annotating use cases with task descriptions, Enhancing object-oriented software engineering notations and models Possible extensions of HCI methods for requirements gathering through field observations and interviews, deriving a conceptual design model from scenario, task models and use cases and using personae as a way to understand and model end-users, New methodologies for interactive systems design, as well as approaches complementing existing methodologies.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xi
List of Tables	xv
Preface	xvii
Dedication	xxi
Contributing Authors	xxiii
Part I Introductory Chapter
An Introduction to Human-Centered Software Engineering: Integrating Usability in the Development Process	3	(14)
Ahmed Seffah
Jan Gulliksen
Michel C. Desmarais
Introduction	4	(1)
Major Obstacles for Effective Integration	5	(4)
The Series of Workshops on HCI/SE Integration	9	(1)
Why Human Centered Software Engineering?	10	(2)
Audience	12	(1)
A Quick Tour of The Book	12	(5)
Part II Principles, Myths and Challenges
Key Principles for User-Centred Systems Design	17	(20)
Jan Gulliksen
Bengt Goransson
Inger Boivie
Jenny Persson
Stefan Blomkvist
Asa Cajander
Purpose and Justification	18	(1)
Background	18	(1)
The Project	19	(7)
Definition and Key Principles	26	(3)
Tools for Applying UCSD	29	(2)
Application	31	(1)
Agile Approaches and UCSD	31	(1)
Discussion/Conclusions	32	(5)
HCI, Usability and Software Engineering Integration: Present and Future	37	(22)
Ahmed Seffah
Michel C. Desmarais
Eduard Metzker
Introduction	38	(2)
Development Processes	40	(5)
Artefacts	45	(4)
Design Knowledge	49	(3)
Organisational Approaches	52	(4)
Conclusion	56	(3)
Surveying the Solitudes: An Investigation into the Relationships between Human Computer Interaction and Software Engineering in Practice	59	(12)
Bill Jerome
Rick Kazman
Introduction	60	(1)
The State of the Research	60	(3)
The State of the Practice	63	(1)
Knowledge of SE and HCI	64	(1)
Working Together in the Workplace	65	(1)
Software Process Interactions	65	(2)
Implications of the Process Issues	67	(1)
Use of HCI Methods	68	(1)
Conclusions/Recommendations	68	(1)
Future Research	69	(2)
Convergence or Competition between Software Engineering and Human Computer Interaction	71	(16)
Allistair G. Sutcliffe
Introduction	72	(1)
Design Processes and Methods	73	(3)
Design Representations in SE and HCI	76	(3)
Viewpoints in HCI and SE	79	(1)
Theoretical Underpinnings	80	(3)
Conclusions	83	(4)
Part III Requirements, Scenarios, and Use-cases
Experience with Using General Usability Scenarios on the Software Architecture of a Collaborative System	87	(26)
Rob J. Adams
Len Bass
Bonnie E. John
Introduction	88	(1)
Usability and Software Architecture	88	(1)
The Usability and Software Architecture Project	89	(9)
Prior Use of U&SA Materials	98	(1)
Questions for a Real-world Case	99	(1)
The Merboard Project	100	(2)
U&SA'S Application to Merboard	102	(7)
Summary of Findings	109	(1)
Ongoing Work	110	(3)
Linking User Needs and Use Case-driven Requirements Engineering	113	(14)
Sari Kujala
Introduction	114	(2)
Understanding User Needs	116	(1)
Linking User Needs to User Requirements	117	(3)
Writing User Requirements from the User Point of View	120	(2)
Evaluating the Approach in Industry	122	(5)
Guiding Designers to the World of Usability: Determining Usability Requirements Through Teamwork	127	(20)
Timo Jokela
Introduction	128	(2)
Related Methods	130	(1)
Development of KESSU URD	131	(1)
General Features of KESSU URD	132	(4)
Steps of KESSU URD	136	(4)
Findings from the Case Studies	140	(1)
Conclusions	141	(1)
Discussion	142	(5)
Transforming Usability Engineering Requirements Into Software Engineering Specifications: From PUF to UML	147	(26)
Jim A. Carter
Jun Liu
Kevin Schneider
David Fourney
Introduction	147	(1)
The Putting Usability First (PUF) Methodology	148	(4)
The Unified Modeling Language	152	(3)
Applying PUF in UML	155	(9)
Implementing These Additions in UML	164	(2)
Example Transformations	166	(2)
Conclusion	168	(5)
Part IV UCD, Unified and Agile Processes
Which, When and How Usability Techniques and Activities Should Be Integrated	173	(28)
Xavier Ferre
Natalia Juristo
Ana M. Moreno
Introduction	174	(3)
Usability Methods Approach to Integration	177	(2)
Integration Proposals Based on SE Methods	179	(3)
Summary of Integration Proposals	182	(1)
Mapping Between Usability and SE Activities	183	(3)
Assignment of Usability Techniques to Activities	186	(1)
When to Apply Usability Activities and Techniques	187	(11)
Discussion	198	(1)
Conclusions	199	(2)
Coping with Complexity	201	(18)
Dave Roberts
Introduction	201	(3)
The Designers' Model	204	(2)
User Engineering Modeling	206	(11)
Continued Development	217	(2)
Towards a Model for Bridging Agile Development and User-Centered Design	219	(26)
Stefan Blomkvist
Introduction	220	(1)
Software Development Risks -- Reasons for the Agile Approach	221	(3)
Characteristics of Agile Development	224	(5)
User-Centered Design	229	(1)
User-Centered Design Qualities in Agile Development	230	(8)
Discussion	238	(1)
Towards a Model for Bridging Agile and UCD	239	(6)
Ripple: An Event Driven Design Representation Framework for Integrating Usability and Software Engineering Life Cycles	245	(24)
Pardha S. Pyla
Manuel A. Perez-Quinones
James D. Arthur
H. Rex Hartson
Introduction	246	(4)
Background	250	(2)
Current Practices	252	(5)
Ripple: A Design Representation Framework	257	(4)
Contributions	261	(4)
Potential Downsides of Ripple	265	(1)
Current Status	265	(4)
Part V UCD Knowledge and UI design Patterns
Integrating User-Centered Design Knowledge With Scenarios	269	(18)
Steven R. Haynes
John M. Carroll
Mary Beth Rosson
Introduction	269	(1)
What's in Design?	270	(6)
An Integrative Example	276	(1)
A Design Knowledge Research Agenda	277	(7)
Related Work	284	(1)
Conclusion	285	(2)
Patterns of Integration: Bringing User Centered Design Into The Software Development Lifecycle	287	(22)
Lisa Battle
Introduction	287	(3)
Pattern A: Foot in the Door (for internal usability group)	290	(4)
Pattern B: Foot in the Door (for external consultants)	294	(3)
Pattern C: UCD Focus on Early Definition and Design	297	(6)
Pattern D: UCD in Every Phase	303	(5)
Conclusion	308	(1)
UI Design Patterns: Bridging Use Cases and UI Design	309	(22)
John M. Artim
Introduction	309	(3)
Tree---An Example of a UI Pattern	312	(9)
Composed UI Design Patterns in Use	321	(4)
Pattern Descriptions in Practice	325	(3)
Future Work	328	(1)
Conclusions	329	(2)
UI Design Patterns: From Theory to Practice	331	(22)
Janet Wesson
Lester Cowley
Introduction	331	(1)
Pattern Identification	332	(3)
Pattern Use: The Dome Case Study	335	(9)
Pattern Evaluation	344	(6)
Further Research	350	(1)
Conclusions	351	(2)
References	353	(26)
Authors Index	379	(8)
Subject Index	387